Idzidziso yepamusoro: pfungwa uye nheyo. Nhoroondo yezvidzidzo. Maitiro uye maitiro

Nhasi, haukwanise kusangana nemurume uyo, pamusana wake wokutanga anoziva, anowira pamabvi rimwe kana kuti akasungira uta hwake pasi. Vakadzi havachagadziviriri, varume vanowanzosvoda ruoko rwevakadzi, hapana anoziva mapurisa kana zvikamu zvemazurka. Nechishamiso chipi icho madzitateguru edu anotitarisa kwatiri! Mushure mezvose, kwavari tsika yakadaro yepanyika yakanga iri nyaya yekushambadzira uye kunyange yakamanikidzwa, yakatsanangura kuvapo kwekurerwa, tsika dzakanaka uye tsika. Izvo uye nei zvikonzero nemitemo yehutsika munzvimbo yakakwirira yevanhu yakachinja nekufamba kwenguva, nyaya ino ichataura.

Chii chinonzi "tsika yekunamata" inorevei?

Iyi tsanangudzo inosanganisira mararamiro akanaka uye anorongedza miganhu yekuzvibata kwevanhu. Zivo yemitemo yemaitiro ezuva ranhasi inogona kubatsira munhu kugadzirisa nzvimbo yake, kufadza, kusimbisa mukurumbira wemunhu akachenjera uye munhu anoteerera. Zvisinei, kuti uwane maonero akafanana pamusoro pako pachako isayenzi chaiye. Icho chaitaura nemarudzi ose akamborarama kare, saka mamwe emakurukota kusvikira nhasi ano aishanda kunze, pasinei ne periodic kuchinja mumitambo, zvinonaka, maonero enyika. Pasinei nenguva uye nguva, tarisiro dzevanhu mune ruremekedzo neruremekedzo kune mumwe munhu rwakaramba rusingashanduki - nguva dzose dzaisanganisira kuvapo kwekutendeseka, pfungwa yekuchenjerera uye kukudzwa, kukwanisa kuzvibata patafura, mueni, panzvimbo yevanhu, kukwanisa kutanga nekuchengetedza hurukuro.

Kubudirira kwetsika

Nhoroondo yemaitiro ndiyo inowanzobatanidzwa mupfungwa dzevanhu vakawanda neFrance, England uye dzimwe nyika dzeEurope, semuenzaniso, Germany. Zvisinei, havakwanisi kunzi nzvimbo yekuberekwa kwekuzvarwa kwekunamata! Pano, kwenguva yakareba, kwaive nekupararira kwekusaziva, kunyengera, kusaziva, kuremekedza simba nesimba. Etiquette yega inobhadhara kubva kuItaly, iyo iga, zvichienderana nesimba rayo rezvematongerwe enyika, yakabuda, kunyanya muAsia Middle Ages, maererano nemamiriro ezvimwe zvematongerwo enyika. Saka, kusvika pakati pezana remakore rechi16, England yakaramba iine nyika isina hanya nemitemo yeropa nekuda kwekusava nehanya muhondo itsva. Panguva ino, guta reItaly-misha yakazvimiririra yakave yakapfuma, yakabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kweunyanzvi uye, hongu, mukuedza kurongedza nekugadzirisa hupenyu hwavo pachavo, zvishoma nezvishoma zvakatadza musimboti wehutsika. IGermany yenguva iyi, yakafanana neEngland, yakabatanidzwa muhondo yakafanana inouraya, iyo iyo yakasarudzwa nevakasununguka kwenguva yakareba isina kubviswa. UFrance yakangozikanwa chete simba remasimba, hondo uye kurwisana.

Iyi ndiyo kutanga kwekuberekwa kwehutano, huwandu hwakaenzana nemakona ayo kusvika panguva ino. Ichokwadi, hatifaniri kufunga kuti, sekuMiddle Ages, pakange pasina maitiro ezvigadzirwa munyika. Vakatora musimboti pakarepo mushure mekunge munhu wacho aonekwa, uye saka, kune imwe huru kana zvishoma, vaifambidzana nevanhu kubva kare kare. Mushure mezvose, kunamatira kwezvinhu uye vanamwari vemo vanogonawo kuonekwa semimwe mitemo yekuzvibata. Kare yeGreece, somuenzaniso, yakabatsirawo pakuvandudzirwa kwemitemo yenyika: kune zvakakosha zvevaGiriki ndiko kusikwa kwetafura uye tsika dzebhizimisi.

