Limerick ndeye ... Limerick: tsanangudzo, mafomu, zvinhu, nhoroondo uye vanyori vakakurumbira

Yakagara ichizivikanwa kuti zvose izvo zvisiri nhetembo zvinogona kunzi "prose". Asi mhedziso yakatarisana ndeyechokwadi: zvose izvo zvisingashandisi ndezvenhetembo. Iwe unogona kuwana nhetembo yekunakidza kwose: kwenguva yakareba kana pfupi, kusuruvara kana kufara, zvakanaka kana zvakaipa (kunyange zvazvo mashoko aya ari pasi pepamusoro), nezverudo, nezvehondo, nezvekurasikirwa. Asi ikozvino tichazotaura pamusoro pfupi uye kufara kwaCeltic chastushki, kana vachigona kutumidzwa saizvozvo.

Tsanangudzo

Limerick ndeye chimiro chekunyora chakaonekwa mukati mezana remakore regumi nemapfumbamwe muIreland uye inonzi zita reguta reLimerick. Pane imwe nheyo iyo Limerick yainzi mutsara unodzokorora kana chori munziyo dzeIrish militia masoja. Ndicho chechishanu chisingafungi, satirical kana zvinyadzisa. Iyi nhetembo yakakurumbira pakutanga yaiva chigadzirwa chemhando dzevanhu uye yakabatsira kujekesa upenyu hwevashandi vekuChirungu neIrish. Nhoroondo yeRimerick inotungamirira muongorori kubva kuBritish Isles kuenda kuEuropean continent, kusvika kuFrance. Yaiva ipapo iyo mauto, achida nyika yavo, akaimba nziyo dzavo uye izvi zvakarangarirwa nemafungiro echiFrench.

Nhoroondo

Mukuwedzera kune shanduro yepamutemo, kune dzakawanda zvekufungidzira zvisingatowedzera kubva pakuti ivo vanowana nyore nyore kusavimbana pakati pezvenhau dzakaitika kare. Nokudaro, vamwe vanyori vanotaura kuti Limerick (Irish chastushki) akange aripo munguva dzeNyika Yekare, sezvo kune uchapupu mumitambo yeAristophanes. Bhuku reBritish Museum rine zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvakafanana zvichibva muzana remakore rechigumi nemana. Vanowanikwa mumabasa eShakespeare mukuru, asi kazhinji munguva iyo inotsanangura unyanzvi hwevanhu.

Chinyorwa chinowanzoshandiswa ndeyekuti Limerick ndiyo yakasikwa naLangford Reed, uyo asina kungounganidza zvinyorwa, akazvinyora, asi akanyorawo panguva yake. Izvozvi maonero anotaura kuti iyi mhando yezvinyorwa haifaniri kuverengwa zvakare, sezvinowanzoitwa nhetembo, asi yakaimbwa. Uye zvakakosha kuchengetedza kubvisa pamagumo edima imwe neimwe: "Uchadzokera kuLimerick here?"

Maitiro

Limerick sechimiro chechimiro chechirungu chemafirimu ine fomu yakaoma kwazvo. Uyu hutsika hausi hwoga muvanhuwo zvavo nhetembo. Yakanyatsogadziriswa mashizha, nzira ye rhyming, nhamba yemitsara mune imwe stanza. Kana chimwe chimwe chinhu chisati chasangana, saka hachisi chimerick, asi chimwe chinhu.

Ndima iyi ine mitsara mitanhatu, iyo yekutanga inonyorerwa nechipiri uye yekupedzisira, uye chechitatu nechina. Sezvakataurwa mune imwe nhepfenyuro shomanana, kutanga kuzivana nemunhu: munyori anoratidza zita rake uye anodana gamba remu hero. Mitsara mitatu inotevera inofanira kutaura pamusoro penyaya yakangwara kubva paupenyu hwomunhu uyu, uye mugore rechishanu inoratidza maitiro evanhu muchiitiko ichi. Mune marayirinikirini yeanonical, mitsetse yekutanga neyokupedzisira inoguma nenzira imwecheteyo.

Mamwe mashomanana emagetsi

Unganyora sei Limerick? Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuziva kuti zvii zvinyorwa zviyero uye kuti zvinogona sei kushandiswa mune imwe nzvimbo. Asi kutanga, ngatitarisei zvakatemwa. Saka:

