The mukuru guta (munyika uye mune dzimwe nyika)

Isa kugadzirisa vanhu vakasarudza kare. Saka kure pasi redu zvichengetedzwe kugarwa, yakavambwa makore akawanda apfuura. Chinonyanya kushamisa ndechokuti havasi vose vakasiya. Vakawanda vavo vachiri kuramba kubika upenyu. Maguta akadaro akakurumbira chaizvo, achikwezva zvinoshamisa kuona nzvimbo tsvene, iyo, sezvo mutemo, kune vazhinji. Vari zvakazadza nomweya nhoroondo, uye mwoyo chaizvo. The mubvunzo pazera ravo vechokwadi kunoramba kukurukurwa, uye masayendisiti tinowanzova nenguva dzinopesana uchapupu.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvikuru guta rekare panyika - Jeriko ichi. Anofungidzirwa, rakavakwa muna 9000 BC Its nzvimbo - nyika Palestine. Ndicho mukuru guta panyika, aizivikanwa mumazuva edu. The Kucherwa matongo makaratidza dzasara 20 nemisha zvichengeteke pano. Ivo Nhoroondo kwemakore anopfuura 11.000. Iri ndiro guta mukuru munyika rakaumbwa muna Jorodhani, pamusoro kumadokero kwayo bhengi. Mazuva ano, vanhu vanenge 20,000 vanogara pano.

No zvishoma kunakidza iri yakavambwa vokuFenikiya guta Hebe. zita aripo iye kubva pano vozivshih nhokwe vaGiriki, uye pakupedzisira akapiwa zita Bhaibheri. Ndiro guta mukuru yeRebhanoni. Kubva pakuvambwa kwayo tenda 5000 BC Its chikuru mushanyi kukwezvwa St. Church Ioanna Krestitelya, nhare Byblos, reFenikiya mutemberi. Vose vakanga yakavakwa maererano vairwa muhondo dzemachechi muzana remakore rechi12. Kunokwezva pfungwa Vashanyi uye Ages masvingo hwekare guta racho.

Sezvo guta yakakurumbira kudarika dzimwe muSiriya, Aleppo (Halab) vanosvika vanhu mamiriyoni 4.4 vanogara mairi nhasi. Ndiro guta dangwe rine vakawanda vaigara yakadaro. Rayakavambwa kusvikira shure se 4300 BC Nhasi, pane nzvimbo guta rekare kune zvivako ano, administrative uye dzinogarwa zvivako, izvo zvinokanganisa zvikuru kubereka matongo Zvakafukunurwa. Iyi nzvimbo ine nyaya dzinofadza zvikuru. Kwemazana emakore, simba vaiva pano navaHiti, vaAsiriya Papera, ipapo vaGiriki navaPersia. Panguva dzakasiyana maigara vaRoma, Byzantines uye vaArabhu. guta rino muSiriya rave zvaiswa pasi yaingopambwa uye kukunda ose Dzorudzidziso, ipapo kuvhiringidzwa ari eMongolia uye hweOttoman Empire.

Chimwe guta yakasiyana - guta guru weSiriya, Dhamasiko. Chawo weveta iyoyo sezvo nheyo Aleppo. Mune dzimwe manyuko zvinonzi rwakaiswa guta munyika dangwe navanhu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vaigona mairi kunyange 10,000 BC Izvi zviri nharo kusvikira zvino. Zvinofadza kuti munguva dzekare vaSiria akasvika pano akaputsa mumwe richikurukura migero kuti vanoumba hwaro ano mvura uye mumazuva edu. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, akava mumwe nemisha inokosha munyika.

Dhamasiko nevanhu kurwisa kubva kunze. hondo yake yakahwina Great, vaRoma, ivo muridzi maArab vokuTurkey. Dhamasiko kwakakurumbira chaizvo kuvashanyi, nokuti akaramba vakawanda zvenhoroondo zvinotyisa.

Guta guru Elamite Empire, Susa, rakaumbwa muna 4200 BC In Iran, ndiro guta kupfuura kare. It akakunda panguva nevaAsiriya, uye gare gare, munguva yokutonga Kira Velikogo, akapinda nhaka youmambo Persian Ahmenidov imba. Apo chiito ndiyo mitambo mukuru Aeschylus "nevaPezhiya", iro kune nzvimbo inokosha munhoroondo yemitambo. City parizvino ane 65,000 vagari uye anonzi Shusha.

The guta mukuru muIjipiti - Faiyum nayo. Kare, pano airemekedzwa mwari Sobek, anofananidzirwa ne musoro garwe. Gore rokuvambwa guta riri seva 4000 BC Zvinonzi rakamiswa zasi-kumadokero Cairo. Modern Fayoum anozivikanwa akawanda zvikuru pamisika, mosques uye dzimba dzokugezera. Near mairi Pyramid Hawara uye Lehin.

Guta, yakavambwa kumativi 4000 BC, vaiona Bulgarian Plovdiv uye neRebhanoni Sidhoni. Plovdiv chinokwezva zvivako vakawanda vekare, uye Sidhoni iri dzakaitika kufarira, sezvo pano kuti yakatanga kukura zvikuru muMediterranean umambo pamusoro Thracians.