Russian ndege kuti WWII. Russian ndege yokutanga

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics muhondo yave yekudyidzana zvakawedzera uye nani nehwaro zvikepe zvavo. Kana ari thirties sechikamu zvikepe yakanga hunodzorwa ndege vemamwe gadzira, kuti kubudikidza pakati hondo yakanga hunodzorwa Russian nemauto ndege.

Prerequisites nokuti kukura Soviet muchiuto avhiyesheni

Kuvaka Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, vaifunga zvizere kuzvionera vamwe matavi, ingava maindasitiri, zvokurima kana zvechiuto. Zvisinei, panguva mhesano pakati maviri uye thirties ndege rengarava ndege vaitenga. A ndege Russian vakanga chete yakasimbiswa svosve 2 uye svosve-9 kugadzirwa patani Tupolev. Zvinetso aviavooruzheniya Red Army panguva iyoyo vaiva:

- yechinyakare yokutevedzera motokari;

- murombo hwokugadzira mamiriro ezvinhu ndege;

- neunifitsirovannost (guru kupararira mienzaniso uye mavanga hatibvumiri kuti optimize kuti kupembedza nhengo Database).

Inotungamirwa muchiuto ndege isati World

Positive zvachinja indasitiri vakauya pokugadzwa Moscow Aviation Institute. The chidzoke ane pechikuva edzidzo akapa kuwedzera kwenhamba vanachiremba vari mafekitari ndege uye magadzirirwo bureaus.

Hurumende Soviet mari yakawanda yevanhu uye mari iri ndege Russian. Nechekare nokuti yechipiri pre-hondo-gore mashanu vagadziri ndege akanga akasiyana kugadzirwa uzere kutenderera hwaro. It anoita basa General Secretary Stalin kusika munhu avhiyesheni ano. Pakati pezana remakore thirties wekupedzisira bvunzo kutiza wokutanga bhomba Soviet, zvakavigwa pasi rehurumende senga chikepe. ndege yokutanga Russian, iyo zvino vaiitawo mukurwa Hondo Yenyika II, vezvikepe vakadzidziswa Levanevsky, Vodop'yanov, Grizodubov nevamwe.

varwi Tests vakanga kuitwa kwose. Somuenzaniso, kuSpain muna 1937. Ipapo ndege Polikarpov vaedzwa, ivo zvizivikanwe I-16 Ini-15 uye. Zvisinei, migumisiro vaiva mwoyo. Machinery yekudyidzana akarasikirwa vakwikwidzi ayo German.

Stalin haana stint pamusoro mubayiro uye zvinhu dzinounzwa kuna Russian ndege. Varwi vacho radioosnastku, uyewo kuburikidza kukura itsva zvinhu sainzi hwakakanyiwa mazano, izvo yekudyidzana nani chokupika unhu yetsiva nemotokari.

Ndege isati hondo

Zvakajeka inoratidza pre-hondo ezvinhu avhiyesheni hondo indasitiri waivako Defense commissar Voroshilov pamusoro Central Committee plenum muna March 1939. Mushumo ake akatsanangura chinokosha zvibereko Aviation Soviet Union. Kunyanya, Air Force, sezvo kufananidzwa 1934 gore, gore negore nokuwedzera 138 muzana. Vanoverengeka ndege yakawedzera 1,3 nguva.

Ratio. Ndege uye varwi

Kunyanya munosimbiswa pamusoro rinorema Ndege. Zvaidavirwa kuti kwehwamanda kadhi pakurwisa mauto Western. Naizvozvo, inorema Ndege rwaigara chikamu chinokosha zvikepe. varwi Park yave yakawedzera 2.5 nguva.

Tichiregeredza Russian ndege vakaiswa ive chaizvoizvo itsva chechetere. Pane yave kwakatanga uye kuisa oparesheni Motors M-25 simba 715 horsepower mhepo kutonhora inokwana 100 M-750 horsepower, kushandisa aqueous kutonhora hurongwa. Kunonyanyisa kukwira ndege rakawedzera uye vakasvika 14-15 zviuru mamita. Ndege vava kupfuura streamlined chimiro, ungaderedza kuramba mhepo apparatuses. Production kukura kwakaita zvakakurudzira pakatanga dzichidirana uye tsika Kuumbwa.

