Rhyme. Nzira dze rhyming

Izwi rokuti "rhyme" rine dhiymology yakaoma. Iyo inodzokera kumashoko emu Old French, izvo zvinoreva "kusagadzikana". Asi, zvichida, izwi rechiFrance pacharo rakakwereta rakakanganiswa kubva muchiLatini, uye rechiLatini lexeme, mukudaro, rinodzokera kumashoko echiGiriki ekare.

Vana vekuchikoro vemazuva ano vanonyatsoziva pfungwa dzakadaro semhanzi, nzira dzekumhanya, kunyange zvakadaro ndima iyi inonyanya kukosha, uye kazhinji mibvunzo yaro inosvika uye inonakidza kune mudzidzi wechikoro.

Kubva munhoroondo yemimhanzi

Chero zvingave, chirevo chepakutanga chezwi chakanga chisina kufanana nezvino. Yakanga isiri yehutano hwekufambisa kwekuguma kwemashoko okunyora, asi pamusoro pechirongwa chechimiro. Hazvikwanise kuve zvakasiyana, sezvo nhetembo yekare yakanga isinganzwisisiki, nzira dzekumhanya ikoko dzakangoerekana dzangoerekana dzavapo, somuenzaniso, dzaiwanzopinda mumutsano weCatullus.

Asi zvisati zvaitika kunzwisisa kwedzidziso uye, maererano naizvozvo, kune zvaidiwa nemitauro yakanga ichiri kure kwazvo. Nhetembo, kusanganisira chiRussia, dzakauya kunyora zvinyoronyoro, zvishoma nezvishoma dzichiwedzera nhamba yemitsetse.

Rhyme muzvinyorwa zvemazuva ano zveRussia

Mazuva ano, rhymo inobvumirana nehutano hwekutaura nhetembo, kunyange mumanyori, kunyanya kuWestern Europe, maitiro akasiyana-siyana anojekesa zvakare: kurambwa kwemashoko akanyorwa. Zvakaoma kufanotaura kuti ichava nesimba sei kana tikafunga kuti nhasi tiri kuona kupikiswa kwevatsigiri nevashori ve "classical" rhymed verse.

Muzvinyorwa zvemazuva ano zveRussia, zvichiri kutonga, zvose zvinyorwa zvekare uye zvakashandurwa zvemashoko zvinoshandiswa, uye mumabhuku ezvinyorwa zvemazana akapfuura mumakore akawanda akapfuura kushandiswa kwemavara nemitambo pamusoro pepachena kwakanyanya.

Zvirongwa zvekuongorora rhyme

Paunenge uchitaura nezvemashoko, iwe unofanirwa kudzivisa kukanganisa kwakawanda. Kutanga, zvakakosha kusiya mutsara usina kunaka se "rhyme bad". Nayo pachayo, haisi yakanaka kana yakaipa, zvose zvinoenderana nemabasa emheturo uye mamiriro ezvinhu emutsika. Semuenzaniso, muzana remakore rechi18 Trediakovsky akakumbira kubva kuvanyori vezvinyorwa zvevakadzi chete (kusimbisa pamusana peti syllable inowanikwa mumutsara), uye mhemberero dzevarume (kureva shandura yekupedzisira) yakaonekwa sechiratidzo chekutadza kwakaipa.

Nhasi chirevo ichi hachibatsiri, kuchiisa zvinyoro, uye chirevo, pamwe nekuongorora kwakarongwa kuti nzira dzemuitiro dzinoshandiswa nemunyori, haisi iyo inogadzirisa parameter, kunyatsoteerera kunobhadharwa nekudzika kwebasa.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana re "zvakanaka" zvinenge zvinyorwa chete zvinyorwa zvema grammatical zvaifungidzirwa, kureva kuti, zvikamu zvimwe chete zvekutaura uye ma grammatic forms zvakashandiswa. Uye nanhasi vanyori vazhinji vanowanzodzivisa izvi sechiratidzo chevarondedzererwo mashoko echirwere. Izvi, zvisinei, zvinokanganisawo, nokuti mune dzimwe nhanho ihwo hutsika hwemhanzi iyo inenge yakakodzera mamiriro ezvakanaka. Semuenzaniso, munhetembo dzevana zvisingatarisirwi uye zvinoshamisa zvinowanzotarisirwa, kuziva kwomwana pakufunga kwavo hakuna kugadzirira, anonzwa zviri nyore nyore uye nzira dzakadzika. Uye izvi hazvirevi kungodaro nhetembo dzevana.

MuBallad yakakurumbira ya A. Akhmatova "Grey-Eyed King", dambudziko rekurasikirwa nemunhu wadikanwa rakafuridzirwa nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwezvinhu zvose zviri kuitika. Uye pano haisi chete zviito uye kugadzirisa kwevamwe zvakakosha, asiwo marongerwo emitauro yechimiro (yakawanikwa-yaenda, simuka-ini ndichaona, nezvimwewo) uye nzira dzekumhanya.

Mayakovsky, zvisinei, akasimbisa kuti rhyimo inofanira kunge isingatarisirwi, iite kuti muverengi ave nehanya, asi izvi hazvisi izvo zvakakwana. Izvi ndezvechokwadi munhetembo yeMayakovsky pachake uye vanhu vake vane pfungwa dzakadaro, avo vane simba rakasimba rekugadzirisa mazano mundima, pamwe chete, basa rekugamuchira nemaune rinowedzera.