Nhoroondo yekufambira mberi kwekutevedza tsika

Nzvimbo yehutano huri mukubudirira kwayo yakauya nenzira yakareba. Zvishoma nezvishoma, apo mauto eEurope akatanga kutora pfungwa yakajeka uye yakajeka, pfungwa yekuremekedzwa yakaonekwa. Yakarongedza mitemo yekuzvibata kwevashandi, avo vakatanga kushanda semumwe wevakuru vamiririri vevanhu vakadzidza vane yavo, yakasiyana, tsika yepamusoro. Maererano nemutemo wekukudza, mucheche aifanira kuzvisarudzira iye Mukadzi Akanaka wemwoyo, kurwisana nekumukunda, kuti ave nekukwanisa kuverenga mavhesi nenziyo mukuremekedza vadikanwa, kwete kutarisira mhinduro kubva kumativi ake uye kutamba chess zvakanaka. Zvechokwadi, yakagadzirirwa mitemo uye kuwanika kweunhu hwakadaro hwevane simba uye unyanzvi sekugona kukwanisa kunyatsoziva zvombo, kutasva bhiza, kukwanisa kuratidza ushingi, kutsunga uye kusatya panguva yakakodzera.

Izvo tsika dzevanhu venyika dzenguva iyoyo dzakapa tsika dzakadaro dzinozivikanwa kuvanhu nhasi, kufanana nekuzunungusa maoko kana musangano kana kubvisa musoro wepamusoro. Zvose munguva ye chivalry dzakasimbisa kusakosha kwechido chekuuraya mutauriri uye yakashandiswa kuratidza vavariro dzakanaka uye maitiro akanaka. Zvechokwadi, nhasi munhu anozununguka maoko kamwe neshamwari angatomboziva kunyange nezvekukosha kwechiito ichi chakanga chiri munyika yepakati peEurope!

Chikamu chinotevera, icho chinoratidzira nhoroondo yezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro, ndiyo yeRenaissance (Renaissance) nguva. Kubudirira kwekufambira mberi kwekambani, sayenzi uye unyanzvi zvakakonzera kuwedzera kuyanana pakati penyika, semugumisiro wekuti mitemo yehutano yakagadzira danho rakakura mberi, rave rakafanana nedzidzo uye kukwirira kwevanhu. Zvizhinji zvakapararira zvaiva nemitemo yakadai sekugeza maoko vasati vadya, vachishandisa bvudzi uye kukwanisa kuvanzwisisa, vachicherechedza mafambiro akasiyana-siyana mumapfeko, kusakosha kwebombast uye paneche.

Mune ramangwana, pfungwa yehumbozha yakashandura nekuenderera mberi, kuzadza kana kusina nechitsva, uye zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana kubva panguva yekuitika. Ndizvo chete zvakanakisisa uye zvakanyanya kudiwa zvakasarudzwa, chimwe chinhu chinogona kuratidza munhu wacho sechiremera chakazvimiririra uye chinoratidzira icho muchikamu chekuziva kwemitemo yemutsika. Nhasi, izvi zvinenge zvisati zvapera - zvinyorwa zvehutano hazvikwanisi, zvinenge zvichiri kuchinja nekuvandudza. Nekuuya kwemashure matsva, mitemo mitsva yekuzvibata inoonekwa zvakare.

Uye chii chaiva nehumbozha muRussia?

Kuvepo kwekutanga kwetsika dzekunyika munharaunda yeRussia yemazuva ano kunogona kufananidzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu ari kuitika munyika dzinotanga kuitika dzekuMiddle Europe. Nzira dzakarongwa zvakajeka nemitemo yakadaro yakanga isati yasvika kusvikira pakupera kweChishanu-kutanga kwezana remakore re XVIII, kureva, kusvikira chigaro choumambo chakasimudzwa nemudzidzisi uye anovandudza Petro I. Mberi kwake, bhuku rose rezvinyorwa zveRussia raiva Domostroy, iyo Yakaiswa pasi nheyo dzehupenyu hwemhuri nekurima, maererano nezvake murume aiva musoro asingatauri weimba, aigona kurova mudzimai wake, uyewo nekuzvimirira zvakagadzirirwa maererano nemaitiro netsika zvavaizogara. Petro akaona mune izvi chivako chekare, chisina kukodzera kuenderera mberi, uye saka akweretwa kubva kuEurope mabhuku akawanda achidzidzisa tsika dzepanyika.

