Mashoko mutauro wakada uye mienzaniso ukoshi. Chii chinonzi mutauro wakada shoko?

Lexical Zvinoumba mutauro wokuRussia riri siyana uye inonakidza zvikuru. It anezvakawanda mashoko yepakutanga anozivikanwa chete rakamanikana denderedzwa vanhu. In lexicology kuvadaidza kuomesa mukushandisa uye kusunungura mu chaiwo mapoka. Pakati izvi nemazvo, usashanda uye mutauro wakada mashoko.

Recent kazhinji zvinogona kunzwika muruwa. Iripo kunyanya mhenyu kukurukura uye kazhinji hunoratidza huripo chaizvo ikoko. Uye zita chete nyaya vagari zvakafanana anogona kushandisa shanduro dzakasiyana: kuti "romunzvimbo" yemo.

Mutauro wakada shoko - chii?

"Zvinokonzera imba kundofudza seletok". Not vazhinji vakanzwa mutongo uyu vachanzwisisa zviri pangozi. Zvinonzwisisika. Seletkom muchiRussia mumusha unowanzonzi chete nomwana.

Remutauro - mashoko uchipinda kushandiswa nevagari imwe nzvimbo uye haana kuiswawo pakati chero mapoka mutauro lexical. kuwanda kwavo kunogona parinoperera nzvimbo akawanda kana kuti yose.

Kufarira panzira "romunzvimbo" shure muzana remakore rechi18 dzakatangira Russia. Sezvo nyanzvi dzemitauro ipapo dzakawanda uye nyanzvi dzemitauro, kusanganisira V. Dal Potebnya, Shakhmatov, Vygotskii, et unto., Vakaedza makuru mirayiridzo iyi. Vakatarirana kusarudza uye mienzaniso kushandiswa shoko bazi remutauro siyana. Mumabhuku, vose nezvipfuwo uye vatorwa shoko nhasi intersects nounhu hwakadai mitauro jogirafi (kunyanya mashoko munzvimbo dzakasiyana), mumagariro dialectology (inorangarira zera, basa, munzanga vatakuri vemo tumitauro).

remutauro boka mumutauro Russian

In Russia pane dzakasiyana zvakawanda tumitauro. Inokosha pamusoro sangano remutauro mashoko ari boka - miganhu. Maererano naye voga kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe remutauro, izvo, akavapindurawo, zvinosanganisira tumitauro akawanda. Pakati pavo pane Central tumitauro Russian, rwakazokura hwaro paumbwe mutauro ano Russian , uye saka mukuru nzira pedyo mabhuku chaiwo.

boka rimwe nerimwe kunoratidzwa kwavo mutauro nemashoko. Mienzaniso ratios izvi (kusanganisira inowanzoshandiswa): House - kari (akagara.) - Hata (wokumaodzanyemba.) taura - ndyiro (akagara.) - Gutara (South.).

Education remutauro Mashoko

Munhu wose anoti, sezvinoita mutemo, ane yayo nevamwe zvinhu. Uyezve, Science akasarudza govera mapoka akawanda zvakasiyana mu nzira yokuva mutauro shoko (mienzaniso anopiwa tichienzanisa ndozvakajairwa).

1. Chaizvoizvo mashoko. Ivo kana havana chokuita nemashoko ari mutauro chaiko (semuenzaniso, mapuroteni muna muPskov dunhu - Vecchio, kunotenga mu Voronezh - sapetka) kana aumba kubva raivapo mudzi uye kuchengetedza ayo inokosha zvinoreva (mu Smolensk nharaunda: kurambidzwa hurongwa kamwe kusashanda - saka iratidzike seiri kubuda).
2. Lexical-shoko inotungamirwa. Vakasiyana zvakafanana namashoko chete namira chete: murombo - the Don matambudziko, anamakuhwa - mu Ryazan razgovorchity etc.
3. Phonemic. Kusiyana aripo mabhuku dzemunharaunda ndomumwe phoneme (inzwi): andyuk pachinzvimbo kweTurkey, pahmurny - kureva ramakore.
4. Osemanticheskie. Zvachose kufanana rwakafanana shoko inzwi, kunyora uye chimiro, asi zvakasiyana lexical zvinoreva: vachimhanya vari Smolensk dunhu - zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita, noodles muna Ryazan dunhu - zita huku pox.

Nezvechiratidzo upenyu kuburikidza mutauro wakada nemashoko

Munzvimbo dzakawanda mune zvimwe zvinhu muupenyu, tsika, ukama pakati vanhu, izvo kazhinji kuwana mashoko pakutaura. Recreate mufananidzo wakakwana muupenyu Pakadaro, zvinokwanisika kuburikidza mutauro nemashoko. Mienzaniso mashoko pave nomumwe zvinoriumba mu zvinonyatsorehwa aiita zuva upenyu:

• nzira kuisira ari Bales inokonzerwa kana mashanga (vanhuwo zita - Baburka) muna muPskov dunhu: soyanka - Kugadzira duku, odonok - guru;
• zita pomwana munharaunda Yaroslavl: kusvika 1 gore - Ndinoda Kuziva, kubva 1 kusvika 2 years - chando gakanje, kubva 2 kusvika 3 years - Učka.

