Sezvo makungwa kuumba? Tsvagurudza sei kugungwa akaumba

zvakanaka sei, pashure vhiki basa kuti tipedze vhiki imwe nzvimbo kunze kweguta parutivi rwegungwa, kure kumhanya-mhanya kweguta. Nokuti vazhinji, dandadzo ichi - chinhu chinokosha racho. Asi chaizvoizvo vanhu vanoziva sei kuti kuumba makungwa, vanogona kubatsira, asi chii dzimwe nguva kukuvara?

Ndezvipi madhamu?

Lake - ndiwo namahwindo mwoyo muvhu apo zvaimutambisira pasi uye mvura kuti murege sasana. mumwe rusesi kwakadaro anonzi mudziva bheseni. On Nezvekwakabva ose madhamu vari rakakamurwa tectonic, rwizi (yekare vakadzi), mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, kukundikana, pachivande.

By salinity kusiyanisa mvura yakachena (Baikal), brackish (muShifimi) uye munyu madhamu (Chad). mitumbi All mvura kungava tsvina kana gungwa kunotevera imwe kana kupfuura enzizi; kuyerera - nzizi dzinoverengeka dzinoyerera mugungwa, uye mumwe kana kupfuura - inoyerera; undrained - nzizi mugungwa chete.

Kuzadza reservoirs kunoitika nokuda kwemvura (mvura, sinou) kana Via pasi. Lake uyewo zvokudya zvinogona yakavhenganiswa.

Mineral sezvamunoita madziva ndiwo carbonate, sulfate uye chloride.

Sezvo madhamu aumba?

Vazhinji madhamu edu nyika - tectonic mavambo, kuti, ivo dzakaumbwa guru dzegirini Mupasi nechepasi kana rifts (tectonic Kunetsana). Pasi pegungwa rine ine pepa uye riri pazasi pegungwa. dzarwo akafukidzwa dombo rakaoma, taita amenable rikukurwe. Vose zvakadzamisisa madhamu aumba somugumisiro pakakuvara ari goko.

nemitumbi mizhinji mvura inotengwa, uye somugumisiro Geological urongwa (weathering, kukurwa kwevhu, glacial basa). Pakati pavo, rakajairika - glacial madhamu mumapani uye mumakomo, uyewo akundikana, iyo yakaumbwa somugumisiro thawing pano matombo. reservoirs kwakadaro vane tenderera chimiro. Ndivo mupfupi kudzika uye.

Mushure kwenyika uye Madhaka dziva madziva vari kuumbwa, izvo zvinogona mupanda kure rwizi mumipata. Kune madhamu uye rwizi mumipata. Izvi anonzi oxbow madhamu. About sei akaumba oxbow madhamu anogona ichizotongwa kwenguva functionality erwizi. Kana mamiriro okunze ari pakaoma - hwokurara alluvial migero makungwa, izvo zvinoumba ngetani ruoko kwemazana makiromita. Asi kana achidzungaira Mipata yose Delta akaumba madhamu.

nyanza Baikal

Lake Baikal - the gobvu nyanza panyika. kunonyanyisa udzamu wayo 1642 km uye kukwira rinosvika 460 m.

dzidzo Lake Baikal waiva mugumisiro guru crustal nezvikanganiso. Baikal inoona nezvenjodzi iri Russia, pamuganhu Zimbabwe Buryatia uye Irkutsk nharaunda. Nzvimbo dura ndiyo 31722? Km. In Baikal Falls nzizi anopfuura mazana matatu nehova, iro Selenga, Turka, Snow, Surma. A rwizi runoyerera kubva Ankara. Saka, Baikal - abudise madhamu.

Baikal mvura yakachena uye yakajeka. Nematombo anogona kuonekwa kunyange panguva kudzika 40 metres! Huwandu zvicherwa duku mudziva, saka mvura inogona kushandiswa kwakadonhera.

Climate Baikal - tonhorera. Winter ndiye munyoro, uye chirimo - tonhorera. It anogara Lake kupfuura 2,600 vamiriri zvakasiyana nemhuka, akawanda iri maitiro chete nokuda kwegungwa.

Age nyanza, masayendisiti kwakatemwa pamakore mamiriyoni 25-35. Nezvekwakabva zita hakunyatsozivikanwi. Asi muna Turkic - Baikal (Bai-kul) - mupfumi nyanza, chinhu zvazvisingarambiki chokwadi.

Rakatanga marshes

Swamp - chikamu nyika, dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira mwando acidity. Munzvimbo dzakadaro, akamira kana pevhu subsoil mvura kuuya pamusoro, asi "hadzigari" kwenguva refu. doro All kuitika nenzira mbiri:

1. ivhu waterlogging.
2. Overgrowing mudhamu.

By mhando doro zvinomera zviri rakakamurwa dondo, shrub, uswa uye Moss. bogs ruyamuro angava sandara, convex kana lumpy. Nokuti vamwe peat bogs dzinoratidzwa paumbwe (akafa, asi kwete kuguma yaora zvinomera pamberi). Peat rinoshandiswa sezvo combustible acho, uye mune zvokurapa (madhaka) uye indasitiri.

