Kinematic. Kinematic tikachirega redunhu. The kinematic zvigadziriswe vematunhu

Pasina kinematic zano zvisingaiti kufungidzira chero midziyo mhando. Tiri kutaura pamusoro motokari, nematarakita anofamba, muchina maturusi uye mhando zvigadziriswe zvikuru nyore. Vakawanda kinematics ndiyo chikamu chaihwo Vanamakanika, iyo ndehwokuti kudzidza ehupfumi kuti zvigadziriswe Links. Science rinobvumira kuongorora nokudzidza kinematic Links rwokufamba trajectories, kusarudza pfungwa, nzvimbo uye velocities zvinhu. Kutaura yokupedzisira mugumisiro hazvibviri pasina uchapupu pfungwa "kinematic urongwa", sezvo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Ndeipi kinematic zano? zvinhu pfungwa

Mhinduro pfupi kuti mubvunzo uyu, ari kinematic vanoronga - zviri pikicha kana gwaro, kana ini angati saka, izvo zvinoratidza zvose zvemaziso dzakabatana pamwechete miganhu. Kakawanda inopa zano inonzi kinematic yezvinoita. Kana chaunoti mutauro nesayenzi, inobatanidzwa zvakasimba zvinoriumba mune mari 2 zvidimbu, iyo nemhaka kubatana mamiriro kurambidza kufamba mumwe.

Kuwanikwa saizi zvakakodzera kuti kinematic pachisara iyo inoongorora hwaro sangano zvenhengo dzavo trajectory uye nokukurumidza. Kugadzirisa kinematics matambudziko kunogona zvakajeka uye experimentally.

Kazhinji, munhu kinematic zano tinoti kana isu kuongorora mhando mashandiro. Vanodaidza vamwe runhare hurongwa, iyo vatendeuki kufamba imwe nokuda achida kufamba. The Zvinoumba chero zvokuimba maatomu akafanana zviumbu zvinosanganisira - vamwe particulate nokuramba wakaomerera panzira interconnected. Link, izvo vaiona yatarwa yainzi yemabhuku.

Kinematic chaikosha vaviri kana kufona linked hurongwa hukawanika uye mitsetse ndoupi uchikurukura nomumwe kubatana. Pfungwa iyi anonziwo raiva pedyo nebundu inowanikwa.

mafomu kinematics

Kinematic zano rinoshandiswa zvachose zvose nzvimbo indasitiri - .. Mechanical engineering, muchina maturusi etc. dzose nemitemo Implementation dzinotungamirirwa chaiyo gwaro - vanonzi GOST.

Implementation dzakashandiswa mitemo

Kune mitemo mishomanana inokosha cinematic muunganidzwa vanodhirowa:

• Gwaro ingangoumbwa vaviri papepa kana yemagetsi svikiro. Zvinokurudzirwa zvakagadzirwa zano iri jira chete kuti kuiganhura vachiita zvinodiwa zvinowanika pakudhinda.
• Kana matunhu akaoma akabvumira kushandisa Multimedia, zvinokwanisika kuratidza sangano simba nenzira segirazi nenzira.

Kinematic vanodhirowa vakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: zvinokosha, STRUCTURAL uye dzichipfekeka. Mitemo gadziriro yavo zvakare vakasiyana mumwe.

Panyaya pfungwa, zvino nhamba inofanira kushandiswa ose ukama pakati okunze. Gwaro inopa kutsvaira. Kinematic dhayagiramu, anoreva yokuvaka kutaura muminda, zvinofanira anomirirwa mudunhu zvigadzirwa zviri sezvazviri maonero. More uchida mitemo kuti gadziriro yavo inogona kuwanikwa zvakafanira GOST 2,303 uye 2,701.

Musiyano mukuru pakati ari chinhu chinogumbura chati iri musimboti iri chokwadi kuti chokutanga kushanda chikamu chigadzirwa uye ukama pakati pavo. Kazhinji, vari muchimiro graphical mifananidzo kana Analytical chinyorwa.

Basa chati inoratidza ukama pakati penhindi okunze ayo anomiririrwa nyore geometrical nenhamba.

Ndiani anoita kururama redunhu?

Mitemo vaigadzirira nezvaro magwaro dzakawanda pamusoro Standardization. Nokuti kupinda simba gwaro iri akavhotera dzakawanda munyika makore akawanda apfuura. Nguva nenguva, kuchinja zvinoitwa kuna GOST, iyo kunonzwisisika - mberi kwesayenzi hakumo munzvimbo, sayenzi zvikamuka, uye pamwechete nayo vari kuchinja uye magwaro pamutemo. Kuwedzera inokosha mureza, kuita kinematics mitemo chinyatsotsanangurwa mune imwe chete ino chakagadzirwa mapepa.

Kuziva nemamiriro mashandiro

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, vose zvigadziriswe dzine imwe nhamba kinematic vaviri vaviri. Vari rakakamurwa akawanda:

• nokuda mhando maererano nzvimbo - pamusoro rezasi nokukwirira;
• kubudikidza muitiro redunhu;
• asi hama kufamba ari vaviri - panguva translational, rotational, cylindrical, etc ...