Pakazosvika 1941, yakatanga kubva Soviet Union Ndege ndege vaionekwa anobudirira zvikuru third, Yak uye LAGG. Problem zvakazivikanwa sezvo IL-2, iyo nguva achiudza. Maererano nzira kuti "Wakachena Sky", yainorongwa kuti asunungurwe kumativi 100,000 ndege SU-2, iro isina kumboitika kudanwa mumhepo mauto yakaitwa.

Kwehondo

The kutanga 8:00 Germany yakarwisa Soviet Union muna 1200 Soviet ndege vakaparadzwa, kusanganisira vakawanda airfields zvose zvakachengetwa. In yokutanga yezana gore Luftwaffe akatonga Soviet. Planes I-15, I-16 chezvematongerwe anorasikirwa Latest yechiFascist "Messerschmidt" uye "Junker". Dzimwe nguva kunyange ndege vakwegura kukwanisa kubudirira kukunda aviaduelyah. Kwemwedzi ndege Russian akaparadza anenge 1300 German mhepo dzakabatana.
Mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, kugadzirwa vaimbopota ndege ikaurawa kusvika mana nguva. Rakanga chokuita chokwadi kuti vanhu vokuGermany akaswedera Moscow, uye akamanikidzira kubvisa pa- kugadzira zvivako, izvo zvibereko pagondobwe avhiyesheni indasitiri. Naizvozvo, muna 1941 chirongwa pagadzirwe mhando dzose ndege zvechiuto chakaitwa muzana 40 chete.

With kushanda ari anobviswa emakambani mamiriro ezvinhu akavandudzika zvinokosha, uye kubudikidza 1944 dzendege vakagamuchira rwisana motokari anenge 100 zuva nezuva. Mazuvaano akamuka zvachose zvivezwa zvose. Kubva nani ndiko kupa tensak-3, LA-5, IL-10, Pe-2, tensak-9.

Growth rate zvinogona yakawana gore negore;

- 1942 - 25 400 motokari.

- 1943 - 34 900 motokari.

- 1944 - 40 300 motokari.

By 1944 Soviet Union yakanga kupfuura Nazi Germany muna uwandu ndege ne 2.7 nguva. Chimwe chikonzero chaiva kumhanya peungano. Magadzirirwo evadzimi yedu zvikuru yakasarira kupfuura Vagadziri German uye American. Zvechokwadi, kwete nguva dzose kunaka aviaproduktsii yaiva nyasha Soviet ndege indasitiri.

Russian ndege kuti WWII. SS2

The muchina yakazokudziridzwa muna 1937 muna Tupolev kugadzirwa Bureau inotungamirwa Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi. Pakutanga, ndege ainzi "pedyo-1 bhomba" uye wakabudiswa aine M-88 injini ine 1100 horsepower. Su-2 yakabereka pa miti matatu. The kutiza nokukurumidza of Su-2 - anopfuura 490 km / h uye kukwira ndiyo 6000 mamita. On bhodhi wakabatwa 6 zvigwagwagwa. Bhomba mutoro SS2 zvakasiyana.

SU-2 - mumwe rokutanga bhomba akapinda hondo. It anoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Zvakanga dzakwidzwa upgraded kuna SU-4.

Yak-9

Pakati varwi pokuita Second World War, ndiko kupa muenzaniso uyu. Kunyange kana isu enzanisa mufananidzo Russian ndege Yak-9 ine zvayo kunze Kugadzira pachavo. Rakanga mune 1942. Hwaro raiva Yak-7b. By kutsiva yematanda zvikamu kuti aruminiyamu kwave yekudyidzana akaderedza uremu anorwisa. The chombo mubhazi raiva inorema pfuti uye kanoni. Ndege akanga kwazvo mukugadzirisa unhu, vaifambisa zvakanaka uye aiva nyore kushandisa. Iyewo akahwina rapfuura yokutevedzera panguva kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza uye siyana. zviratidzi izvi zvakanga chinyorwa zvose 1944, kirasi ndege. zvivako izvi kubvumira dzakatsarukana kurwisana ne vaitungamirira uto ndege muvengi.
Ndege kugadzirwa akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze makore mashomanana pashure kuguma ruvengo. Uye vose vakasunungurwa vanenge 16.800 motokari zvechiuto mushanduro dzakawanda.