Protectorate weBohemia uye Moravia: tsananguro, nhoroondo, ndima uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Protectorate weBohemia uye Moravia - chakagadzirwa nehurumende inotungamirwa, yakabuda Europe pamberi Hondo Yenyika II. It akasimuka somugumisiro ari kumukira pamusoro Third Reich uye vakaramba kurarama kusvikira kumagumo ruvengo pamusoro munharaunda Czechoslovakia.

Maererano vamiririri Reich Protectorate raimiririra zvido vagari idzi chiGerman, pasinei nokuti vakawanda vemo munharaunda iyi vaiva dzinza Czechs.

kutanga

Mukutanga October 1938 vachitevera kusaina kuti ari Munich Agreement, ivo Sudetenland mudunhu muCzechoslovakia yakatora ne Nazi Germany. Mwedzi mishanu mushure annexation of Czechoslovakia kuti President Emile Gahu akanga varangana Berlin, apo Hitler akanga amukoka kutora basa Czechoslovakia pasina kurwisa nezvombo.

Pindura Gahu asisina chinhu ukoshi. The accession of Czechoslovakia kuGermany anzverwa pachine kubudikidza soro panhengo Reich, ndokumirira chando, vokuGermany vakatanga annexation.

annexation

March 13, 1939 zvose periodicals German dzakabudiswa zvinhu zvichipomerwa kuratidza kwoutsinye pakati Czechs kusvikira vokuGermany uye kudzvinyirirwa nhau German. On March 15, pamusoro Gradchinoy - rezidentsikey madzimambo akare Czech - akanga achibhururutsa German mureza. Panguva iyoyowo rukudzo dzose wehondo eGermany muBohemia uye Moravia. The chetatu nyika - Slovakia - kwakanga conditionally akazvimirira, asi chaizvoizvo vo vairarama Germany. The annexation rakapera.

Muna March 1939, chirevo wacho wakasainwa Adolf Hitler, maererano izvo mumwe nzvimbo yaimbova Czechoslovakia akawira pasi protectorate. MuBohemia uye Moravia akava enyika, zveupfumi uye mumagariro hunotsigirwa Germany. On mundima Protectorate akaita mutemo German, nyika yaitongwa puppets-mutori nyika. The Czechs vasina mauto ayo zvemukati pachake hondo dzose akanga arega - ikozvino kufudza kuchengeteka kumiganhu Czechoslovakia akatora vokuGermany.

The simba Executive munyika yakanga mutariri zvikuru akagadza Reich Mudziviriri. Wokutanga vakabata pambiru, Konstantin von Neurath. Kwakanga kuchine mutungamiri, zvichipomerwa ndokunanga ari Protectorate weBohemia uye Moravia. Mumazana oupenyu dzidzo ichi paruzhinji yakaramba purezidhendi ake Emile Gahu.

Kusimbisa nzvimbo

Pakutanga, simba Nazi Germany aigona kunzi nemwero. Chokwadi, mapato mazhinji akanga akarambidzwa, uye vaJudha vose vari munyika vave adzingwa dzavo mbiru uye Kutamiswa pevhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, kushanda emakambani, zvikoro zvedzidzo munyika akazarurwa, raibhurari uye mitambo. Zvisinei, zvishoma nezvishoma, asi nyika chakarasikirwa vakasara pamutemo rusununguko uye akazova nemanda zvavanobata Third Reich.

wechiuto mutemo

Zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinhu zvakachinja. Ruvengo kwakamuka, uye Germany aida vakawanda kokupata basa. Chinonyanya svikika mabviro ichi chaiva Protectorate weBohemia uye Moravia.

Nokuti kurapa bhizimisi iri dzatorwa anokosha madhipatimendi dzakatangwa. The Czechs vaifanira kushanda migodhi, metallurgia uye kudzivirira maindasitiri, chikamu Czech vechidiki akatumwa Germany. Kugadzirwa nevatengi nhumbi hupere, simba rinopiwa vakatumirwa mauto eGermany. Nokuti vanhu vakarongeka migove uye zvokudya inoratidza.

October 28th yose Czechoslovakia uremu okutsutsumwa zvakazunungusa intelligentsia uye vadzidzi. Vairatidzira vaishora neGermany. hurumende German maitiro pakarepo. Yakatanga vakawanda nemapurisa enyika vavengi uye vagari tichishingaira. November 17 yechipiri uye yakakwirira masangano edzidzo zvakavharwa. Vatungamiriri mudzidzi vakasungwa uye ipapo vaurayiwa. Mazana evanhu pasina muripo kana kutongwa vaiva mumisasa yevasungwa - sezviri kuratidzwa pachake "munyoro" Protectorate weBohemia uye Moravia.

Nguva 1939-1945.

Kutanga Second World War akaisa yose zvoupfumi uye nemagariro upenyu muCzechoslovakia pamusoro hondo akamira. Kuitira kudzivisa kuchangotanga okutsutsumwa uye mabasa nokusateerera, zvave chose kuzodzosera engineered dzomunyika masimba zvidhakwa protectorate.

MuBohemia uye Moravia akava dariro basa rimwe basa vatsigiri Reich, Reinhardt Heydrich. Akagadzwa Chief of Reich Security Forces. Chidzoyi puraiminisita Protectorate, akasungwa uye akapfurwa - zvichipomerwa mabasa Anti-German. Hurumende Czech yave ichiputswa, uye vose venyika kumasangano enyika dzakavharika.

mapurisa German pamwe SS mauto yakatanga kutambudzwa vaJudha vaitsoropodza. All vanhu norudzi vechiJudha vakaendeswa yevasungwa, uye muguta Terezin cram rakarongwa, idzo akavapo kusvikira pakuguma hondo. Nokukurumidza Heydrich akakuvadzwa uye akazofa. Mutsivi wake, Kurt Daluege, akaramba mutemo udzvanyiriri. mumisha miviri - Lidice uye Ležáky - zvakaparadzwa zvachose, uye vagari - vapfurwa.

The muchina kuti udzvanyiriri, kutambudzwa uye vaiurayiwa aiita dzose nguva. Utongi midziyo inotungamirirwa zvakanaka nekusimba SS vakuru - Max Rozshtok, Richard Schmidt uye Ernst Hittsegrad. Protectorate weBohemia uye Moravia mumakore oupenyu hwavo chakarasikirwa anenge mazana maviri nezviviri vanhu vakauraya, vakatambudzwa, kushayikwa. Around 35,000 vashandi Czech nechisimba vakaendeswa Germany kunoshanda munitions mafekitari.

ndokunge rusununguko

Vachitungamirirwa mureza wenyika vainzi kusunungurwa protectorate weBohemia uye Moravia (1939-1945 gg.) Ndakaedza kuita dzakawanda munhandare sezvo yakazvimirira mamiriro. In ichi ekunyebera kudhinda mari yavo uye akaenda zvetsamba. Czechs vakabvumirwa kuti mitemo yavo pachavo. Uye yakanga yayo mureza protectorate.

MuBohemia uye Moravia ndasarudza kuti ayo mukuru hunhu munyika yekare necheSalvic mavara - chena, zvitema uye tsvuku. Kubatana uku mavara - ndicho chete chinhu kuti akapona kubvira panguva annexation. Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, iyo tricolor mureza mureza akasiya Czechoslovakia.