Mabasa aFtutchev. Kuongorora: "Hazvizi kuti iwe wriggle, zvisikwa ..."

Fedor Ivanovich ndomumwe wevanyori vakakurumbira mumutauro weRussia, zita rake rakanyatsobatana nezvematongerwo enyika uye mafilosofi uye mavhiripuri anokosha.

Fyodor Tyutchev anofunga

Mariri, mupfungwa akafungidzirwa. Akarangarirwa, pasinei nokuti akasiyira zvishomanana: nyaya dzakawanda, dzakashandurwa uye dzinyorwa zvepakutanga, kwete dzose dzadzo dzinobudirira. Asi pakati pezvimwe zvinhu kune maparera ekufunga, zvakadzama uye zvisinganzwisisiki, mazwi asingafi, matanho efungwa huru uye kufemerwa. Upenyu hwake hwose akanyora nhetembo kuti azviwanire, anonzwisisa zviri nani nyika yake yomukati, kuitira kuti muverengi wake avewo chapupu chebasa remuMweya rezvinyorwa mukuzviziva. Fedor Tyutchev akanyora, achiona kudiwa kwekutaura pachake. Anonyanya kugadzirisa zvinhu. Kunaka kwake mukubata mifananidzo yezvinhu zviripo chipo chinogona kuonekwa neziso rakashama. Zvinonakidza kutarisa munhetembo yechirangaridzo, ivo vanofarira kudzidza, kusanganisa - zvifananidzo zvine zvakawanda zvakavanzika zvinoreva, ndicho chikonzero kuongorora kwavo kunonakidza. "Kwete kuti iwe unofunga, zvisikwa ..." - nhetembo yakanyorwa naTyutchev muna 1836, mhemberero pachayo inofungidzirwa zvakakosha yerunyori. Asi ndeupi? Izvi tichaedza kuedza kuziva.

Genius of thought inoshanduka

Isati yatanga kuongorora ndima yaTyutchev, munhu anofanira kuziva zviitiko zvakakonzera chitarisiko chake uye akashanda semhepo inofuridzirwa nhetembo. Zvizhinji zvekufananidza kwepfungwa dzake kune mafiropu evanhu veFriedrich Schelling, muGermany thinker. Kuwirirana kwekusika pakati pavo kwakarondedzerwa kakawanda, kufarira basa rake kwakaberekerwa kunyange munguva iyoyo apo mudetembi akabatana neveSlavophiles mune ramangwana, uyo akagovera aesthetics uye romantic metaphysics yemabhuku echiGerman, kunyanya Schelling. Tyutchev akanga asiri munyori, haana kukwereta mazano ivo pachavo, akangoteerera kumashoko ehukama pakati pevanhu nemasikirwo, vanhu uye zvose, pahupenyu hwemweya uye chirevo chepasi rose. Murondedzeri wokuRussia akanga ari mumwe wevateveri vakavimbika zvikuru vemanzwiro echiGermany uye kwenguva yakareba vachitevera pfungwa dze Schelling. Uyewo nhetembo iyi FI Tyutchev - kupesana nehurukuro Heine, uyo akabudiswa muFrance uye akatsoropodza nzvimbo yaFrederick, Hoffmann naNovalis uye mafiroso avo.

Basa rekupararira munhetembo

Kana iwe ukanyatsocherechedza, ipapo nhetembo yose yakavakwa sechikumbiro kune muverengi - ndiko kushandiswa kunotanga. "Hazvizi kuti iwe wriggle, zvisikwa ..." ndiwo mharidzo yerunyararo kwatiri. Kana icho chiitiko chiri pasi rose, saka mabhuku ose anogona kunzi kutaurirana pakati pomusiki uye muverengi wake. Kana mune mamwe mabasa izvi hazvisi pachena, pano Fedor Tyutchev anotibvunza mibvunzo, kupa zvipo kuti awane mhinduro kwavari uye kufunga nezvemibvunzo inogona kuonekwa isingaperi. Kutendeuka kunoita kuti tinzwe kuvapo kwemuroyi, sezvinonzi ndiye interlocutor yedu, uye panguva imwechete achizvibvumira kurega naiye pachake, tarisa zvakadzika mukati memukati memo yake uye fungisisa pamusoro pehurukuro inotsanangurwa. Hatisi kuona nyaya huru, asi hero inonakidza, iyo maitiro aTyutchev aripo, nokuti iye pachake akanga akafanana nemhando iyi yekufunga. Nokuda kwechikumbiro, muverengi wegamba-rwiyo anovaka hurukuro, iyo inoita kuti nhetembo iwedzere kufambidzana, inogadzirisa iyo.