Asi maererano nezvinyorwa zvese, chirevo ichi chakakanganisa. Chinhu chose chinotarisana neunyanzvi basa. Semuenzaniso, nzira yekuita rhyming "Yakadzora denderedzwa yegoridhe" yeS. S. Yesenin ndeyemutsika, ndeyeyimbo yepamuchinjikwa mutsara, yekutanga uye yechitatu mitambo yevakadzi, uye yechipiri nechina ndeyevarume.

Uye kazhinji nhetembo haina mharidzo yakajeka. Asi iyo isingatenderwi nhetembo yakanyatsogadzirwa.

Miganhu yekunzwa rhyme

Mumutauro weRussia mutsika, rhyimo inozivikanwa, sekutonga, apo wekupedzisira akasimbisa chivharo uye chimiro chakamira chakatarisana nacho chinopindirana. Mumutauro weChirungu neGermany, pane zvakakwana zvechivharo chakasimbiswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hatifungi mashoko e "window" uye "bucket" kuti iite rhyming, somuenzaniso, asi tinoona se "tsvina yewindo" kana kuti "Okon-Vedrov" mazita. Zvisinei, muzvinyorwa zvechokwadi kune zvimwe zvakawanda zvakaoma zviitiko zvekufananidza kuguma kwemitsara. Semuenzaniso, mudetembi anogona kushandisa rhyme inopesana kana zviitiko zvekuguma kwemitsara hazviitiki, asi chirevo chekupedzisira chinokanganisa chakangosiyana. Izvi, somuenzaniso, ndeye nhetembo inoshamisa yeA A. Chebyshev ine musoro unonzi "Dissonance", iyo inonyatsoratidza kusasununguka kwekugamuchira:

Kohl achakugadzirira iwe kupfidza,

Kunyanya kana mwedzi wakakwana -

Pachava nekudzikinurwa kwauri,

Uye kusuruvara kukuru kuchauya.

Mudzimai wose achakurumidza kubvunzwa,

Mazamu ake akazununguswa nemisodzi.

Kubva pamabhuku ekutuka kune mafashamo ...

Kunyange mbeu ichava zazluzgan.

Ipapo iwe uchapedza mweya wako,

Kunyange zvazvo, hongu, yakakura kwazvo,

Nokuti, zvichida, kufuta,

Uye iwe uchange uine angina.

Zvinokwanisika here kudana nhetembo iyi yakanyorwa? Kubva pakuona kwemaonero echidimbu yemirongero - kwete, nokuti nzira ye rhyme inoputsika. Kubva pakuona kwe "kraesoglasiya", sezvainoshandiswa kunzi rhyme, - pasina mubvunzo, nokuti tive pamberi pedu nzira yakanyatsofungidzirwa yekuti haisi yemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuguma kwemiganhu.

Makirasi

Pakati pese, maererano ne "chidimbu" chinogamuchirwa chechidimbu, mihanzi inowanzotsanangurwa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Kutanga, nemafungiro emutsara (kuguma kwemutsara). Mune mamwe mazwi, pane uko kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira. Kana nzvimbo yekupedzisira, rhyimo inonzi murume (zvakare-neropa), kana paine penultimate-yevakadzi (nhoroondo ndeye swans), kana pane syllable yechitatu kubva pamagumo-dactylic (coldly - zvinyoro). Hazviwanzoitiki, asi kunewo izvo zvinonzi hyperdactylic rhymes, apo kushungurudzika kwekupedzisira kuri pane yechina uye shure kwechigadziro kubva kumagumo (kushandura-kufadza).

Chinzvimbo mu stanza

Icho chiri pamusoro pechigaro mu stanza kuti vadzidzi vanowanzonzirwa mukirasi panguva yekudzidza musoro wekuti "Rhyme. Nzira dze rhyme ". 5 girasi rechikoro chesekondari hachirevi kungotanga, asiwo zvidzidzo zvinobatsira.

Nechigaro munharaunda (kakawanda tiri kutaura nezve quatrains), rhyme inogona kuramba ichienderera mberi (AAAA), muchinjikwa (ABAW) - mutambo wemufananidzo wezvinyorwa zvinonyanya kuonekwa kubva pakuona maitiro anobatsira pakuongorora rhyme, steam (AABB) uye annular (ABBA).

Mune mamwe mazamu akaoma, mamwe masangano emimhanzi anogona kuitika, somuenzaniso, chivakwa chechivakwa chectave stanza chichaita seizvi: ABAVAVSS.

Dzimwe nzvimbo dzekugadza

Kazhinji mitambo inotsanangurirwa kune zvimwe zvikonzero (foneti yakafuma, iyo inononoka, uye inofadza foni, yakarurama uye yakaenzana, monosyllabic uye makemikari, kureva, yakagadzirwa nekubatanidzwa kwemashoko maviri, somuenzaniso, "kubva pazera kusvikira zana kuti akure asina kukwegura").

Hapana chikonzero chimwe chete chinotenderwa chekugadzirisa zvinyorwa, chete zvikonzero zvakakurumbira zvinorondedzerwa pano.