Nganonyorwa "Mwoyo Dog": nhoroondo yokusika uye ramangwana

Nganonyorwa "Mwoyo Dog", nhoroondo yokusika iyo kunoratidzwa munyaya ino - imwe yakakurumbira mabasa nevanyori Russian pakati pakutanga XX remakore Mihaila Afanasevicha Bulgakova. Story akanyorwa mumakore okutanga simba Soviet, zvakarurama chaizvo anoratidza mafungiro nezvaiva ari muvanhu itsva. Saka chaizvo chii airambidzwa kudhinda kusvikira perestroika.

Nhoroondo nemabasa kunyora

Nganonyorwa "Mwoyo Dog," nyaya kokusikwa dzakatangira 1925, rakanyorwa Bulgakov mu pfupi. Pfuurei mwedzi mitatu. Sezvingatarisirwa, somunhu akachenjera murume, aiva nokutenda kuduku pakuti munhu chigadzirwa yakadaro inogona kudhindwa. Saka, zviri chete rwapedzwa mazita uye yaizivikanwa chete neshamwari dzake dzepedyo uye neshamwari.

In maoko hurumende yeSoviet vokutanga vakauya muna 1926, ari yokufungidzira "Mwoyo Dog." Munhoroondo girazi ichi mangwanani Soviet chaizvoizvo airidza basa GPU, iro akawana panguva kutsvaka kumunyori musi 7 May. The manyoro zvebazi. Nhoroondo "Mwoyo Dog" Kubvira kare chokuita zvikuru Soviet mapurisa epachivande yamabhuku. All akawana chinyorwa vapepeti ava kuwanika nevaongorori uye mabhuku nevatsoropodzi. Vanogona kuwanikwa Russian State Library. Akachengetwa ari mumanyoro dhipatimendi. Kana vakanyatsoongorora kuongorora nhoroondo "Mwoyo Dog" by Bulgakov kusimuka pamberi penyu pachako.

Fate anoshanda kuMadokero

Pamutemo verenga basa iri muna Soviet Union yakanga shamisa. Mune USSR, zvakanyorwa richiparadzirwa chete mu samizdat. Nhoroondo "Mwoyo Dog" aiziva vose, saka vazhinji vakaedza kuriverenga, kuti zvibayiro hope dzavo. Mushure zvinyorwa vakapfuura kwenguva pfupi nguva (kakawanda chete chete usiku), ari mangwanani aifanira kupa mumwe.

Kuedza kudhinda rondedzero Bulgakov kuMadokero vakatorwa kakawanda. Nhoroondo yokufungidzira "Mwoyo Dog" kunze akatanga muna 1967. Asi zvakaitika pasina mhosva. Mashoko acho akanga zvakakopwa nekukurumidza akangosiyiwa zvawo. Emunyori chirikadzi Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova haana kuziva izvi zvose. Zvikasadaro, yaigona tarisa rakarurama chinyorwa nyaya "Mwoyo Dog." Nhoroondo pakusikwa basa iri Western kubudiswa dzimba ndechokuti chavainacho kururama kwazvo zvinyorwa.

Kokutanga zvakanzi rakabudiswa pamutemo muna 1968 mune German magazini "Faces", iro kwakavakirwa muFrankfurt. Uyewo magazini "Student", izvo zvakaunza Alek Flegon muLondon. Mumazuva iwayo, paiva utongi sanyorwa zvichienderana izvo zvakaitika bhuku ounyanzvi kunze bhuku yaro kumusha kwaita zvisisakwanisiki. Kwakadaro kwaiva nhoroondo yokusika uye "Mwoyo Dog" by Bulgakov. Aionekwa Soviet rokubudisa imba imwe iyoyo kwaingova shamisa.

Racho yokumusha rokutanga

ngaavongwe chete perestroika uye glasnost vaverengi Russian dzawanika vazhinji kiyi mabasa XX remakore. Kusanganisira "Mwoyo Dog." History zvisikwa uye zvichaitika nyaya zvokuti pamba basa yakatanga kubudiswa muna 1987. Zvino mumagazini "Nyeredzi".

Zvisinei, nheyo yakashanda zvose zvakafanana kururama kopi nako nyaya yakadhindwa kwose. Gare gare, vaongorori vanofungidzira kuti raiva kanenge chiuru blunders uye misstatements. Zvisinei, chimiro ichi kusvikira muna 1989 zvakanzi yakadhindwa "Mwoyo Dog." Nhoroondo pfupi vakwane pamapeji shomanana. Kutaura zvazviri, makumi emakore akapfuura pamberi nyaya vakasvika muverengi.

epakutanga

I kugadzirisa ichi yezvinongoerekana inaccuracy anozivikanwa muongorori pamusoro okugadzira zvinhu Bulgakov, mamwe mashoko uye mabhuku mutsoropodzi Lidiya Yankovskaya.

Vaviri-mavhoriyumu shanduro vakasarudzwa mabasa Bulgakov , iye wokutanga kubudiswa epakutanga sezvo isu here nhasi. Saka rakanyorwa Bulgakov pachake ari "Mwoyo Dog." Nhoroondo nyaya, sezvataona, kwaisava nyore.