Mazuva ano maitiro ehutano uye avo vanojaira kune munhu kubva munhau

Nhasi vanhu, kuwedzera kune dare, kare, maitiro, anozivawo mazita anotevera:

• Dare - tsika netsika, izvo zvaive zvakakosha pakucherechedza kudare remadzimambo. Izvi zvakanyatsorongedzwa uye zvinosunga mitemo. Nokuda kwekusateerera kwavo (somuenzaniso, kwete kupfugama pamberi peumambo hweumambo), zvaive zvichikwanisika kuenda kune scaffold. Uyu maitiro ekuremekedza anoshandiswa mazuva ano mune zvinyorwa nenzira yehurumende yehurumende.
• Dzakabvumirano ndiyo mitemo yezvidzidzo zvepanyika zvinodzora mufambiro wevamiririri uye nzira yekubatana kwavo pamwe chete panguva yemusangano, mukukurukurirana, pamutambo, nezvimwewo. Izvozvi maitiro ehutano akave akagadzira kare kare, asi anoramba aripo kusvikira nhasi.
• Rudo rwemhare runotungamirirwa nekuvapo kwechirairo chakasiyana uye tsika dzakagadzirwa kwenguva yakareba dzinosarudza mufambiro wevanhu vose vanobatanidzwa muchiuto chehondo. Izvi zvinosanganisira tsika uye tsika dzehutano mune zvose zviri kushanda uye zvisingabatsiri zviitiko zvebasa, mumasangano evanhu, mukushanda kwekwaziso nemadhorosi ane maitiro edzidziso uye haashandisi mune mamwe mararamiro ehupenyu.
• Unyanzvi - rudzi rwehumbozha, rwakawana hukuru hukuru kuburikidza nemakore makumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri nemazana emakore nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwebasa hwakabatanidzwa nekutanga kwezvesayenzi yekufambira mberi kwesayenzi. Zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehuwandu kubva kumakondinendi ose zvakatanga kuve zvakanyanyobatanidzwa mumabasa ezvemhizha, izvo zvakaguma nekuwedzera kukuru kwehutsika hunoshanda hwehuyu.
• Vavakidzani uye tsika dzebhizimisi dzinowanikwa pamwe chete nevanyanzvi, iyo inotonga mitemo yekukurukurirana kwevakuru vakuru kune umwe neumwe mukushanda kwemabasa avo ehurumende.
• Gavhuna (anonziwo maitiro kana kuti zvakananga zvenyika) - ndiyo pfungwa yakakura kupfuura dzose, sezvo inosanganisira mararamiro akafanana emitemo, mitemo, magungano uye tsika dzinoshandiswa nevanhu kuti vataurirane. Zvose zvinoshandiswa nehupfumi hwevanhu, saizvozvo, ndiyo inowanikwa kune dzimwe nyika dzose.
• Hurukuro inoratidziro yemaitiro anosimbisa mitauro yemitauro inofungidzira kugadzirisa ruzivo rwemashoko ekunyora uye chirongwa chemurimi, uyewo kukwanisa kuratidza mafungiro avo zvakajeka uye zvakajeka uye kuvaudza kune vamwe. Iyi ndiyo chikamu chinosungirwa, chinowanikwa mumhando dzose dzakataurwa pamusoro apa, sezvo inyanzvi yekunyora nekutaura zvakanaka ndiyo nheyo dzemitemo chero ipi zvayo.

Iye zvino ndiyo nguva yekufunga musiyano pakati pemafungiro e "maitiro uye maitiro." Vanokwanisa nyore nyore kuvhiringidzika, asi mumwe nomumwe wavo ane chimwe chirevo, chakasiyana nedzimwe shoko.

Maitiro uye maitiro: kusiyana uye kufanana

Kana icho chiri chirevo chiri kutsanangurwa kare pamusoro, inguva yekuziva kuti izwi rokuti "maitiro" rinowiri mukati mairo. Iyi pfungwa ndeyekutsvaga kwetsika nemafungiro kubva pakufunga kwefilosofi, ndiko kuti, kumitemo yehutano hwevanhu, inoratidzika, ine ukama huri kure kwazvo. Kusiyanana kwemashoko aya kunogona kuratidzwa pachena pane mienzaniso chaiyo, somuenzaniso:

• "Rudo kuna Ishe nemuvakidzani" mutemo unoratidzira mutemo wehutsika.
• "Usaponda, usaba, usachiva" - uyu mutsara, unototsanangurira mazano ehutano (maererano netsika dzechiKristu).

