Mhando lysosomes, organelles, mamiriro uye mashandiro

In yaida basa isu yksityiskohta iwe funga organelles masero anonzi lysosomes. Chimiro uye basa - iri mubvunzo wedu mukuru. Takatangawo akateerera zvinonyatsorehwa muchitokisi mamiriro. Munyaya ino muchawana chii zvirwere uve kutyora kushanda organelle ichi.

Sezvo wava pachena, ari lysosomes tiri chikamu muchitokisi. Asi kunze kusiyanisa nezvimwe organelles. Fungidzira duku sei saizi dzavo, kunyange sero haichaonekwi pamwe chinoabatsira. Kuti kudzidza maumbirwo kwayo uchishandisa chaiyo Chishandiso inonzi maikorosikopu. Izvi uchadzidza izvozvi.

Muchitokisi yayo organelles

Kunyange zvazvo isu munyaya ino, chii lysosomes marongerwo uye basa, zvinokosha chaizvo kuziva uye mamwe masero zvinoriumba. Chokutanga, hazvina - ane zvokutanga STRUCTURAL chikwata. Kubva apo sero kunotema mabasa ayo uye sezvamunoita.

organelles All inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata zvitatu:

• dvumembrannye;
• odnomembrannye;
• non-membrane.

Boka rokutanga inosanganisira plastid, neerekitironi mitochondria. Wechipiri - EPS, lysosomes, Golgi midziyo, vacuoles. The wechitatu - the ribosome uye muchitokisi pakati.

All sero organelles zvakakodzera zvakakodzera kushanda yose yezvinhu. Organelles kunobva maumbirwo ayo basa rinoitwa.

lysosomes

Marongerwo uye kushanda organelle tinotarisira zvishoma kwapera, asi ikozvino ngatitaurei zvishoma pamusoro kwemarudzi uye chinangwa.

Iri panzvimbo simba zvinhu muchitokisi. vari kwakafukidza kubva kumusoro chete Kamudzira, mukati vari makemikari siyana (zvachose pane anenge 60). We zano kuverenga pfupi pasi:

• runovharidzira mamwe;
• nucleases;
• lipase;
• phosphatase uye zvichingodaro.

lysosomes All inogona nehasha rakakamurwa makirasi maviri:

• chikuru;
• yechipiri.

Kana chikuru ichi anokwanisa kutamira inotevera pachikuva. Izvi tichakurukura gare gare. Zvino isu kupa mumwe kupatsanura pakati lysosomes:

• phagolysosome;
• autophagosome;
• multivesicular miviri;
• masero residual.

mamiriro

Lysosomes, marongerwo uye mashandiro anoita izvo chatichakurukura munyaya pakudzokorora uku kuva vashomashoma saizi (0.2 microns). With keji ichi pangava chaizvo chaizvo. Mumakore chikamu, hatina akatungamirira kupatsanura zvino kuongorora sei vari aumba.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chikuru lysosomes - aumbwa chete organelles kuti havagoni kuzadzisa ravo basa zvakananga (kugayiwa zvinhu nokuda hydrolysis). Chete kuburikidza anokunda pasingadiwi muchitokisi okunze, ivo kune boka yechipiri uye dzinotanga Digest inobatwa fuma yavo. Geterofagicheskaya vacuole inoumbwa akakonzera kubatana kwe chikuru phagosome uye vacuoles. Autophagosome - organelle chakaumbwa kubatanidzwa nomumwe chikuru uye kuumbwa vacuole lysosomes.

mabasa

Takurukura muchidimbu akaongorora STRUCTURAL zviri lysosomes uye tinogona mberi kuti mabasa kwakaitwa organelle ichi. Saka, muri zvinotevera:

• intracellular kugaya;
• autolysis;
• autophagy.

Zvino tinokumbira kuti funga mumwe nomumwe wavo voga. Mberi rinotevera mubvunzo.

kugaya

Vamwe STRUCTURAL zviri lysosomes kubvumira intracellular organelle kubereka kugaya. Sezvo muchitokisi anogona kuvapo kwete chete sezvo kunzwisisa muviri, inofanira kuita zvose anokosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira chikuru lysosomes pamwe chete zvomudumbu vacuoles.

Takatodzidza anotaurwa kuti lysosome huru kwazvo makemikari. Kana jekiseni mariri chero yeimwe anoora kuti yapera inoramba kuti kupinda napakati membrane. Uyezve, yeimwe izvi vanobatanidzwa mune mamwe maitiro inokosha.

autolysis

Isu kare kuti vari lysosomes kunoitika zvomudumbu kwendangariro. Zvakakosha kuziva uye kuti lysosomes anogona kukonzera rufu muchitokisi yose.

A dzakaonda Kamudzira organelles mashoko anogona kuparadzwa, uye makemikari vachasunungurwa. Kana izvi zvikaitika dzose sero lysosomes, vachafa. Kuzviisa Pasi kwacho ndiko autolysis. Tinogona kuti inonyanya muenzaniso tadpole. Kunyangarika muswe kuti remangwana datya - muenzaniso autolysis wakajeka. Chii chakaitika ari zvinovaka muviri mushure kuparadzwa masero? Havazivi kunyangarika, uye zvakawanda "vavakidzani."

autophagy

Uyewo pedzisai mashandiro lysosomes anonzi "autophagy". Nokufamba kwenguva, anowana akwegura, asingadi kushanda. Kana isu funga muchitokisi, vamwe organelles zvisingachashandi inogona kutsiviwa. Izvi zvinoitika sei? Ndakapedza akabatwa organelles lysosomes uye dzaputswa kupinda mamorekuru diki nenzira makemikari. Asi panzvimbo yavo inouya itsva. nezvimedu zvose kuti varambe pashure nedanho autophagy, sero zvaidikanwa kubereka idzva muchitokisi zvivako.

Pano uye vanoti pane mhando mbiri autophagy: micro- uye macroautophagy. Kazhinji izvi zviri pasika kunetseka mamiriro (semuenzaniso, zvikuru achitsanya kana kunyanya muviri).

chirwere

Takurukura paumbwe lysosomes, avo nerevane nechivako, asi dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti basa ravo kukundikana kuitika. Ipapo munhu anorwara. We zvamaronga kuti funga chirwere ichi sezvo Gaucher kuti syndrome. Uyewo chirwere ichi, pane vanenge 50 zvimwe zvirwere chokuita havachanyatsogoni lysosomal oparesheni.

Saka, chirwere Gaucher kwakaita yakatanga kurondedzerwa muna 1882 Filippom Goshe, uyo nokukudzwa uye akatumidza syndrome. Ndicho chirwere Inonyanya kubata kutyora mashandiro anoita organelles izvi. Ndicho kwokushayikwa kwezvibereko enzayemu glucocerebrosidase. izvi zvose zvinogona akaipa vamwe nhengo, yakadai se:

• chirwatata;
• chiropa;
• itsvo;
• chiedza;
• uropi.

Pasinei kukomba dambudziko, Gaucher kuti chirwere anogona kurapa. Zvino yakawanda zvinodhaka zvakasiyana ushandiswe kuti kutsigira upenyu hwevanhu.