Basa reNa Nekrasov igwaro rakajeka uye rinofadza reRussian classical mabhuku. Kuenderera mberi nekugadzirisa pfungwa uye nzira dzakarondedzerwa naPushkin naLermontov, Nekrasov vakapfuurira mberi mberi mukuvandudzika kwezvinangwa zvekutonga, maonero ekuda nyika uye mafungiro akataurwa mumabasa evanhu vake vakagara mberi. Muza Nikolai Alekseevich - "muse muse wehasha uye kusuruvara," hanzvadzi yemumwe mukadzi wekunyika, akarohwa netyava paHawmarket. Hupenyu hwake hwose akanyora pamusoro pevanhu uye kuvanhu, uye "rough" Russia - mupemhi, akaremesa uye akanaka - anouya kwatiri kubva pamapeji ezvinyorwa zvake zvekunyora sezvaari mupenyu.
Nhoroondo yezvisikwa
Kuongororwa kwenhetembo inoti "Nyanzvi neVadzinza", kufanana nedzipi zvimwe basa remifananidzo, inofanira kutanga nekuongorora nhoroondo yezvisikwa zvayo, mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika akaitika munyika panguva iyoyo, uye nhoroondo yezvinyorwa zvemunyori kana zviri zvimwe zvine chokuita nebasa . Musi wekunyorwa - 1855 - June 1856. Kwenguva yokutanga yakabudiswa mumusangano wemunyori, iyo yakabudiswa mune imwecheteyo 56. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, Chernyshevsky akazivisa bhuku reNekrasov, achibudiswa mumagazini yakapfupi yeSovremennik kudzokorora pfupi kwechirondedzero "The Poet and the Citizen" uye zvinyorwa zvake, pamwe chete nemamwe mashomanana akajeka uye asina-Krasivian kuchema mabasa, kusanganisira kushungurudzika kunorwadza "Musha Wakakanganwa". Zvinyorwa zvakakonzera kusununguka kukuru munharaunda uye kusagutsikana kwakasimba kwevane masimba uye kupomerwa kwepamutemo. Mune nyanzvi uye vemuCitizen, hurumende yehurumende yakaona (nenzira, zvakakodzera) kutsoropodza kwakanyanya kwayo uye kupandukira, kuchinja kwekushevedzera. Nhamba yose ye "Contemporary", kufanana nekuparadzirwa kwebhuku racho, yakabviswa pakusununguka kwekusununguka uye inorambidzwa kubatanidza zvakare. Kutyisidzirwa kwekuvharwa kunowanikwa pamagazini pachako. Uye pamusoro peNekrasov, uyo akanga aripo panguva iyoyo kunze kwenyika, akatyisidzirwa nekusungwa paanodzoka. Sei zvakaitwa nehurumende nekudzivirira zvikaita sedutu? Kuongororwa kwenhetembo "The Poet and the Citizen" ichabatsira kunzwisisa izvi.
Zvinyorwa zvemitemo nekuenderera mberi
Apo Nekrasov akanzwa makuhwa pamusoro pemhirizhonga yehurumende mumunda wemagariro, maonero evanhu, mabhuku, akapindura kuti vanyori veRussia vakaona "dutu rekudzivirira uye rinotyisa zvikuru." Uye hutungamiri hwehurumende, hutungamiri hwehurumende uye pfungwa yebasa revanhu vanozvigadzira kunharaunda, nyika, nguva uye matarenda avo zvinotorwa naNekrasov kubva kuhama dzakwegura dziri peni - Pushkin (zvakakwana kuyeuka mukurumbira wake "Hurukuro yemabhuku mutengesi nemunyori") uye Lermontov ("Mutori wenhau, muverengi uye munyori "). Kuongorora kwendima ye "The Poet and the Citizen" inoita kuti zvibone kutsvaga zvakadii Alexei Nikolaevich akavandudza uye akawedzera nheyo dzakakura dzepurotesiti.
