KuCrimea - kuzvionera. Status pamusoro Crimea. Map, mapikicha

Mukupindura achangopfuura zviitiko, zvichida hapana vanhu vasina kunzwa pamusoro muCrimea. Kuzvionera kubva kuUkraine rakanyonganiswa sezvinoita Republic muna reRussian Federation. Hazvina chokwadi ichi rwunoparidzirwa panyika yepamutemo mutemo vagamuchirwa neHurumende Duma muna March 2014. Munzira, kuwana mamiriro ravo vagari Crimea akapfuura makore anenge 100, tipone nemateru nezvisingafadzi. Ita zvishoma karwendo kupinda munhoroondo nechinangwa kuti kuronda nhanho ehurumende kuvakwa muna Tavria yekare.

Senzira Russian Empire

Pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore, Crimean kweItari yaiva chikamu Russian Empire, vakabatana rimwe muna 1783. Pakutanga, mamiriro Crimea akanga so munharaunda, uye kubva 1802 - mudunhu pamwe guta akazvitsaurira inokosha Sevastopol, zvakananga Imperial kukundwa. Kubva panguva iyoyo kusvikira nhasi Sevastopol agara aiva nechinzvimbo chakakwirira. Vazhinji vacho vaiva Tatars, akaenzana mamiriro vanhuwo zvavo, asi akamuka kupfuura chechipiri, kurudyi. Pakazosvika 1917, murwiyo chavagari pamusoro Peninsula yachinja, zvino ruzhinji Little vokuRussia uye Russian, uye 25 chete% - Tatars. A kota chavagari - dzimwe colonists vaGiriki, vanhu vokuGermany, vokuArmenia, vokuBulgaria.

Education kuzvionera wokutanga Crimea

In zvinoitirwawo moto yehondo izvo chete zviremera asiri zvizivikanwe: tsvuku, uye interventionists German uye White Guards Wrangel, uye girini. Pashure pokukunda pakati Bolsheviks iri Russian mamiriro novosozdanom pamutemo pakati Crimea zvakachinja. Social Democrats kuchikuva enyika kwaibva kodzero marudzi yokuzvitonga, kukwanisa kuumba dzidzo yavo pachena. Sezvo ari Crimean Tatars kare kugarwa Peninsula, mukuru chinzvimbo vakagamuchira uye muCrimea. Kuzvionera chaizvo zvakawanda kodzero mukati RSFSR. Kana nominating nokuti Executive zvinzvimbo, zvatinofarira hwakapiwa Tatars. The Constitution pamusoro 1936 akasimbisa nzvimbo iyi. Asi maererano 1939 vaverengwe, madzinza Kuronga Crimean kuzvionera asi akasarudza kuwanda wokuRussia nevanhu pamusoro vamiririri vemamwe marudzi uye marudzi (anenge 50%), vanenge 20% chete chete Crimean Tatars. Achisvika padanho 14% kuUkraine, vaJudha vaiva 5.8 chete%, vokuGermany - 4.5%. Isati hondo muna Crimea makatanga kuita pokutapwa vaGiriki, vaBulgaria, vanhu vokuGermany, saka nhamba yavo rava kuvira.

A zvishoma pamusoro okuti

Achitaura pamusoro Crimean statehood, tinofanira kunzwisisa zvazvinoreva kuzvionera zvachose? MuchiGiriki, shoko rinoreva rusununguko, kuzvimiririra. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, pane yechinangwa vasina kuroora pangava munzvimbo dzine mumwe rusununguko munyika dzinoverengeka nyaya, warwo remitemo uye mitemo regai kupikisana mitemo inokosha hurumende rose, zviri zvemitemo uye Executive zviremera. MuSoviet mamiriro zvionera chinoda dzakatangwa iri National hwaro. Saka, muCrimea - kuzvionera, iyo yakabuda nokuda wechiTatar Vagari Peninsula. Munyika yanhasi, kuzvionera chinoonekwa sezvo miganhu-administrative Unit, iro kunobva siyana zviratidzo anogona kuiswa. inoti Vazhinji, kunyange vaya vakazivisa pachavo unitary, vane zvionera nharaunda uye chinoda wayo sezvamunoita.

