Ivhu pamusoro achinaya mvura, tsananguro uye characterization pakati

Tundra - munhu yakakura ine hasha ekunze. Ndezvipi zvirimwa vanokwanisa kurarama mu izvi ezvinhu, chii rwevhu Anofukidza permafrost, sezvo rinoshandiswa mune zvokurima, verenga nyaya ino.

Description achinaya mvura

Izvi zvisikwa nzvimbo inoremekedzwa mundima huru kubva Kola kusvika kuna Chukotka Peninsula. Mahombekombe yavo okumavirira kweArctic Ocean. Tundra Climate dzinoratidzwa pasi mhepo tembiricha, zhizha pfupi uye zvikuru chando huchavapo kwemwedzi mapfumbamwe pagore.

chakanangana achinaya mvura chando nguva chokuita chikuru wezasi mhepo kubva yakaoma. Muzhizha pane kusagadzikana okunze kakawanda uye simba kuchamhembe mhepo. Vauye kuchitonhora Snap inoremerwa kunonaya, avhareji nhamba wepagore rinosvika millimeters mana. Snow rakavhara pasi dzakawanda gore, kusvikira mazuva mazana maviri namakumi manomwe.

Chii rwevhu ari achinaya mvura? mapazi ichi kunoratidzwa peat deveteve uye zvakaneta podzolic nevhu. A maitiro chinhu ndiyo kuvapo marshes. inotungamirwa yavo inobatanidzwa permafrost, ine isapinda ehupfumi.

Russian achinaya mvura - mumwe wenyika yakaderera kwevanhu arambe achirema. Zviri musha zvizvarwa zvemo: asi Nenets, chukchi, Yakuts, Sami nevamwe. Chavainyanya rinotambudza riri achifudza. Description achinaya mvura hazvibviri pasina kudoma nzvimbo migodhi, zvakadai sendarama, apatite, nepheline mhangura uye zvakawanda. Railroad Makwara regai kusangana nokusingaperi zvaidiwa vemo. Izvi imhaka permafrost, izvo kunotadzisa kuvakwa migwagwa.

Ndezvipi achinaya mvura?

Tundra - munhu wechisikigo nharaunda, riri mhiri kuchamhembe miganhu dondo zvinomera. Zviri mundima ine permafrost, kuti haana kuzadzwa mvura mumakungwa uye nomunzizi. Zvinonzi dzinoratidzwa guru pamwero kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, zvinokanganisawo okunze mukati munharaunda yacho. Naizvozvo, zvinotevera mhando achinaya mvura,

• Arctic. Ivo dzatora chitsuwa zvakafanana zita, akafukidza chikwindi, lichen uye isingawanzowanikwi maruva zvinomera. Ekupedzisira ndivo Perennial plants nemiti diki. Pano vanhuwo the willow, danda nymph, iyo inowanzonzi kuropatochey uswa. Perennial rekushongedzesa vanomirirwa polar Poppy mbeu, kudzika petsanga, zvimwe zviyo uye saxifrage.
• Geographical kuparadzirwa kuchamhembe achinaya mvura ndiyo yakaoma pamhenderekedzo. Vakasiyana kweArctic kuti zvinomera nzvimbo akavharwa. Soil achinaya mvura makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana akafukidzwa girini rakapetana lichens uye mosses. Pane kuwedzera Moss. Flowering zvirimwa vari kuva siyana. Inogona kuwanika luzula, saxifrage kana mountaineer viviparous. Of nemiti - cranberries, blueberries, Rosemary, the willow, zvipfupi Birch.

• South Russian achinaya mvura, uyewo kuchamhembe, akasiyana chichiitwa uswa anofukidza pasi tiers. The pamusoro musara iri hunodzorwa the willow uye zvipfupi Birch, paavhareji - nemiti uye uswa, apo rezasi kutonga ndohwaJehovha lichens uye mosses.

Sei miti kurarama utsinye ezvinhu?

Tundra Climate waitwa miti yakawanda kuwana vanonzi namano. Somuenzaniso, anosima umo muchadya kana Stel zvinokambaira pamusoro pemvura ivhu uye mashizha aunganidzwa iri nzira yokubudisa, uchishandisa pemvura mhepo akaturikidzana. Kukakanganiswa Flora kunobatsira vapone chando.

Muzhizha miriwo vari kurwira ndichengetedze mwando, kuderedza mashizha ari kukura. Nokudaro, evaporating pamusoro ipfupi, iyo inosimudzira chengetedzo kuti mvura mvura. Somuenzaniso, imwe huni nymph uye polar the willow vane zvavo namano kuburikidza kuti vapone. Pamusoro underside pakati zvinomera makobvu pubescence, izvo kunotadzisa mhepo kufamba. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza kwemvura. Muna achinaya mvura vainyanya kukura Perennial plants. Vamwe vavo vane viviparous, kureva, michero uye mbeu inotsiviwa Mabumba uye tubers. miti yakadaro nokukurumidza midzi. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti uwane nguva inokosha.

Kana achinaya mvura iri rakanaka?