Zvarongwa nyaya

mabasa chiito kunoitika muna guru muna 1924. Pakati - yakakurumbira wokuvhiya, sainzi chinovheneka Kuvshinov Filippovich Preobrazhensky. tsvakurudzo Ainyanya chinotaura pamusoro rejuvenation womunhu muviri. Uyu ndiye pachimwe kusingaenzaniswi. For yokubvunza uye mabasa kuti zvakanyorwa rinenge munhu nyika yokutanga.

Zvimwe zvidzidzo, akasarudza mumwe ushingiwo chiedzwa. Ndinobvisa imbwa womunhu pituitary. Sezvo mhuka experimental anosarudza kwakajairika kwemba imbwa bhora izvo zvimwe akarovererwa nayo kunze. Consequences kuva chaizvoizvo anokatyamadza. Chinguvana pashure Ball akatanga kurichinja chaiye. Zvisinei, hunhu uye kuziva kuti awana kwete imbwa, uye pamusoro zvidhakwa snapper Klima Chugunkina, uyo muridzi pituitary shwanu.

Pakutanga nyaya zvaizoparadzirwa chete nevaya pakati mapurofesa, asi nokukurumidza leaked kune venhau. Ndakadzidza nezvazvo guta rose. Chitarisiko nevamwe vakayemura uye Ball zvinoratidza vanachiremba kubva munyika. Asi Kuvshinov Filippovich kutanga kunzwisisa chii zvichaitika rinotyisa kuvhiyiwa uku.

Kuchinja Ball

Zvichakadai, pamusoro bhora, izvo ikava zvakakwana munhu, rwunotanga kuva inokanganisa yeutongi nemumiriri Shvonder zita. Kubva kunoparira, kuti proletarian, munomanikidza bourgeoisie, hwaimiririrwa Professor Preobrazhensky. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zviri kuitika, iro akarwa October Revolution.

Rinopa gamba Shvonder magwaro. Haachadi ball Polygraph Polygraphovich balls. Vakaronga kushanda basa kuti kubatwa uye kuparadzwa mhuka rakarasika. Kutanga, zviri Chokwadi, vaifarira nekatsi.

Vachikurudzirwa Shvonder uye echiKomonisiti mabhuku Beads kunotanga unhu muzvinafundo. Kunonyoresa pachavo. Pakupedzisira akanyora kwokupa mhosva vanachiremba vakanga akatendeuka kubva imbwa kuva munhu. All kunoguma muna wokupomera. Preobrazhenisky asingamborevi kushivirira, uye zvakare, anoita neizvi oparesheni, achidzoka imbwa Sharik pituitary. Akazopedzisira anorasikirwa chiso zvayo yevanhu uye vakadzokera brutishness.

political satire

chigadzirwa ichi - muenzaniso unopinza dzakajeka enyika satire. The inonyanya ndiko chokuita pfungwa proletarian kuziva chisinga- somugumisiro yaOctober Revolution. Balls chinhu ndeyokufananidzira nemufananidzo dzekare lumpenproletariat, Iye wakati agamuchira chinhu zvisingatarisirwi vakawanda kodzero uye rusununguko zviri kutanga kuratidza evasingatombonamati zvoudyire.

The yokupedzisira njodzi creators nyaya Sharikova anotarisa foregone mhedziso. Izvi, maererano vaongorori vakawanda, Bulgakov rakafanotaura remangwana uremu repressions of 30s. Somugumisiro, vakatambura vaKomonisiti vakawanda vakavimbika, aiwanisa kukunda mune chimurenga. Somugumisiro mukurwisana vavo vakapfurwa, uye vamwe vakaendeswa kumisasa.

Kuguma zvakare tega Bulgakov, vakawanda sokuti chokunyepera.

Balls - a Stalin

Pane imwe kududzirwa nyaya. Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti chaiva enyika rakapinza satire zveutungamiri munyika, iyo akaita pezana 20s.

Sharikova kumumvuri muupenyu chaihwo huri Iosif Stalin. Kwete mukana kuti "Iron" mhuri zita. Yeuka kuti zita munhu wakasimwa imbwa pituitary yepakutanga - Klim Chugunkin. Maererano mabhuku ichi, zvikabva kushanduka chitarisiko muzvinadzidzo aiva mutungamiriri pokuchinja, Vladimir Lenin. Uye mutevedzeri wake Dr. Bormental kuti iri kugara zvaipesana bhora - ndiye Trotsky, ane chaiye zita - Bronstein. Uye Bormental uye Bronstein - surnames Jewish.

Ko prototypes vamwe vatambi. Assistant Preobrazhenskogo Zina - ndiye Zinoviev, Shvonder - Stone uye Daria - Dzerzhinsky.

Soviet kusenza

Basa rinokosha munhoroondo yokusikwa chidimbu ichi reDare censors eSoviet. Mune wokutanga shanduro yokufungidzira raiva zvakananga anotaura enyika inofananidza nguva.

Bulgakov mumoyo make aitarisira kuparidza. Uye kunyange akarikunda kune almanac "Nadra". Asi kubva ipapo vakasarudza kutuma basa rokuverenga zvaiva zvashandurwa muna Glavlit, uyo aifanira dzinobvumira zviri magazini. Saka zvaiita kuvimbika vapepeti.

Mumwe makopi manyoro vakawira mumaoko Kamenev, uyo vakaisa vaitofanira Kurambidzwa racho yokufungidzira, ichiiti "rakapinza turakiti iri chipo." The samizdat basa vakatanga kupararira mumaoko chete kubvira 30s. Fame sezvo yose akawana papfuura - panguva perestroika