"Pure Art" neDemocratic Line
50-60-ies. Yezana remakore rechi19 inguva yekunyanyisa kukuru kweRussia. Pasinei nezvakaitwa, kupomerwa kwemapurisa uye kukanganisa kwepamusoro, kune kuwedzera kusagutsikana nemamiriro ezvematongerwe enyika, kuzviziva kwechikwata chekuwedzera kwevanhu chiri kukura. Serfodhi iri kuputika kumativi ose, pfungwa dzekusunungurwa kwevanhu, kutsamwa uye kutsiva zviri kutenderera mumhepo. Panguva ino pakati pevamiririri vekugadzira intelligentsia kune gakava rinopisa. "Nhetembo uye Vagari" - nhetembo yeNekrasov - inoratidza zvakajeka zvavari. Vamiririri vezvinonzi "unyanzvi hwakachena" (vachinyengeterera murondedzeri ari kukakavadzana mubasa) vanotenda kuti nhetembo, mabhuku, uyewo mimhanzi, kupirisa kunofanira kutaura nezve "kusingaperi". Iyo younyanzvi chaihwo yakakwirira kudarika zvinetso zvezvematongerwe enyika uye zvematongerwe enyika uye chingwa chezuva nezuva. Semuenzaniso wechinzvimbo chakadaro Nekrasov anotsanangura pfupiso kubva mubasa naPushkin (Nyanzvi yeChirangaridzo neCitizen, ndima "Takaberekwa nekufuridzirwa / Nekutinhira kwekutapira neminyengetero ..."). Muvengi akajeka wepfungwa iyi uye mudziviriri wehupenyu hune hupenyu hunoshandiswa mumifananidzo ndeye Citizen munhetembo. Iyo inoratidza maonero nemafungiro emunyori pachake, kutonga kwevanhu uye mavariro.
Musoro uye pfungwa yetsani
Nekrasov haana kumbopatsanangurira nhetembo dzake muchidimbu, zvepedyo, uye zvevanhu. Aya mazano maviri, akaita seanosiyana zvakakwana, anobatana akabatana mubasa rake mune rimwe ruzivo rwese. "Nhetembo uye Vemunyika" (kuongororwa kwechirevo chinoratidza chirevo ichi) chigadzirwa chepurogiramu mupfungwa yokuti inoratidzira pfungwa dzinonyanya kukosha kune munyori, inobata pamusoro pezvinhu zvinopisa. Nekrasov zvakajeka uye pachena akaratidza maitiro ake ekusika uye mune zvematongerwo enyika credo: hazvina basa kuti iwe uri ani nebasa nekutenda. Zvakakosha kuti iwe uri mwanakomana wenyika yako, uye naizvozvo mugari uyo anosungirwa kurwisana nawo, nokuda kwehupenyu huri nani, kubudirira, zvose zvehupfumi uye zvemweya. Zvinosuruvarisa, vashoma kwazvo vanobvumirana naye. Nokudaro, vagari vane shungu vanodanidzira vachiti: "Pamusoro pemwoyo wezvakanaka / Izvo nyika inobwinya." Mu "nguva yekuchema uye kushungurudzika" vane tarenda, vakatendeseka, vanhu vakadzidza havana kodzero yekugara panze, kuimba "kunaka kwechisikwa" uye "sweet caresses." Vanyori, kunyori vanyori, vakapiwa nechipo chakanaka-kuchinja pfungwa nemoyo yevanhu, zvichivatungamirira kune ivo-kune feat. Kuti azadzise basa rako, kuzvipa iwe kuti ushumire maMelandland nevanhu - ichi ndicho chinangwa chekusika kwaNekrasov. "Nhetembo uye Vemunyika", kuongorora kwatinoita-nhetembo-manifesto, nhetembo-kukwidza, kuudza pachena vanhu vose kuti vataure kune rumwe rutivi rwevanhu: "Hakuzovi nemunhu akakodzera / Kunyika inotonhora nemweya / Haasisina kunyadziswa ..." .
Kuumbwa kwebasa uye zvinyorwa zvinoratidza
Saka, musoro wehurukuro ndeye nhetembo uye nhetembo, basa ravo mune sangano rezvemagariro evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika. Pfungwa huru uye pfungwa huru inoratidzwa mumitsara yakadaro: "Iva mugari we ... / kuitira kuti muvakidzani agare ...". Kuita kuti zvive zvakajeka uye zvakajeka, kuti zvinyatsojeka kune vaverengi, Nekrasov anosarudza fomu yepakutanga yemhanzi Mabasa - nhaurirano yakadanwa, zvinokonzera kukakavara. Zvinyorwa zvemasimba zvinopindirwa nevanoshuva monologues veCitizen, izere nheyo dzekutaura uye kushevedzera, zvichiita kuti kutaura kwake kunzwe zvakanyanya. Panguva imwecheteyo, munyori wenhetembo anoitisa hurukuro yake mukati. Nhamba huru yezviito zvemashoko anokonzerwa, mazwi ezvematongerwe enyika uye zvematongerwo enyika, mazwi ekunyengetedza anoita kushanda kwakadaro-kushingaira mukati mevadzidzi, iyo Nekrasov inopa. "Nhetembo uye Vemunyika" - nhetembo iyo yaakwanisa kunyatsoratidza kuna masters mazwi ayo basa ravo "risina mabhuku" uye kufara kwekunzwa kwevadadi vake, kwete kutaura kusina maturo, asi kushanda kuvanhu. Kukosha kwaro hakuna kurasikirwa nebasa iripo mumazuva edu.