Kushandiswa ethylene. ethylene ehupfumi

Ethylene ndiyo nyore Organic yeimwe aizivikanwa alkenes. Izvi Hauoneki combustible gasi, kuva chinonhuhwira kunaka uye kunhuwidza. Natural mabhuku anosanganisira negasi uye mafuta, asiwo dzinongoitika kemikari mune miti, umo kuchititadzisa kukura uye anokurudzira ichiibvira muchero. Kushandiswa ethylene kwakakurumbira mune maindasitiri makemikari kemisitiri. Zvinonzi kugadzirwa nevanhu muchidziisa negasi, Inzvimbo kutosvika 169,4 ° C, achibika pfungwa - 103 9 ° C.

Ethylene: STRUCTURAL zvinhu uye zvivako

Mahydrocarbon vari mamorekuru ane rehydrogen uye kabhoni. Akasiyana-siyana mashoko ari nhamba kusungwa chete uye kaviri uye STRUCTURAL wezwi nechimwe chikamu. Mumwe nyore, asi pakugadzira uye zvoupfumi zvinobetsera yeHydrocarbon ndiyo ethylene. Anouya nenzira gaseous chimiro, zviri Hauoneki uye zvikuru zvinobata moto. Inoitwa maviri miviri waakaita kabhoni maatomu pamwe rehydrogen maatomu. Makemikari fomura ndiyo C ₂ H _4. The STRUCTURAL chimiro morekuru Linear nokuda kuvapo miviri chisungo chiri pakati.
Ethylene dzakanaka musky kwakanaka, izvo zvinoita nyore kuziva fuma mudenga. Izvi zvinoshandawo gasi wakachena muchimiro: kunhuwa anogona kunyangarika kana avhenganisa nemamwe makemikari.

Scheme ethylene mafomu

Ethylene rinoshandiswa nenzira mbiri dzinokosha Categories: asi monomer iyo yakakura kabhoni ngetani zvakavakwa, uye somunhu mbishi mashoko mamwe maviri-kabhoni yeimwe. Polymerization - kudzokorora izvi tichibatanidza munhu muzvizhinji kuti ethylene duku mamorekuru kupinda makuru. Izvi ndepana mukuru zvisingatauriki uye kutonhora. Mafomu vakawanda ethylene. Polyethylene - a polymer, iro rinoshandiswa kunyanya mune zvakawanda kugadzirwa kavha mafirimu, waya coatings, uye nehombodo epurasitiki. Chimwe kushandiswa ethylene sezvo monomer chokuita paumbwe Linear α-olefins. Ethylene ndiko kutanga zvinhu achigadzirira dzinoverengeka maviri-kabhoni yeimwe akadai panyaya iyi (maindasitiri doro), ethylene oxide (antifreeze, polyester fibers uye mafirimu) kuti acetaldehyde uye raive nebutiro chloride. Kuwedzera kune izvi yeimwe, ethylene uye benzene chimiro ethylbenzene, iro rinoshandiswa pagadzirwe mapurasitiki uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa rabha. The fuma mune mubvunzo mumwe nyore Mahydrocarbon. Zvisinei, ethylene ehupfumi kuti zvoupfumi uye pakugadzira chinokosha.

rokutengesa kushandiswa

ethylene ehupfumi dzinopa zvikonzero zvakanaka commercial yakawanda Organic (kabhoni uye rehydrogen rine) zvinhu. Single ethylene mamorekuru ibatanidzwe saizvozvo kubereka polyethylene (zvinoreva zvakawanda mamorekuru ose ethylene). Polyethylene chimbuzi mapurasitiki. Uyezve, unogona kushandiswa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi detergents, uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa lubricants, izvo makemikari anoshandiswa kuderedza kukweshera. Kushandiswa ethylene nokuda styrenes zvinokosha pakagadzwa rabha uye anodzivirira kavha. Uyezve, rinoshandiswa shangu indasitiri, kunyanya mitambo shangu, uyewo kugadzirwa motokari matai. Kushandiswa ethylene riri kutengeswa kukosha, uye gasi pacharo ndechimwe inonyanyoshandiswa ikabereka Mahydrocarbon munyika yose.