Kana isu nezvazvo sei kuumbika madhamu uye anezvimiti, wechipiri - icho muitiro wokutanga-shanduka. Shelving sludge zvishoma nezvishoma kunotungamirira kusvibiswa uye shallowing pegungwa, nokudaro pave Pamumvuri wetsanga napamurove vakapfuma aqueous chikafu.

Kukosha wetlands

Marshes - chinokosha dzinongoitika nhaka. Zviri muropa kunzwisisa, izvo kumusha zvisingawanzoitiki mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

More mune zvose doro achinaya mvura, masango uye sango - munzvimbo dzine kunyanya mwando, apo kunonaya kwazvo kwemvura.

marshes All vari rakakamurwa neyamapani, Upland uye Transitional. Pamumvuri wetsanga napamurove vanopiwa ne pasi, mabhiza - kunayisa. Kuchinja mires - pakati Danho pakati maviri marudzi yapfuura.

Nemiti marshes hunokosha chaizvo vanhu. Lingonberries, cranberries, cloudberries, omujunipa - michero, izvo zvinonzi nevakawanda inoshandiswa mukurapa. Zvirimwa zvakawanda kubva wetlands zvinoshandiswa perfumery uye indasitiri.

Marshes - chinokosha tsime nzizi zvokudya. reservoirs Most rinobva nokuda marshes. Marshes - yechipiri pashure musango "kumapapu" panyika. Ivo bikurudza carbon dioxide inobvisa uye kubudisa okisijeni.

zvakavanzika madhamu

On Earth, mumwe anogona kuverenga madhamu vanopfuura zana, pamusoro zvakavanzika izvo ngano nhasi.

Somuenzaniso, Lake Rufu, riri mu Italy, zita rinopamura mumwe chete kutya. Around iye hapana zvinomera, uye mvura yaro - neshiri. Dzinoshambira mudziva hakubvumidzwi, uye kashoma kuti mumwe munhu anoda, nekuti mariri - refu Kuwanda sulfuric acid.

Vaiona zvemamiriro nyanza chinhu muna Alatau. mvura yaro kwakachena uye potable, asi hapana zvisikwa zvipenyu regai midzi mugungwa ichi. Hazvina maturo.

Varindi uye Kazakhstan Lake akadana Dead. In nguva dzose achinyudza vanhu. Kana muviri hakuiti kuyangarara, asi kana wakazviparadzanisa pasi kwegungwa munyika akarurama nzvimbo zvachose pasi.

ngano zhinji kwete chete munyanza, asiwo avo vageremo. Munhu wose anoziva Loch Florida, apo, maererano zvapupu, anorarama chikara kuti anotarisa seshato. Kwete chinoshamisa hove huru ine mutsipa refu uye musoro diki wakaonekwa. Nokuti mashoko azvino uno yomusi 2007. Chokwadi kana purofiti - pakupedzisira akaratidza.

How madziva vari kuumbwa, nokuti munhu haisi zvakavanzika, asi avo chisionekwe dzinozadza udzamu yavo, vachiri muchakavanzika, kunyange masayendisiti ...

A mashoko mashoma pamusoro madhamu yeRussia

MuRussia, makungwa anopfuura mamiriyoni maviri, chimwe nechimwe unochengeta zvakavanzika. Kubvira kare, mvura anonakidzwa vanhu ehupfumi ayo ave somushonga uye zvinouraya. Saka hazvishamisi kuti vakawanda ose ngano hwakabatana pamwe makungwa.

Panguva imwe chete fascinates uye kutyiswa ake mystique nyanza Svetloyar. mvura yaro inogona kuchengetwa kwemakore anoverengeka, panguva imwecheteyo haina kurasikirwa ehupfumi ayo. Lake nharaunda yakachena chaizvo. Pamusoro mvura dzichitaridzika vatorwa mirages, dzimwe nguva - a UFO. Kubva pasi dziva kazhinji kunzwa vatorwa ruzha, kufanana kurira pakati mabhero. Zvinonzi nechepasi kwegungwa Svetloyarsky vakaviga yakare guta Kitezh, iyo akaenda pasi mumvura panguva panowanikwa gurusvusvu Batu Khan.

Pane madhamu akawanda muRussia, riri runyerekupe kuti mupenyu vakafanana Loch Florida chikara. Strange ngano famba dragoni-madzvinyu vaigara mudziva Brosno. Pamusoro pemvura mhepo matema yakaonekwa veko kururama kuti pasi pemvura kufema chikara. Zvisinei, chokwadi pane zvichinzwisisika - kuorera mazviri pamusoro pegungwa pasi, anouya pamusoro zvinhu. Zvakavanzika vari Akafukidzawo nyanza Ivachevskoe, Verdlozero, Lake Shaitan, zvisviniro zvinopafuma.

The chete zvichinzwisisika vose anomalies kuitika mumvura - ndiwo sei madhamu vari aumba. Zvichida chikonzero zvose - nemiti uye fauna of havasi aizvinzwisisa nevanhu.

mhedziso

Lake - chikamu chinokosha Nyika. Hafu vose nemhuka zvinobatsira vanhu, vagere nzizi uye madhamu. Sei madziva vari kuumbwa, anogona ichizotongwa dzomunyika uye zvimwewo dzinotsanagura pasi redu. Tectonic uye Geological kuchinja - ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru kuti paumbwe reservoirs.