Kuedza kusika munhu kuzvionera Jewish

kuzvionera dzevaJudha Crimea - ndiko kutoti vaaleanpunainen hope vakazvipira vechiJudha kupfuura chokwadi. Yokutanga kuedza kuunza upenyu pfungwa pakusika munhu yevaJudha ndezvaJehovha 20 gore fung. Kuchamhembe zvikamu Peninsula paiva dzakati nyika vakawanda apo vaJudha vakatanga resettle kuti pave richikurukura vomunharaunda aizoumba Achishandisa National zvokuvhoterwa. Kuedza kuita chirongwa akamhanyira dzinoverengeka matambudziko. Chekutanga, zvakanga zvachose hazvibatsiri veko Tatar hwevanhu, iyo pachayo zvakaipa vanoda munyika. Zvinodiwa titular rudzi panguva iyoyo vachishingaira akadzivirira Veli Ibraimov, sachigaro Crimean Central Executive Committee. Uye, kunyange zvazvo vechiJudha kurovedzera danho aigona kubvisa ayo maoko OGPU, mumwe dambudziko rakanga rakaoma zvikuru kubata. Iye akarara chaizvo zvinorehwa norudzi Jewish. Saka vashomanana vavo vanokwanisa uye achida kuita zvokurima mabasa. Vazhinji vakatamira vakagara mumaguta (vanhu vanenge 40,000), uye vamwe 10,000 vachiri kurarama munyika nematambudziko makuru nezvokudya pamusoro pasingagarwi nzvimbo. Aipesana veko wechiTatar vakawanda, Kusagutsikana unowedzera nokuda collectivization itsika. Map of kuCrimea panguva rinoratidza mbiri huru mumaruwa kugara vechiJudha: Larindorfsky uye Fraydorfsky. Asi 1938 Resettlement vaJudha muCrimea amira. About chirongwa nguva kukanganikwa, kunyanya Far East Republic pamwe guta rayo Birobidzhan akasikwa.

Kubviswa wokutanga Crimean kuzvionera

Pashure kusunungurwa Crimea muna 1944, vatungamiriri vechiJudha Antifascist Committee zvakare akamutsa nyaya kuzvionera Jewish. Asi nzvimbo Soviet utungamiriri panguva yakanga yakawanda zvipfupi uye yakajeka. Iye akaramba mukana pakusika munhu yevaJudha. Uyezve, vanhu vakawanda munyika yose Tatars uye mamwe marudzi Peninsula chaiitirwa pashure pehondo, zviri chaizvoizvo "Akanyatsovharwa". Vakashandura mamiriro Crimea. June 25, 1946 Akave nokuvandudza Constitution of RSFSR, iyo akabata miganhu administrative nemamiriro mamiriro. Ivo akanyora shanduro Crimean kuzvionera mamiriro mudunhu. Makore maviri gare gare, chinzvimbo chinokosha, chokwadi kuenzaniswa mamiriro ezvinhu Crimean nharaunda Sevastopol akagamuchira.

KuCrimea sechikamu wokuUkraine Soviet Socialist Republic

Zvikonzero kuchinjwa Crimea kuna Ukraine havasi zvakanaka kunzwisiswa kusvikira ikozvino. Vamwe mhosva yacho voluntarism pamusoro Nikita Khrushchev, uyo achangobva akaita vakurumidze kuita nemanzwiro. Uyezve, pane dzimwe nezviito zvake, izvo kusimbisa uchapupu chikonzero zvakadaro. Vamwe vanoti danho iri kodzera zvikuru uye pragmatic. Chekutanga, kubva nemaonero wenyika nevakawanda. Chechipiri, nokuda kwoupfumi zvinetso Magetsi uye mvura kubva munharaunda Ukraine. Chechitatu, kuchiri kusaroora - Soviet Union, akoromoke iyo hapana akafanoona uye vaisagona kunyange kufungidzira. Ivai kuti hazvo, muCrimea kwakaita chinzvimbo akachinja zvakare muna 1954. Uyezve, chirevo pamusoro kuchinjwa Crimea haana akafukidza nyaya Sevastopol, iro agara aiva nechinzvimbo chakakwirira senzvimbo wengarava mujinga Russia.

Zvakare, kuzvionera

Muna 1990, apo Soviet Union akakura National kuzvipokanidza, kudirwa vanonzi "achimisa pamusoro sovereignties", Crimean Regional Council of vevatariri kamwe zvakare akatanga kukurukura mamiriro Crimea. Maererano mutemo pachena, kuzivikanwa yeSoviet nehurumende zvikanganiso chokuita pokutapwa yemarudzi uye kudzoka Crimean Tatars kwavo nhoroondo yokumusha, kwakasarudzwa kugamuchira liquidation ari Crimean kuzvionera nebumbiro chiito. Sezvo pakaziviswa kuti Crimea - kuzvionera mukati Soviet Union uye saka pasi izere Union State. Kuti vadzvinyirire Chisarudzo ichi pamusoro Peninsula, referendum wakaitwa. Ruzhinji vaiva pakutsigira Mutongo Crimean Council uye nokuda paumbwe cherusununguko mukati Soviet Union.

