Ndianiko European rokutanga kusvika kumhenderekedzo Australia?

Zvinozivikanwa kuti Colonisation pamusoro Australia akatanga kuonga Zvakawanikwa Jakobho Cook. Ndiye akazivisa nyika itsva vaiva ne Crown, akapa mazita capes uye bays, vakanyora mamiriro ayo nemhenderekedzo yacho. Asi, chokwadi, zvinhu hazvisi nyore. The vokuEurope akatanga kusvika kumahombekombe Australia haina Cook. Akanga vamutangira zhinji, kubhururuka mureza mikuru masimba wengarava nguva: Portugal, Spain, uye Netherlands.

terra australis

Kunyange kare, vokuEurope kunge wafungidzira kuti weSouthern Hemisphere, zvinofanira kuva kondinendi, vakadengezera kuNorthern Hemisphere. Izvi kondinendi ngano kwaibva rakafuridzirwa kuti vatsvakurudzi cartographers. Mukuedza rokuvandudza vokuEurope vaitarisira kuti Terra australis achava mupfumi uye yakaorera. Asi havana kuedza munhu zvakanangwa kutsvaka: chokwadi kuti dzakakwirira latitudes haana kuvimbisa chinhu vezvikepe chakanaka. Vaiva nomukurumbira vavo madutu kugara, uye hapana akananga ari kuda. Kuwedzera taramba vafambisi vechikepe vakatya rizere bvungapfunga. Zvinonzi ekupedzisira, anofungidzirwa, ndivo chikonzero kuti Australia wawanikwa paya pane akapoteredza zvitsuwa.

uwandu hwevanhu

Kana kufunga ndiani akatanga kusvika pamhenderekedzo Australia, zvine musoro kutaura vaAborigine vakanga vagara yacho anenge 40.000 apfuura. madzitateguru avo vakabva Asia uye vakakwanisa kutamira Australia nekuti pamazuva iwayo nyika yakanga siyanei chimiro. Naizvozvo, zvizvarwa vokuAustralia vakanga kure vakasara nyika, tsika dzavo vakashanduka zvishoma nezvishoma. Naizvozvo, vakundi European nenzwi rimwe akavati "wenhamo."

Ndiani akatanga kusvika kumhenderekedzo Australia?

Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi16, Portuguese colonialists nyanzvi Sunda Islands. Local vagari akavaudza venyika nhema kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva. The Portuguese yakawira kurutivi rwokumusoro-dzokumadokero pamhenderekedzo kondinendi, azviongorora akawana maturo. Vamwe uchapupu hwavo kugara pano vakasiya: mashoma emakore pamhenderekedzo nemhembwe Bay akawana Portuguese pfuti.

Pakati pezana remakore rechi16 remakore, zvakanzi yakawanikwa mumwe pasi itsva hama napedyo - Papua (New Guinea). All zviwi zvinowanika latitudes izvi (kazhinji netsaona), vakanga vachinzwisisa sezvo chikamu Unknown South Land, asi kana Portuguese kana chiSpanish haisi ndima itsva vanonakidzwa. Pamhenderekedzo vakanga wakundwa, uye vanhu - varombo. Kunyange zvazvo yakaoma romumhenderekedzo yegungwa mutsetse ave akati omei vakanyora mamiriro ayo, nhoroondo haana akachengetedza zita romutungamiriri, uyo aiva wokutanga European kusvika kweAustralia.

Mabasa East India Company

Pakazosvika nguva kutsvaka Terra australis kuziva muchiDutch, navigators Spanish (Mendanya, Quiros uye Torres) vawana chitsuwa Santa Cruz, uyewo Marquesas uye kuSolomon Islands, uye akaratidza kuti New Guinea Southern Nyika haisi. Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi17, chechi yeDutch akabata Portuguese Sunda Islands, akavamba East India Company uye kuita zvokutengeserana kuIndia uye kuSoutheast Asia.

Courses kuti Dutch ngarava yaiva Asian dzaidzorwa, anoponesa nguva yakawanda, mukuwedzera, akarara huri pedyo tsvagai South Land, iyo Dutch vachishingaira kutsvaka. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti vokuEurope akatanga kusvika kumahombekombe Australia Dutch Mukuru Willem Janszoon. Izvi vane muvhidhiyo uchapupu. Vagari Cape York Peninsula akasangana vezvikepe Yanszon zvinopfuura venga, uye mukuru akachimbidzika nechikepe. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1606.

chaienda Tasman

Pasinei akaipa wongororo Yanszon nyika itsva uye vagari varo, East India Company akaramba kutumira ngarava yacho mumvura vemo. gavhuna The itsva kuBatavia (Jakarta) - Anton Van Diemen - basa muna 1642 Abel Tasman mu chero kwaiva kuwana nyika itsva.