1. Iko-monosyllabic ukuru, kana brachycolon, inoratidzirwa nekuti muga roga roga (boka rezvinyorwa zvine dambudziko rimwe chete) mune shoko rine syllable imwe chete.
2. Zvikuru Zvikuru-zviviri:
   - Horay - kushungurudzika kuri pane syllable yokutanga mutsoka. Mutsara, kazhinji kushamisika kuchave kusinganzwisisiki (kutanga, chechitatu, chechishanu).
   - Iamb - kushungurudzika kunowanikwa pachigoni chekupedzisira mutsoka, uye mavara echipiri (wechipiri, wechina, wechitanhatu) anotorwa sekutya.
3. Utatu-syllable kuyerwa:
   - Anapaest - inomira inoumbwa nemaoko maviri asina kudzivirirwa uye imwe yeruzhinji. Muenzaniso ibasa reAA Blok.
   - Amfibrachy - rutsoka rweshatu-syllable rine syllable yakasimba mukati. Kazhinji inowanikwa mumabasa eNekrasov.
   - Dactyl inzira yekare yekumhanya, rutsoka runosanganisira yekutanga kwenguva yakareba (kushamiswa) uye maviri mashoma (asina kudzivirirwa). Akasarudza M. Yu Lermontov.

Urefu hwemimerick

Iye zvino, tichiziva zviyero zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa munhetembo, tinogona kutaura kuti limerick ine ndima mitatu yakareruka. Asi haasi mitsetse yake yose yakafanana mune rhythm.

Kana iri yekutanga uye yechipiri, pamwe neyechishanu, unogona kutora chikamu, saka chetatu nechina chechina unofanira kushandisa amphibrachium. Uye zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinobatsira kuwana rwiyo rwemhando uye rwiyo, kusununguka kwekuyeuka. Kubudirira icho icho Limerick chakanyorwa pamakona ose chakanyanya kuoma. Kunyange hazvisi pachena kuti sei mitambo yakaoma yakadai uye yakawanda yemagungano mukunyorwa kwaive yakakurumbira muBrithani. Asi zvakajeka, mafungiro, mamiriro okunze ane utsinye uye nguva yakawanda yekusununguka mumwedzi yechando yakakuita iwe uchifunga kuti kufara kunowedzera kufadza.

Vanyori vakakurumbira

Mukurumbira pakati pevanyori veLimerick hapana mubvunzo Edward Lear. Akaunganidza firikori munzvimbo dzose dzeEngland neIreland, akabudisa mabhuku akawanda ne Limerick, uye vakave nekubudirira kunoshamisa. Iko yekutanga yekuunganidza yakanamatira zvinyorwa zvitatu, zvinoshandurirwa mumitauro yakawanda yenyika. Ndima imwechete iyo Lir iye pachake akanyora, kutakura zvakadzama zvakavanzika zvinoreva, kufambidzana nechitenderera chakacheka chevadzidzi vanoziva nehupenyu hwemunyori.

Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, limericks akanyora Lewis Carroll, Wendy Cope, uye kunze kweUnited Kingdom kakangosvika makumi maviri ekupedzisira-zana remakore makumi maviri nemakore rokutanga iyi fomu yakatanga kupararira mumutambo nzvimbo.

Shanduro

Inotsanangurwa zvinoreva limerick, iyo inokwezva munoteereri, inonzwisisika chete kumunhu wekutaura. Shandura iyo, kuchengetedza chimiro, ukuru uye zvinoreva, pamwe nekunyengedzera, - basa rinenge risingakwanisi. Kazhinji vanyori vanoshandisa mitambo yemashoko uye zvinyorwa, zvisingatauriki. Nokudaro, mushanduri anoda kushandisa unyanzvi hwake hwose kuti adzore zvakare chirevo chekutanga chinyorwa, kana, kuziva chirevo chiri mukati maro, nyora imwe itsva, sezvavanotaura, pasina. Basa guru nderokuchengetedza chimiro uye nekukura, nokuti kunze kweizvi, ndima yacho ichashanduka isina maturo, uye kunyange isina kurongeka.

Limerick inzira chaiyo yeBritain yekuzviratidza, kuisa pfungwa dzako nenzira yekuseka, kuitira kuti parege kuva nomunhu anogona kufungidzira kuti yakakomba sei. Zvakaoma kune vatorwa kuti vanzwisise utsinye uhwu, uye kuti uzvinzwisise mukukwana, zvakakosha kuzvarwa nemutauro weChirungu kana zvakanyatsotarisana nehupenyu, tsika netsika yeChirungu. Ndiko, kurarama pana Foggy Albion kwemakore makumi mana, kwete zvishoma.

MuchiRussia mabhuku ezuva ranhasi, zvakare, pane mienzaniso yakanaka yekuumbwa kwemimerikov. Izvi, ichiti, hero yaBoris Akunin - Nicholas Fandorin, uyo ainzi Russia akaberekerwa muGermany, asi muChirungu ari munzira yekufunga, kurera uye tsika. Akanyora ndima shomanana, kuratidzira mafungiro ake kune izvi kana chiitiko ichocho muupenyu hwake. Munyori akakwanisa kuwana kushamisa kunzwisisika kwezwi, chimiro uye ukuru.