Kinematic redunhu zvakarongwa kutsanangura mamiriro avo. Kana ukapa mumwe tsanangudzo pfungwa iyi, ndiko - yakatarwa pakati zvinhu zvose mudziyo uye ukama pakati pavo. Uyezve, kuona nemamiriro mashandiro, zvakakodzera kugadza Kuronga kuuya Links.

Pachishandiswa pamusoro kupatsanura chinosiyanisa mhando mikuru muchina zvinhu dzaanofanira nechivako yaro:

• pani;
• asi unobva tsvimbo;
• crank;
• mubato.

mhando zvigadziriswe

Pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana mazano. Kakawanda, nzira dziri akakamurwa:

• mhikuriso kana tsvimbo;
• kukweshera;
• cam that;
• zvigadziriswe vane tefa Links;
• Zino uye Al.

Pakati zvikuru classifications zvigadziriswe yakadaro yoga, izvo rinokamukana vave mapoka matatu:

• functionality (pfungwa yacho Implementation muitiro);
• mamiriro (marongerwo);
• STRUCTURAL uye magadzirirwo (pakuvaka mazano).

Zvakawanda pamusoro kinematic Zvirongwa dzichakurukurwa pamusoro muenzaniso actuator.

Chii nemotokari? chinangwa chacho

Asati kutaura pamusoro kinematic zano pamusoro nemotokari, unofanira kuziva kuti chii. Kutyaira - zano rinokosha kuti zvaanopa simba muchina pedyo injini. Nemamwe mashoko, mashandiro anotanga kufamba kubva chekubuda simba, iyo kana injini kana okuwedzera okunze. Kinematic yokuderedza redunhu hunokosha kuti kudzidza "ngarurege" pfungwa. mudziyo uyu ndiwo mashandiro ari honye kana giya iyo transmits vachishandisa kutenderera kubva injini zvakananga nomubato muchina. muviri wayo rinoumbwa mabheyaringi, miseve uye rachulis.

Kinematic ngarurege redunhu

Kana zvose nemotokari zvinhu chokuita nomumwe nomumwe, vane imwe rokuchinja mumwe. Kureva, kudzidza kufamba chikwata chimwe chete haingatikwaniri, zvakakosha kufunga kwavo yakawiriranwa simba. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, zvose masimba marongerwo zvinotisvitsa chete pfungwa, somunhu mutemo, chinhu mugodhi injini. Kinematic ngarurege redunhu rinonzi nerokuti, uye kuita - dzakanyorwa.

Mufungo zvokushandisa ichi ine zvinokosha zvakadai:

• motokari;
• panze giya;
• yokuderedza;
• kuti nemotokari nomubato muchina;
• batira.

Uyu chaiwo sezvamunoita kinematic zano, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kusiyiwa.

The kinetic Zano dzimwe nzira

Kinematics - sayenzi kuti vanodzidza siyana design, saka zano yakasiyana neimwe mhando michina. Funga tichiswedera inonyanyoshandiswa yokuvamba gungano - muchina. Chokwadi, pane zvimwe zvenhengo uye kudzidza zvirongwa zvavo vanogona kutora nguva yakawanda. Mifananidzo kunzwisisa hurongwa inokurukurwa muudzame nemasayendisiti, mainjiniya uye amateurs kinematics.

The muchina - mumwe muenzaniso mashandiro iyo nechido mamwe masimba nyore. Varikutonga zvitunha akagadzira vari: netafura, rutsigiro chokurukisa, uye mamwe mashoko. Machine kinematics cheni anoumbwa rachulis siyana, izvo akarongwa kutevedzana. The kinematic hutachiwana vanoronga It ringaumbwa pebhandi kana gonye giya zvigadziriswe. In mufananidzo, zvinhu zvose zviri varehwa anokosha vatambi, izvo vakanyorwa zviri GOST 3462-61. Kinematic Machine redunhu hazvo inosanganisira tsoka spindles, honye vanodana modules, nhamba nokumukirana ose injini simba, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Modern midziyo ine zvokuimba hutachiwana kwete chete, aiwanzoshandisa hydraulic kana pneumatic mano, uye ukuwo, ari mapasipoti kuti muchina maturusi anokwanisa kuwanikwa kwete kinematic Zano, uye kubatanidzwa kana pneumatic-magetsi.

Nyika yemazuva ano michina uye zvikamu zviri hombe, kune zviuru marudzi akasiyana zvigadziriswe uye zvinoriumba. Zvisinei, mumwe nomumwe chikwata ine zvemaziso kinematic dhayagiramu pachake, kana kondo, motokari kuturika, achicheka muchina kana Derrick. Kinematic magadzirirwo vanodhirowa uye rondedzero kubatsira kunzwisisa marongerwo uye Zvinoumba zvigadziriswe aivabatsira muitiro kudzidza kufamba zvinhu uye cheni yacho. Nezvirongwa zvakadai, uye kinematics pakati vakawanda mberi mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu, sayenzi haamiri vachiri, pane yakagozha zvenhengo michina uye namano kuti vari kushingaira chikamu hwedu nemi.