Chii mushumo kadhi? Apo rakajairika ndiro shoko?

Nokuti vazhinji shoko "tafura" rine chokuita kuchikoro uye mamakisi. Asi chokwadi, iri izwi rine zvirevo zvakawanda. Chimbofunga mashoko kadhi uye apo isu kazhinji nevanhu shoko iri. Asi kutanga, isu kuongorora ayo mavambo.

Mabviro

zvakaoma kuona kwakabva "mushumo kadhi" rokuti. Zvinoreva shoko yachinja kupfuura kukudzwa. Ungangove, zviri akakweretwa kubva Netherlands (Dutch) mutauro, apo taulukko rinoshandurwa se "tafura." Sezvineiwo, Latin tabula ane dzakawanda zvairehwa: netafura uye bhodhi.

Pane kubvuma kuti shoko rine rechiGiriki nemidzi - kubva tablaus kana tavla - ". Nyama yemhuka checkered, mijenya uye wechesi pamusoro mudungwe bhodhi chaiyo" uye rinoshandurudza zvikuru kujairika,

It ndero zvinoreva izwi iri akashandurwa kupinda Russian. Tavleya kana Tavlya - Old zita Russian veIjipiti mutambo pakati checkered. Murume uyo akapedza saka yokuzvifadza, inonzi tavleyschik.

Kukoshesa

Chii mushumo kadhi, muchandipindura mudzidzi ose. Iri ndiro tafura chaiyo ine mazita nyaya uye mamakisi kuti dzimwe nguva (gore, kwetemu, kota) ari rokudzidzisa muitiro.

Kunyatsoongorora vadzidzi tichibatsirwa yakawanda kwave kwakamboitwa XVI remakore serimwe rinogona kutsiva koporo chirango. Munyika mune guru yakawanda ruzivo kupima enyika. Kubva zvatinosiita mazhinji kwatiri (shanu-pfungwa) kusvika module-kureva.

kupima hurongwa: zvinonakidza zvinhu

Digital, tsamba kana mushumo kadhi interest - kukosha kuongororwa zvinoenderana chii nyika uri.

• Nyika zhinji mutsamba matanhatu earufabheti Latin yokutanga (A, B, C, D, E, F) rinoshandiswa pamwe digital maitiro.
• In Armenia, Georgia, Moldova, Belarus uye Albania akashandisa kwakaita kupima.
• Pane-pfungwa matanhatu pamwero kuBulgaria, Poland uye Germany.
• In Finland Rating chikero anoda kubva 0 kusvika 10, asi tsika kwete asingasviki 4 pfungwa pose.
• MuRussia, Austria, Hungary, Serbia, Czech Republic uye Turkey mamakisi vanobva 1 kusvika 5.
• Kurovedzwa wemuTesitamende France, 20-pfungwa, sezvo iri US - a 100-nguva akamboona.
• yakadzidziswa musi 12-pfungwa pamwero kuMoldova uye Ukraine.

Table vezvinzvimbo

Shoko anewo munhoroondo kukosha. Chii "Zviri pamisara"? Zviri nomurayiro Peter Mukuru I, rakabudiswa pakutanga XVIII remakore. The zvemitemo Chiito ine tafura (tafura) machinda anenge 19 nyaya (zvinhu) kuti akatsanangura.

Somugumisiro mutemo Peter I yekudyidzana zvakawedzera uwandu pemisara uye zvinzvimbo pehurumende midziyo uye hondo. Uye "Zviri pamisara" paaibuda pamisara zvose kune vamwe makirasi, iyo zvino 14.

Innovative Petrovskaya tafura kwaisanganisira 263 dzakakora uye zvakaenzana chinzvimbo uyewo chinzvimbo (Knight of Revashumiri Andrei Primordial). Yaiva Russian Order rokutanga, kusvikira pakutanga XX remakore, chepamusorosoro mubayiro yeRussian Empire. Conditions kuti dzave vakanyorwa mu "Zviri pamisara" aibvumirwa munhu kubva zvidzidzo rezasi kuti chinzvimbo, chinzvimbo, kana kuti zvichida chinzvimbo.

Youth akariposhera

Language subculture kana vechidiki akariposhera kunonyanya zvakasiyana kubva chaiko. Somuenzaniso, "akaipa," rinoshandurwa kuti "hama guru" uye "pachena" - kudzimwa kana kurambwa chinhu. Dzimwe nguva unogona kuwana yepakutanga neologisms Somuenzaniso, "pelmmillion" zvinoreva rakakura mari kudyiwa zongzi.

shoko "tafura" rinowanzoshandiswa kuwanikwa mumutauro subcultures ano. Zvazvinoreva chaizvo zvinoshamisa. The youth akariposhera bhodhi (tafura) rinoreva munhu. Uye mashoko okuti "nguva kuenda zuva" rinoshandurwa sezvo zororo.

Revashandi zororo

Pakutanga mashoko XVIII remakore zvakaitika hondo Poltava vakakurumbira. Muhondo iyi, Peter A. akakunda hondo yose Swedish King Karl XII. Vachikudza ichi rinokosha kukunda Russian Emperor (Peter I) akaita June 27 dzakarongwa yezororo.

Zvinofadza kuti karenda nyore dzimwe nguva anonzi "dzakarongwa". Pamushumo kadhi, mukarenda rine mazita vashandi, ezororo uye kwevhiki. Rinogonawo kuva tafura shanu-zuva kana-zuva matanhatu anobatwa vhiki. Patafura-makarenda neapo iripo mashoko paavhareji kureba kushanda zuva.

Timecard mu chizvidavirire

Nekurangarira kuti chero sangano timesheet nguva mushandi ari rinokosha. Chii mushumo kadhi? Gwaro iri kana chizvidavirire tafura unokosha izvo zvinyorwa mashoko pamusoro mhando basa (kushanda usiku kana zuva rwendo) uye uwandu kushanda maawa (3, 5, 8). It ariko zvose kutarisana (paper) shanduro uye zvemagetsi chimiro.

Nei mashoko kadhi kuchikosha nokuda mushandirwi nomushandi? Ndicho nyore chaizvo. Rinoshandiswa kuverenga mukana wakakwana mubayiro. Uye gwaro iri uchapupu pamberi mushandi kubasa uye chokupika mabasa avo.

Sezvo takaona, "tafura" rine zvirevo zvakawanda, dzimwe nguva zvikuru zvisingatarisirwi. Shoko iri rinogona kuwanikwa chikoro zvakatipoteredza, munhau zvinyorwa zviri chizvidavirire dhipatimendi uye kunyange molozhonom akariposhera. Mabviro zvakare akafanira kuteerera, nokuti haana kusonganirana dudziro ano.