Pakunzi ethnographic kana nzvimbo zvinhu

Munogonawo - apo bazi remutauro mashoko (mienzaniso yavo kukosha nguva dzose vade mubereko kubva 'kunze') rubatsiro kunzwisisa upenyu mudziyo pachayo. Saka, kuchamhembe weimba, uye akaita zvose outbuildings kuvaka pasi rimwe remba. Nokudaro, vakawanda mashoko "romunzvimbo" anoratidza dzakasiyana zvikamu imba; zambuko - kanopi uye berere, koteji - mhenyu mumba, sirin'i - remba, Diving - kurarama mukamuri remba, rakadeurwa - mushedhi, Zhirkov - nzvimbo mudura nezvipfuwo.

In Meshersky kumucheto huru hupfumi zvekutepfenyura ndiyo foresitiri. Rinobatanidzwa ne boka guru mazita kuti vaumbe mutauro mashoko. Mienzaniso mashoko: guruva - jeko, tsono - iglishnik akaveza nzvimbo musango - kucheka, munhu mubasa pakuzvichenesa stumps - peneshnik.

Kushandiswa remutauro mashoko nhema

Writers kushanda chigadzirwa, achishandisa chero nzira iripo recreate yakakodzera mhepo uye Kuziviswa vacho zvifananidzo. Rinokosha iri kutamba remutauro mashoko. Mienzaniso yavo kushandiswa anogona kuwanikwa mabasa Pushkin, Turgenev, Esenin, M. Sholokhov, F. Abramov, V. Rasputin, V. Astafieva, Prishvin nevamwe vazhinji. Kuramba kuenda mutauro mashoko vanyori, ane pauduku akanga apedza mumusha. Kazhinji, hachishandi pachavo zvinopa omuzasi ine dudziro mashoko uye nzvimbo yavo kushandiswa.

Remutauro nzi mifananidzo angava akasiyana. Asi chero zvakadaro vanopa rugwaro uye kubatsira kuona kusiyana yemunyori pfungwa.

Somuenzaniso, Esenin - mudetembi, ane chikuru achishandisa rokuvakazve musha upenyu inongova Ryazan nomutauro mashoko. Mienzaniso kushandiswa yavo "iri chakasakara shushune wekare" - iri kwevanhukadzi zvipfeko mhando, "pachikumbaridzo mu dezhke bika" - yemapuranga tabhu kuti mukanyiwa.

Korolenko anoshandisa mashoko vemo paaisika serakavakwa gadzira: "... kutarisa honeydew" - kuzvimbirwa. Kana Turgenev: "... wokupedzisira nzvimbo (guru mudenhere rayo zvikwenzi) kuchapera."

Vanonzi "musha" Vanyori ndeimwe nzira pave mufananidzo anodzidza - rwokutaura gamba racho, zvinosanganisira mutauro mashoko. Mienzaniso: "vospod (Ishe) Unobatsirwa (rubatsiro)" kubva V. Astaf'eva, "mumwe (ivo) ... nyika iznahratyat (zvakapambwa)" - muna V. Rasputin.

Meaning of remutauro mashoko anogona kuwanika duramazwi: mune tsananguro, vachava akacherekedza nharaunda. - emunharaunda kana Dial. - mutauro. The Kudeuka chaiyo Mutauro ndiye "Dictionary wokuRussia zvavo tumitauro."

Kupinda remutauro mutauro mureza

Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti shoko, kamwe kushandiswa chete vamwe boka revanhu, achipinda muchikwata che zvakafanana. Uyu refu chichiitwa, kunyanya panyaya "romunzvimbo" ndiko, asi zvinotora nzvimbo nguva yedu.

Saka, vanhu vashoma chaizvo kuuya pfungwa, iro zvikuru rinozivikanwa shoko "zenze" iri akavamba mutauro. Izvi zvinoratidzwa chiratidzo Ivan Turgenev mu "Anocherechedza ane Hunter", "tsanga rustled, sezvo tinoti," kureva, muna Oryol province. Munyori kekutanga shoko rinoshandiswa sechinhu onomatopoeia.

Kana zvakafanana - anodzvinyirira uyo, panguva Ostrovsky aiva mutauro muna muPskov uye Tver neyenyika. Nokuda munyori wemitambo, hazvina awana kuberekwa wechipiri, uye nhasi hapana kunomutsa mibvunzo.

Aya haasi voga mienzaniso. On the bazi remutauro shoko rakashandiswa zvifanane imwe nezizi, tues, nembato.

Njodzi bazi remutauro mashoko munguva yedu

Nokuda kuwedzera mumakore achangodarika, vaitamira mukati munyika, tumitauro zvino anotaura kunyanya vakuru. Chikonzero chacho chiri pachena - mutauro wavo yakaumbwa muna chete ezvinhu, apo kuvimbika vanhu dzimwe kumatunhu Russia yakanga yakasimba. The kukuru basa vanhu vanodzidza mutauro mashoko ari kutofunga achiva mumwe nzira yokudzidza ethnographic netsika kukura uye kuzivikanwa vanhu Russian, simbisa ayo munhu akazvimiririra uye kusiyana. Nokuti rudzi ano - ndiwo ndangariro mupenyu kare.