Health Njodzi

Ethylene chinhu youtano pakutanga nokuti kwazvo zvinobata moto uye putika. Rinogonawo ave mushonga yakaderera kuwanda, kuchikonzera kuda kurutsa, dzungu, nomusoro uye kurasikirwa Kufambisa nemafambiro. At dzakakwirira kuwanda, izvozvo anoita somunhu rufimbi, kuchikonzera kufenda, kusava kune marwadzo uye dzimwe kuitika. All izvi zvinhu zvisingafadzi kunogona kuva chikonzero chokunetseka kunyanya vanhu vanoshanda zvakananga gasi. Huwandu ethylene, nako vanhu vakawanda vari kusangana muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva, zvinowanzova zviduku.

zvingaitwa ethylene

1) oxidation. Kuwedzera uku okisijeni, semuenzaniso, ari oxidation pamusoro ethylene kuti ethylene oxide. It rinoshandiswa kugadzirwa ethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol), iro rinoshandiswa sechinhu antifreeze uye anogadzira zvinhu polyesters kuburikidza condensation polymerization.

2) Halogenation - maitiro pamwe ethylene fluorine, kuiisa chlorine, bromine, ayodhini.

3) The chlorination pamusoro ethylene kuti aumbe 1,2-dichloroethane uye haizopereri kutendeuka 1,2-dichloroethane ari raive nebutiro chloride monomer. 1-2-dichloroethane chinhu chinobatsira makemikari solvent, uye ari aizotangira anokosha ari kwetunhu raive nebutiro chloride.
4) Alkylation pamusoro - achiwedzera Mahydrocarbon kune kaviri chisungo Somuenzaniso, kubatana kwetunhu ethylbenzene kubva ethylene uye benzene, zvichiteverwa kutendeuka kuti styrene. Ethylbenzene chinhu zvenguva kuti kugadzirwa styrene, mumwe kushandiswa nevakawanda raive nebutiro monomers. Styrene - monomer inoshandiswa kugadzirwa polystyrene.

5) The combustion kuti ethylene. The gasi yaunganidzwa muchidziisa ethyl doro uye kuramba sulfuric acid.

6) Hydration - zvakaitwa pamwe kuwedzera mvura kaviri chisungo. Chinonyanya kukosha maindasitiri kushanda ichi kuita kutendeuka ethylene kuti panyaya iyi.

Ethylene uye combustion

Ethylene - gasi asina ruvara, iro havaratidzi soluble mumvura. Combustion kuti ethylene mudenga pamwe paumbwe carbon dioxide inobvisa uye mvura. In yakaisvonaka chimiro gasi kutsva kuvheneka diffusion womoto. Hwakakanyiwa shoma mhepo, rinopa womoto, chine vatatu vakaparadzana akaturikidzana - yomukati chinoumba - the unburned gasi, zvitema-uswa rukoko uye rokunze cône, sezvamakaropafadzwa zvishoma oxidized zvibereko pre-yakavhenganiswa rukoko inopiswa mune diffusion mumurazvo. Pamusana murazvo inoratidza kunzwisisa dzinotevedzana wanda, uye kana gasi musanganiswa wacho akawedzera mamwe mhepo diffusion rukoko zvishoma nezvishoma nokupera.

Useful zvinhu

1) Ethylene chinhu dzinongoitika chirimwa kemikari, zvinokanganisawo kukura, kukura, kuibvisa uye kuchembera zvinomera.

2) Gas haikuvadzi uye kwete chepfu kuvanhu pane imwe pfungwa (100-150 MG).

3) Rinoshandiswa somushonga unonyaradza marwadzo.

4) ethylene chiito DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA panguva yakaderera tembiricha.

5) A maitiro chinhu chakanaka kupinda kuburikidza kwazvo zvinhu, somuenzaniso kuburikidza makadhibhokisi chiputiriso mabhokisi, matanda uye kunyange masvingo kongiri.

6) Kunyange kunokosha kuti kukwanisa kwayo kutanga chirongwa kuibvisa, uyewo zvinogona kukuvadza zvikuru zhinji michero, miriwo, maruva uye zvinomera, kukurumidzisa vasachembera uye kuderedza kunaka chigadzirwa chayo pasherufu upenyu. The mwero kukuvara kunoenderana wevasungwa, nguva dzokuteerera uye tembiricha.

7) Ethylene putika pa pamatunhu kuwanda.

8) Ethylene rinoshandiswa girazi indasitiri unokudzwa nokuda Automotive indasitiri.

9) Kugadzirwa simbi zvivako: gasi rinoshandiswa sezvo okisijeni-huni gasi kuti simbi nokuveza, nomoto, uye mukuru-velocity chafariz spraying.

10) Oiri: ethylene rinoshandiswa sezvo refrigerant, kunyanya mu pagadzirwe liquefied negasi.

11) Sezvambotaurwa, ethylene munhu zvikuru reactive fuma, uyezve, zviri kunopindawo zvinobata moto. Nokuti vakachengeteka zvikonzero, kakawanda yaitakurwa chaiwo yoga Mapaipi.

12) Imwe rakajairika zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa zvakananga kubva ethylene mapurasitiki.