Ottochia uye chinangwa chikuru

Kuongororwa kweTyttchev ndima hakuzove yakakwana, kana isu tisingateereri kuvapo kwemaziso akadzora. Vakatsiviwa nemakumbo, asi vakabatwa nekutsoropodza kwechimwe chikonzero kana chimwe. Mushure mekuita kwakadaro, ivo vanowanzorasika uye havawanzowanika. Saka zvakaitika nhetembo iyi. Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti zvimwe zvikamu zvisipo, nhetembo haina kurasika zvarinoreva. Pfungwa yake huru ndehukama pakati pevanhu nemasikirwo. Kukosha kwehutano hwemunhu hwekunzwa kwakasimbiswa, nokuti kana munhu ari matsi, saka haararame zvachose. Kana kune vanhu vakadaro vasina njere, hapana munhu, saka kuneTyttchev inokosha uye i "izwi raamai pachavo". Icho chiri nemifananidzo yemasikirwo iyo munyori anonyatsoratidza manzwiro akavanzika, anobvunza mibvunzo inomukurudzira, uye anotsvaka mhinduro mune chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Tyutchev kwete kungoona maonero echisikigo, kuchiyemura iyo, inomukanda kumafungiro efilosofi, mairi mudetembi anoona mhuka mhenyu nemanzwiro ake, nemweya wake noupenyu, mitemo yake isingagoni kunzwisisa nguva dzose munhu.

Mufananidzo wezvisikwa muTyutchev's lyrics

Chimiro - mumwe wevanhu vanyori vari muTimutchev. Uye iye anowanzovapo kwete semamiriro ekuratidza, asi semutevedzeri, munhetembo dzake ane chiso, anotaura, anofunga, anonzwa. Zvose zviri mairi zvinoratidzika kuna Feodor Ivanovich azere nechinangwa chinokosha, chaanotsvaka kuunza kumunhu. Asi munhu haasi nguva dzose anzwa zvakasikwa. Kuti anzwisise zvaari kutaura, haafaniri kuteerera nenzeve dzake, asi nemwoyo, achirega zvinhu zvose kuburikidza nemweya wake. Nyaya yekunyora ("Kwete kuti iwe wriggle, zvisikwa ...") haigoni kuvakwa pasina kureva mufananidzo uyu, iyo inobata basa rinokosha pano. Kufananidzwa kwezvisikwa kunoita kuti zvive zvakanyanya semuviri mhenyu mhenyu, uyo mumwe nomumwe wedu akashamwaridzana zvikuru, asi munhu wose anogona kutaura naye mumutauro mumwe, izvi zvinoda dzidzo yakakodzera yezvokunamata, kunyorova kwemwoyo nemweya. Zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana: zvinokwanisa kuva nesimba, zvinotyisa, kusaziva kusavhiringidza, kana kuti zvingangoita somwana akanaka uye akajeka.

Nyore mavhesi Tyutchev: chii chakavanzika?

Mushure mekunge dzimwe nhetembo, kune chimwe chinhu chisingazivikanwi, chimwe chekurwadziwa, apo pfungwa dzinotanga kusvika zvisina kufara. Asi mushure mekutaura kwaTyutchev, izvi hazvionekwi - kune rumwe rudzi rwekusanyatsojeka mukati mavo. Izvi hazvirevi kuti mushure mokunge munhu asina kunyanya kufungisisa mukufungisisa, imwechete chete inongororwa nhetembo ("Kwete kuti iwe wriggle, chimiro ...") isati iri chisimbiso cheizvi, nokuti iyi ichinyorwa chekufunga, kufungisisa, nekudzidza kwezvinyengeri zvenhetembo. Kungofanana Feodor Tyutchev anotikurudzira kufunga nemifananidzo yose inonzwisisika isingadi kugadziridza, inonyatsojeka uye yakajeka, kufanana nezvose zvinogadzirisa. Zvisikwa zvose zvakavanzika uye chimwe chinhu chakatipoteredza kubva pakaberekwa kwedu, chii chingava pedyo nesu? Kushamwaridzana kwemweya kwevanhu nemasikirwo ndicho chinhu chinoita kuti nyanzvi yeruzivo yakashanda nekuchenjera. Musoro wehukama uhwu hunozivikanwa kune mumwe nomumwe wedu, hwakavakirwa pamanzwiro nemanzwiro, uye kwete pane chimwe chinhu chesayenzi uye zvakaoma-kusvika-kusvika. Kuongorora kwega kwega kweTyttchev ndima kunotisvitsa pedyo nemhando iyo murondedzeri aida zvikuru, airemekedzwa uye ainamata.