Zvose zviri zviviri zvakagadzirirwa kutungamirira munhu kunzira yezvokwadi, kumudzidzisa kuita mabasa akanaka, kuti aite chiedza chakajeka, mutsa zvenyika. Uku ndiko kufanana kukuru pakati pemashoko "maitiro" uye "maitiro". Wekutanga anotarisa izvo zvinoda kuwanikwa, uye wechipiri - izvo, kuburikidza uye kuti zvinogona sei kushandiswa.

Maitiro ezuva ranhasi: maitiro ekuzvibata sei?

Iye zvino inguva yekuwana kunzwisisa zviri nani zvekuti zvinorevei zvinoreva, ndiko kuti, kuenda zvakananga kumutungamiriri unoshanda wekuita.

Unyanzvi hwemazuva ano huripo hunopa:

• Mafomu ekukwazisa uye achitaura kune mumwe;
• Mitemo yekufambisa panguva yekudya;
• Maitiro emufambiro mune zvimwe zvikamu zvevanhu;
• Mitemo yekukurukurirana, iyo inomiririrawo unyanzvi hwakasiyana nehupenzi hwahwo uye hunyengeri (hurukuro yepanyika);
• Kutendeseka mukutaura nevakadzi;
• Kuremekedza uye kuremekedza mukuru mukuru nezera uye nzvimbo.

Nzira yekuita sei izvozvo, kusiya mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka munzanga, kuzviisa pachedu semunhu akadzidziswa uye akakurumbira?

Etiquette tools

Mitemo yehutsika hwepanyika, iyo inobatanidza kubatana kwepfungwa (kunze) uye tsika uye maitiro (mukati) zvikamu, inopa munhu mumwe nomumwe nhumbi dzezvibatsiro zvebatsiri zvekuzadzisa chinangwa chakakonzerwa- kuti kuve nokuzivikanwa munzanga. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Kuzvininipisa uye kuzvidzora. Unhu uhwu hahuna kufanana nekunyara, kunyara uye kuzvidzora, asi zvakagadziriswa nemafungiro asina kufanira kune mumwe munhu, kusakwanisa kutarisira chero chero ropafadzo, uye chido chekuzviratidza kuvanhu;
• Kunzwa uye kuchenjerera kunozviratidza mukwanisi wekufungisisa nguva ye interlocutor, chinzvimbo chake munzanga, mamiriro ezvinhu uye nzvimbo yekukurukurirana, kusavapo kana kuvapo kwevanhu vari kunze, mafungiro evanhu avo vanokurukurirana vanoitika;
• Kunzwa nezvekuita uye kukwanisa kuzvidzivirira;
• Kugona kudzora zviito zvake;
• Mikana yekushanda zvakanaka.

Kuita zvekudzidzisa, kukudziridza unhu uhwu mukati mako, iwe unogona kuva nechokwadi: nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, kuzivikanwa munharaunda zvichiri kuuya.

Zvinokwanisika here kudzidza ruzivo?

Chokwadi! Parizvino, ani nani anoda kuvandudza unyanzvi hwavo mukubata nevanhu vanovapoteredza anogona kupiwa sarudzo yeboka chero ripi zvaro pachikoro chenyika. Vanodzidzisa vanodzidzisa mawadi avo kukwanisa kuzvibata zvakakodzera patafura, kunzwisisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekugadziriswa, kugadzirisa maitiro ekukurukurirana pamadziro akadzika, efilosofi neavo vanopikisa kuitira kuti kusava nemunhu anokanganisa, kuronga uye kuita zvinogamuchirwa, kuenda kunzvimbo dzevanhu uye nezvimwe zvakawanda. Ichokwadi, chikamu chinokosha chetambo ndicho chikamu che "chikwata chenyika", icho chichabatsira vanhu vasina kuchengetedza vatange kutaura vachitaura zvakanaka, zvakanakisisa uye pasina zvikonzero zvisina kufanira.

Summing up

Saka, ikozvino zvinova pachena kuti muhutano hwekunyika hapana chakaipa. Nheyo dzehumbozha, chaizvoizvo, kusvika pamwero, munhu wose anoziva, iwe unongoda kuzvisarudzira iwe kana iwe uchida humwe huri nani huri nani huripo kana kuti chii, zvakakwana. Mushure meizvi, zvakakosha kana zvakakosha kuzvitora uye kudzidza zvidzidzo zvekunamata kunze kwekubva kumusha, kana kunyora mune imwe nzira inokosha, iyo nhasi inoratidzwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Chinhu chikuru ndechekukurudzira, uye ikoko nekukwira kunyika yakakwirira kwete kure!