Yemasvomhu Euclid: a Biography pamusoro musayendisiti, akazaruka uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Tinopa iwe kuti Kunyatsoziva yemasvomhu huru sezvo Euclid. Biography, pfupiso basa rake guru uye zvimwe zvinofadza zvinenge musayendisiti ichi vari munyaya iyi. Euclid (Makore oupenyu - 365-300 BC ..) - yemasvomhu, kureva ndero yaitonga. Akashanda muAlexandria pasi Ptolemy I Soter. Pane shanduro mbiri chikuru apo akaberekwa. Maererano rokutanga - muAtene, maererano wechipiri - mu Tire (weSiria).

Biography pamusoro Euclid: Interesting Facts

About upenyu ichi musayendisiti anozivikanwa kwete zvikuru. Pane mashoko rinopiwa Pappa Alexandria. Murume uyu akanga ari yemasvomhu aigara 2nd yezana 3rd remakore AD. Akacherechedza kuti tiri kufarira musayendisiti aiva nomutsa uye munyoro pamwe navose vari sezvineiwo kubatsira kukura avo kana zvimwe sayenzi akarongeka.

Panewo yezvechitendero kuti akati Archimedes. hunhu Its chikuru - Euclid. Brief Biography vana yemanyorero kunosanganisa ngano, sezvo zviri kuziva chaizvo uye zvinogona vaunze kufarira pamasvomhu muduku vaverengi. Rinotaura kuti King Ptolemy aida kudzidza geometry. Zvisinei, ndakaona kuti hazvisi nyore kuita. Ipapo mambo akadana nyanzvi Euclid, uye akamubvunza kana paine nzira nyore kunzwisisa nesayenzi. Asi Euclid akapindura kuti hapana youmambo unoenda geometry. Saka kuratidza kuti yava mapapiro, akauya kwatiri muchimiro ngano.

Pakutanga 3rd remakore BC. e. Iye nheyo Alexandria Museum uye Library of Alexandria Euclid. Brief Biography uye ake zvakawanwa chokuita masangano maviri aya, riri kudzidzisa ari nzvimbo.

Euclid - a mboni Plato

musayendisiti Izvi vakayambuka Academy yakavakirwa Plato (asian ake anoratidzwa pazasi). Akadzidza chikuru pfungwa iyi anofunga kwouzivi iyo ndechokuti pane yoga nyika pfungwa. Zvinokuchengetedzai kutaura kuti Euclid, ane Biography ari kuomera pamwe mashoko, aiva Platonist uzivi. setup kwakasimbisa musayendisiti ichi kunzwisisa kuti zvinhu zvose zviri akasika uye anorondedzerwa naye ake "Principia," ane kusingagumi.

Tiri kuziva Munhu anofunga uyo akaberekwa makore 205 pashure Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras, muna '63 - Platon, 33 - Eudoxus, 19 - Aristotle. Akasangana dzavo nemabasa nevazivi uye akarongeka kana yakazvimiririra kana kuburikidza vanozoshanda.

Communication "Elements" pamusoro Euclid nemabasa mamwe nyanzvi

Proclus, muzivi-Platonist (Makore oupenyu - 412-485), munyori anotaura pamusoro "pakutanga", akataura kuti basa iri zvinoratidza cosmology dzaPlato uye "Pythagorean dzidziso ...". Paaidzidza Euclid akataura dzidziso yendarama chikamu (mabhuku 2nd, 6th uye 13th) uye kugara polyhedra (Book rechi13). Sezvo mutsigiri vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza musayendisiti akaziva kuti ake "Nako" vanobatsira kuti cosmology dzaPlato uye pfungwa yakataurwa vamutangira, ane nhamba zvinoenderana kunozivisa zvose.