Zvinonzi vakachengeta kaviri pagore. kokutanga kuti achinaya mvura iri rakanaka muna August. Panguva kuibvisa cloudberry achinaya mvura kushandura mutema kuti tsvuku, uye ipapo achava wakagadzirira kana mabheri iri rakajeka tsvuku. Cloudberry ndiyo dzepedyo hama razibheri uye rinoreva perennial miriwo. Its madzinde havana akafukidzwa minzwa uye maruva zvakawanda. An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti mambishi zvibereko zviri zvitsvuku uye kuibva - Orange. Residents vanoonga achinaya mvura cloudberries. Kubva michero ayo yakabikwa Jam. Fruits zvinoshandiswa zvakakangwa uye steamed chimiro.

Kechipiri runako achinaya mvura iziviswe muna September nokuti mwedzi uyu anonzi yendarama kwematsutso. muti Mashizha vakatendeukira yero, kubva izvo zvose ichivaima. nguva ino kufarira howa vamapepa. achinaya mvura ivhu panguva ino saka zvakanaka kuti pano kukura howa, izvo tinosvika kukwirira chizvarwa miti. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti havasi wormy.

gley nevhu

In unaku inesungano rinorema ivhu: loam uye ivhu. Situ vari Ridged glacial mumapani. Permafrost thaws kuti kudzika mashanu masendimita zana namakumi mashanu. Tundra-gley nevhu vari leached chose, kureva, zvinosanganisira hapana nyore soluble munyu uye carbonates.

Asi vakapfuma weathering zvinhu uye manyowa tigutsikane chokumusoro jengachenga iri gumi muzana. Peaty uye manyowa ivhu pamusoro achinaya mvura zvine makumi mana kubva muzana manyowa. subzones dzakasiyana dzisakarurama zvinoita nevhu. Mune imwe nzvimbo iri acidic, mumwe - zvishoma acid, uye wechitatu - kwazvakarerekera.

ivhu morphological mamiriro

• The pamusoro rukoko ndiyo mhando emarara semidecomposed mosses uye lichens. Kukwanisa Its matatu kusvika mashanu masendimita.
• Horizon, zvinosanganisira mbishi manyowa kana mufudze vanokwanisa anosvika gumi masendimita. Izvi nyoro loam shava kana rima pfumbu ruvara ane thickly zvakanyatsobatana midzi. ivhu kwakadaro It Ane muganhu kwemashifiti uye yakajeka iitike.
• Horizon, inokwana masere kusvika gumi masendimita. Inonzi illuvial. Husina Paint nechokumashure - mashava pamwe ora uye akacheneruka yebhuruu-vachena makwapa. It loamy jengachenga pamwe vakawanda midzi.
• Gley jengachenga. Kukwanisa kwaro - maviri kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu masendimita. Chii rwevhu ari achinaya mvura? It ane shava ruvara ane rinokwanisa kucheneruka ruvara akamhanya. Dzimwe nguva mamiriro rinooneka ngura mavara. Izvi loam jengachenga, mu zvisingawanzoitiki zviitiko - thixotropic. Siyana mwando shoma pamidzi.
• Illuvial jengachenga. Kukwanisa kwaro - gumi kusvika gumi masendimita. Kupendwa vanoiswa, brownish background. Pane zvitema-musoro uye ora rima echitema. Horizon loamy, manyoro zvakakwana, pamwe shoma pamidzi. Pasi kuona chando. Kazhinji thixotropic.
• Loamy gley jengachenga nerima yebhuruu-pfumbu ruvara. Rine mutsinga dzakawanda chando.

Chii chinonakidza kuti thixotropy?

Ichi chimiro apo Wetland ivhu pasi zvokuimba mupfungwa vanokwanisa kuchinja mamiriro kubva viscous-epurasitiki makore kusvika mujecha. Kwapera nguva, ivhu iri rikadzokera hwepakutanga. Uye mwando haisi ipfupi. Continental achinaya mvura kashoma kwaita kuti Chiitiko pamusoro thixotropy, izvo zvinoderedza subzones kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba. Izvi zvinoshandawo gley nevhu.

Kushandisa achinaya mvura nevhu mune zvokurima

The chikuru Bazi okuwana muna Arctic achinaya mvura iri poro. Zvishoma nezvishoma, asi zviri ichifamba uye kurima. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo vakatanga kukura nembatatisi, makabheji, radish, makarotsi, turnips nezvimwe miriwo. Experimental nhepfenyuro uye ehurumende mumapurazi uye kukura zvimwe zvirimwa.

Kukudziridza nyika itsva, kufungawo kukanganiswa zvikonzero zviri chairwo achinaya mvura nevhu. Naizvozvo, chikuru basa ivhu kurimwa vari abudise yavo, activation pamusoro zvoutachiona urongwa, kuvandudza aeration, kubviswa zvinokonzerwa chando uye zvakawanda. Kuti ivhu zvakakodzera zvokurima kushandiswa, izvozvo nourume pamwe mupfudze, peat, makemikari uye chicherwa fetiraiza. Soil achinaya mvura was kunovhenekwa kurimwa zvinosiyana. The chikuru chinoratidza ndiyo kuderera mune permafrost. kushanda kwayo chirimwa kukura ari yekudyidzana ipfupi.