Pasinei dutu, zvikepe kusvika pamhenderekedzo Tasman kukuvara rinotevera chitsuwa, yainzi Van Diemen kuti Land, uye makore akazotevera zita Tasmania. Abel akazivisa kwayo nhaka Dutch, asi haana kunzwisisa sei kuti pamberi pake - chitsuwa kana chikamu kondinendi. Zvino akaona New Zealand, iyo vokuEurope havana chavanoziva, uye Tonga uye Fiji. It Vakawana kuti zvose kare akawanikwa Islands havasi chikamu yakaoma, conventionally rinonzi "New Holland". Miganhu zvausingazivi South Land kuzoserera kumaodzanyemba.

Dampier mu Australia

Sailing Tasman vaiva maturo. Mukuwedzera, pakati pezana-rechi17, Netherlands kutambura nhevedzano vakakurirwa kubudikidza England uye vakarasikirwa kumusoro kwayo hweHIV. Studies kwesango mumakungwa kuita British. Izvi, kutanga kusvika pamhenderekedzo Australia, William Dampier. Iye kaviri nechikepe Australia (New Holland) akaita kudzidza rwokumusoro-yokumadokero pamhenderekedzo uye zvakanyorwa mabhuku maviri nezvazvo. Pamusana kwavari, mukondinendi mutsva chikazikamwa nyika (Dutch zvavanenge vawana zvose zvakavanzika).

Cook wokutanga rwendo

Refutenendi Dzheyms e akazivikanwa nemano ake wekushandisa uye cartography. Saka hurumende yeBritain vakaenda kuongorora New Zealand nemakapoteredza. Zvisinei, zviri pamutemo, akanga chete kuchengeta Venus kupfuura mhiri gwenya dhisiki (chiitiko ichi inofarirwa vanoongorora nyeredzi). Uyezve, James akatuma "danda kubva" dzose yakawanikwa naye. Apo Cook asvika Australia, raiva gore 1770. The rwendo akadzidza kupfuura 1,600 km west yegungwa. Idzi refutenendi inonzi New South Wales.

Several sokuronga kukosha zvengarava vezvikepe ake vachisimudza kuBritain mureza. Cook akazivawo uye aidzidza Great Chipingamupinyi Dzedu Dziri uye vakawana kuti New Zealand chakaumbwa zvitsuwa maviri.

zvinokosha zvakawanwa

Apo Dzheyms e asvika Australia, iye asvika ari Bay, akazozivikanwa bhotani Bay. Pano, Britain akaona miriwo yakanaka uye mhuka akasawanikwa dziri munyika mavo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti apo panopinda ainzi bhotani Bay nokutanga chikepe kuti musayendisiti Banks. Panguva iyi, boka chatangwa zvinopesana runodiwa. Kutaura zvazviri, Colonisation yeBritain kuti Australia akatanga nokuparadzwa vagari vemo, izvo pamazuva iwayo kwainzi kuva akaderera.

Kwete chaizvo kure bhotani Bay, Cook akawana yakakodzera chaizvo chiteshi, izvo, chokwadi, hurumende yakati. Gare gare vakauya wokutanga kondinendi guta idzva - Sydney. Vafambisi vengarava akafamba achitevedza kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo, uye ipapo vakagumisa uye kuchamhembe. Cook mazita ose anokosha nzvimbo uye akabwembura map yegungwa. The British haana hanya ndiani wokutanga kusvika kweAustralia. Akavadzivirira zvaikosha kuzivisa awarding ndima idzi. Saka vakasiya zvose zvemarudzi uchapupu hwake agare hoisting mireza uye nokungwarira rakanyorwawo zviito zvavo.

Results Cook navi

James akadzokera nemahombekombe New Zealand munguva inotevera rwendo, asi muAustralia vasisiri yagara. Basa rake raiva kuratidza kuti risingazivikanwi Southern Continent kuchiripo. Zvino Cook asvika Australian pamhenderekedzo, aiziva, kusiyana kwavo vamutangira, riri mu New Holland, uye kwete kumwe.

Zvikepe vakayambuka kweArctic Circle, uye akatosvika kuti mukuru latitudes, izvo akasangana rongedza echando uye icebergs. Cook akaita vatiwo kuti kana Southern Continent, uye hakuna, unogona kuwana nayo, uye kufarira harisi, sezvo akafukidza chando.

Kana Australia, atova makore 17 pashure nomukova wayo mukuru bhotani Bay chikepe akasvika angaratidza kubva kuEngland, uyo aifanira kutanga upenyu hutsva pano.

zvakawanikwa

Hatigoni kutaura navo chokwadi vanotanga vokuEurope asvika kweAustralia, asi hazvina Cook. munorumbidzirweiko charo kuti akapotsa akavhura kondinendi zvakare, akaongorora akanyatsoriongorora, uye rwakagadzirira nzira tevera Colonisation.