Kwete imwe Proclus vakaonga Platonic nezvishoma uye yendarama chikamu. Iogann Kepler (Makore oupenyu - 1571-1630) asingafaririwo pavo. Izvi muongorori wenyeredzi wokuGermany akataura kuti geometry ane pfuma maviri - ndiye yendarama reshiyo (weboka chimedu pakati uye kure ukama) uye Pythagorean theorem no. Kukosha vokupedzisira vaakaita kuenzaniswa nendarama, uye wokutanga - ibwe rinokosha. Iogann Kepler akashandisa Platonic nezvishoma pakasikwa ake cosmological pfungwa.

Kukosha 'Started "

Bhuku "Start" - ndiro basa guru, iro akasikwa Euclid. The Biography Musayendisiti ichi Chokwadi, kuzivikanwa uye mamwe mabasa, izvo isu tsanangura gare gare munyaya. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti basa rinonzi "Start", wakaiswa zvose zvinokosha zviri yokungotaura svomhu uye geometry, uye rakanyorwa nenzira kwayo vamutangira. Mumwe wavo - Hippocrates pamusoro neKiyo, mudzidzi wemasvomhu uyo akararama 5th remakore BC. e. Theudas (2nd yezana 4th remakore BC. E.) Uye Leontes (4th remakore BC. E.) Uyewo akanyora bhuku iroro rokuremekedza. Zvisinei, nokuuya kwakaita Euclidean "Ndakatanga" mabasa ose aya vasiyiwa kushandiswa. bhuku Euclid chaiva chikuru bhuku iri geometry kwemakore anopfuura 2 zviuru zvemakore. Scientist kusika basa rake, achishandisa vazhinji nebudiriro vamutangira. Euclid akaita kupatsanurwa mashoko aripo uye zvinhu vakauya pamwe chete.

Mubhuku rake rinonzi, munyori muchidimbu kukura wemasvomhu muGirisi yekare uye zvakasikwa hwaro hwakasimba mamwe matongo. Izvi zvinorevei Euclid basa guru kuti nyika uzivi, masvomhu, uye zvose sainzi yose. Zvingava kururama kudavira kuti kusimbisa zvitendwa dzaPlato uye Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras mu psevdomirozdanii yavo.

Masayendisiti akawanda zvinofungidzirwa kuti "kutanga" pamusoro Euclid, kusanganisira Albert Einstein. Akacherechedza kuti izvi zvinoshamisa chigadzirwa kuti akapa pfungwa dzevanhu pakuzvivimba zvakakodzera kuti vawedzere basa. Einstein akati kuti munhu asina zvinoyemurwa achiri muduku chisikwa ichi haina yakaberekerwa yokungotaura tsvakurudzo.

axiomatic nzira

Pane rimwe katsamba kukosha basa musayendisiti tiri kufarira kwakajeka akaratidza axiomatic nzira yake 'Principia ". Nzira iyi masvomhu ano ndiyo zvakakura waavo anoshandiswa kururamisa pfungwa. In hurongwa, rinoshandiswawo nevakawanda. The musayendisiti mukuru Newton akavaka "Principles of Natural Philosophy" basa womuenzaniso izvo akasika Euclid.

Biography inotifadza munyori anopfuurira kurondedzera chikuru zvokudya basa rake guru.

The chikuru zvokudya "pakutanga"

Mubhuku "Principles" pakusimuka zvakanyatsorongwa Euclidean geometry. batanidza maitiro ayo kwakavakirwa pfungwa dzakadai mundege, kururamisa, pfungwa, kufamba. Relations zvinoshandiswa mairi, zvinotevera: "pfungwa iri yakarurama mutsetse avete ndege" uye "nguva iri pakati mamwe maviri pfungwa."

System mugadziriro Euclidean geometry, anounzwa mharidzo rechimanjemanje, kazhinji akatsemura muzvikwata 5 axioms: inofamba, kurongeka, akaramba, uye mubatanidzwa kufanana kwakaita Euclid.

Mabhuku gumi nenhatu ari "mavambo" Masayendisiti akapa uye svomhu, stereometry, planimetry, ukama pakati Eudoxus. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mharidzo basa iri zvachose deductively. The tsananguro rinotanga bhuku ose Euclid, uye wokutanga vavo vakatevera axioms uye postulates. Uyezve pane vaitaura pamusoro kupatsanura mabasa (apo zvakafanira kuti chero akavaka) uye Theorem (apo iwe kuzviratidza chinhu).