Mwero kuzvionera mukati muUkraine

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union, Crimean Peninsula Crimeans pachavo pakarepo akaonekwa Ukraine. Mune Crimean Constitution, vakagamuchirwa muna May 1992, zvakanyorwa kuti Republic of Crimea ndiye anotonga mamiriro mukati Ukraine. purezidhendi Crimea wakatangwa muna zvinotevera gore. Yuri Meshkov akava sarudzo democratic uye akava wokutanga purezidhendi zvokuvhoterwa. Asi maererano nemitemo Ukraine, sarudzo zvose izvi zvakanga zvisiri pamutemo, muna 1995, Leonid Kuchma chabvisa remitemo Crimea muna 1992 gore. Chete pashure yakawanda approvals muna 1998 akabvuma Constitution of zvionera Republic of Crimea (zvionera Republic of Crimea). kunze hurumende mamiriro nokuda kuCrimea - chikuru basa yave aurayiwa. mutauro Russian, pamwe Crimean wechiTatar, akagashira pamutemo chinzvimbo uye kuzivikanwa sezvo mutauro yokukurukurirana dzakawanda. Kunyange zvakadaro, kodzero kuzvionera of Crimea havana zvakazara pachena uye kwakakonzera gakava zvose muUkraine muna Crimea. The Constitution haana kusvikira 1998, kunoenderana nemitemo kuUkraine muna ramangwana sezvo nokusawirirana.

Kusawirirana pamusoro kuzvionera

Kwemakore anopfuura 20 muUkraine haana abate makakatanwa pamusoro Crimean kuzvionera rweUkraine. Vatariri Vazhinji Verkhovna Batsirai akakurudzira kuramba Republic of ayo mamiriro, akatendeuka nezvomuenzaniso 1946. Zvikarakadzo dzakaitwa kuti abate-Ukrainian zvose plebiscite panyaya. Yakati kuti ivepo anoputsa kuvimbika uye kubatana mamiriro. Nokudaro, vanhu Crimea haangatongovi takachengeteka, yakatsiga uye rakachengeteka. Uyezve nemiitiro aifarira-Russian munzvimbo iyi akaramba zvakanaka simba, uye kuramba vachishandisa Sevastopol Russian Black Sea Fleet.

Mbudo kubva kuUkraine

Nezvokumutswa nevezvematongerwo dambudziko muUkraine uye nokusimbaradza Anti-Russian kufamba mukunopera 2013 - mangwanani 2014, ari Crimean zviremera vakaramba kundodana kudzorerwa kuti munyika. Asi Kiev "the maidan" zvakakonzera yokudzingwa nevanhu akasarudzwa President uye kuchinjwa kwesimba kodzero-bapiro enyika okunyanyisa mapoka. Panyaya iyi, muCrimea mukupera February, vakatanga kushingaira uye kusarudza nezviito mauto aifarira-Russian, vaiona zvinoita kwete kubatanidzwa wokuUkraine zviitiko, achibva vanopandukira States. Pasinei aipopoterwa Europe, Russia akatsigira urongwa pamusoro kuCrimea uye kunyange akatuma mauto Peninsula kuti vadzivise zvichibvira nokurwisana kubva Kiev zviremera. Zvichitevera referendamu, navatanhatu muna March 2014 zvakakwanisika kudare nehurumende Russian Federation aine chikumbiro kutora Authority uye guta Sevastopol muna of Russian mamiriro. Nekukurumidza, zvisarudzo zvose vakabvumirana pamusoro pakati mapazi ehurumende. Map of kuCrimea kubva zvemachira yero-zvitema chena, zvitema uye tsvuku noruvara reRussia vakawanda Internet kutsvaka injini.

Crimea uye Sevastopol - nyaya Russian Federation

Saka, muna March 2014 mu Russia zvakabatanidzwa sezvo yoga masangano Sevastopol uye Crimea. Kuzvionera, nokuti icho saka refu akarwa vanhu Peninsula, akarega kuvapo, asi pane Republic of Crimea. Vasati January 1, 2015 yakazivisa imwe Transitional nguva umo vasina Nokurasikirwa kuruzhinji unofanira kuenda kuburikidza nedanho kusangana. Kukura Constitution uye kuitika mitemo, panguva ino anoita The 1998 Constitution of ARC. The dzakawanda haana vakaziva reunification of Crimea pamwe kuRussia (kunyange ine chinokosha wenhoroondo, upfumi uye magariro evanhu), asi haina kunetsa kana Russian kana Crimean hurumende. Kiev Anoongororawo zviri kuitika sezvo Russian basa mundima yavo. Mberi kurwira dzakawanda pamutemo.