Kushaya samhu Euclid

The chikuru drawback ndechokuti musayendisiti ichi axiomatic haina kukwana. No axiom inofamba, akaramba uye kurongeka. Naizvozvo, kazhinji masayendisiti kuvimba ziso, kushandiswa kunzwisisa. Books rechi14 uye rechi15 - a kuchangobva kuwedzera basa, munyori iyo - Euclid. Biography ake ane pfupi chaizvo, saka haugoni kuti chokwadi kana mabhuku 13 okutanga vakasikwa nomumwe munhu kana dzinokonzerwa seboka basa chikoro, izvo akatungamirirwa musayendisiti.

Pakuzadzisa nesayenzi

The kwaita Euclidean geometry Rinobatanidzwa ne panowanikwa ziso mifananidzo munyika yakatipoteredza (the mwaranzi yechiedza, akatambanudza filament somufananidzo netwumatanda mitsetse uye zvichingodaro. N.). Ivo kwakawedzera, saka kuti paiva zvakawanda tiivistelmä kunzwisisa sayenzi iyi, sezvo geometry. N. I. Lobachevsky (Makore oupenyu - 1792-1856) - Russian yemasvomhu akaita rinokosha zvinoshamisa. Akacherechedza kuti pane geometry zvakasiyana kubva Euclidean. It zvachinja pfungwa masayendisiti 'pamusoro muchadenga. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti havasi munhu priori. Nemamwe mashoko, geometry kusimuka "Zvinoumba" pakati Euclid, haagoni kunzi chete rinorondedzera ehupfumi ari nzvimbo dzinoitwa nesu. Kugadzirwa rwokuzvarwa sayenzi (kunyanya muchadenga wefizikisi) kwakaratidza kuti zvinonyatsorondedzera mamiriro chete neumwe zvakarurama. Uyezve, hazvigoni kune yose nzvimbo yose. Euclidean geometry - ndiwo nzira yokutanga kunzwisisa nokurondedzerwa kwayo mamiriro.

Zviya, Lobachevsky mugumo kwakanga kuchirwadza. Akanga asina kugamuchirwa munyika zvesayinzi ushingiwo pfungwa dzavo. Zvisinei, kutamburira kuti musayendisiti haana pasina. Yakunda pfungwa inopiwa Lobachevsky, Gauss, ane tsamba zvakabudiswa mumakore 1860. Pakati tsamba paiva Madhindindi wongororo pamusoro musayendisiti Lobachevsky geometry.

Other anoshanda Euclid

kufarira Great munguva yedu ndiyo Biography kuti Euclid semusayendisiti. In masvomhu, akaita zvinhu zvinokosha. Izvi zvinosimbiswa nechokwadi chokuti kubvira 1482 bhuku "mavambo" rine mabhuku anopfuura mazana mashanu mumitauro. Zvisinei, kuti Biography pamusoro yemasvomhu Euclid segwapa kwete chete kusikwa bhuku rino. Iye ane nhamba nemabasa ari optics, nezvenyeredzi, zvisingarambiki, mumhanzi. Mumwe wavo - bhuku "Data", iro rinorondedzera zvinhu zvinoita kuti kufunga kuti "" ichi kana kuti akarongeka maximal mufananidzo. Other anoshanda Euclid - bhuku pamusoro optics, iro rine mashoko nezveremangwana. Tiri kuziva musayendisiti akanyora rondedzero uye catoptrics (akaisa mubasa iri dzidziso nokumonyaniswa yomuka mugirazi). Anozivikanwa uye bhuku Euclid rinonzi "weboka nenhamba." Basa masvomhu "The mhedziso venhema", zvinosuruvarisa haana vakapona.

Saka, sei wasangana masayendisiti makuru akadai Euclid. Brief Biography kwaari, ndinovimba, kubatsira kwauri.