British Museum: mapikicha uye wongororo. The British Museum muLondon: Exhibits

Regai kuva kururama kana tichiti, zvichida, zvikuru nevanhu UK vashanyire kukwezvwa ndiye British Museum muLondon. Uyu ndiwo mumwe zvefuma kupfuura munyika. Nenzira inoshamisa, akasikwa nomuzvarirwo (uyewo vamwe mamiziyamu dzakawanda). Its hwaro vaiva dzakavanzika kuunganidza matatu.

The British Museum iri munzvimbo 6 hectares vari zvivako yakavakwa kwemakore anopfuura zana nemakore. Ivo ane Exhibits ose anozivikanwa tsika munyika nhasi. The British Museum muLondon - rimwe masangano mashoma European izvi sandara, izvo zvinofadza akasiyana kwete chete, isingawanzowanikwi Exhibits. The Chimiro pacharo chinhu chaizvo zvakaitika kare uye netsika Monument.

mazhinji kwazvo zera rake (Makore 250) chokuita ne nhoroondo nyika umo sayenzi chaiwo kaiva. Zvichida ndokusaka kwete anorichengeta uye yokudhirowa, musayendisiti, zvakasikwa, ndiye muvambi wesangano yakakurumbira musangano. Tiri kutaura youmambo chiremba Sir Hans Sloane (1660-1753). Muupenyu hwake akakwanisa kuunganidza wakakura muunganidzwa ethnographic, rwokuzvarwa sayenzi uye uri Exhibits, achimiririra kukosha zvikuru.

British Museum: Exhibits

The runoratidza miziyamu ichi - guru-siyana Exhibits. Archaeological uye ethnographic curiosities vari parutivi mifananidzo, vanovengwa rwokuzvarwa-sayenzi bapiro, zvekare, mabhuku uye zvivezwa.

Museum of History

British National Museum akatanga nhoroondo yaro muna 1753. Panguva kuti zvakasikwa kubva UK Hans Sloane ikazopiwa ake akasiyana muunganidzwa rwacho. Huro miziyamu yakanga aifarirwa rinokosha chakaitwa Parliament Great Britain. Pakazosvika 1759, apo miziyamu kwaitanga basa rayo, dzakaunganidzwa Exhibits kukasawedzerwa zvamambo raibhurari.

zvivezwa

Hazvina zvazvisingarambiki parera muunganidzwa, inova kudada British Museum. zvivezwa izvi zvinonzi Parthenon anokosha (kana Elgin anokosha). The zita vakagamuchira chokuremekedza Count, akanga avabudisa munyika yavo panguva Greece. Nhasi, ari miziyamu unozvirumbidza nyika guru kuunganidzwa chivezwa Asian. Egyptian Antiquities dhipatimendi ane muunganidzwa, rinosvika vanenge zviuru 66 makopi, uye rekare rechiGiriki muunganidzwa inoumbwa dzinoverengeka nyika yakakurumbira ounyanzvi: Demeter chifananidzo, mumwe bust pamusoro Pericles nevamwe.

Mazita creators avo asingazivikanwi, pasinei yokusiyana uye zvezvinotaurwa mabasa. Pane shanduro kuti mifananidzo uye friezes of Parthenon - basa yakakurumbira muvezi wokuGreece (Phidias), uyo akatarisira kuvakwa Acropolis. Kwete nyika ino chete akaedza kudzoka Parthenon anokosha. Uyewo, England hakuna kukurumidza kutaura bhayibhayi pfuma inokosha. divi rimwe nerimwe rine yayo mafungiro panyaya iyi: vaGiriki akadana aina unokosha zvinoera kuba, British vashandi miziyamu vanotenda kuti ichi chipimo chivezwa kuponeswa kubva pakuparadzwa.

Zvichida, mativi maviri kodzero dzavo. Earl pamusoro Elgin akatora chairwo chaizvo hurumende mvumo nokuda aina zvimwe zvinhu munyika. Pakazosvika nguva vari kutorwa pamusoro ne British Museum, kuti Parthenon pamusoro zana, zviri mune chakasakara matongo.

Rosetta ibwe

Pasina mubvunzo, izvi ndeimwe yakakurumbira Exhibits, izvo vaiva ne British Museum. Kwebhokisi yakawanikwa mukupera XVIII remakore. Akabvumira Jean Champollion (French wenhoroondo-Orientalist, nyanzvi) kushandura yekare muIjipiti. Nhasi, kakasaririra ichi anokwazisa vashanyi muEgipita miziyamu horo.

Amai Katabet

Matatu nehafu chemakore - makore Amai muprisitikadzi waAmoni-Ra, ainzi Katabet. muviri wake wakanga wakaputirwa mumucheka. Munhu Rinotaura gilded chifukidzo, iyo chinofananidzira mufananidzo muprisitikadzi. Zvinofadza kuti sarcophagus pakutanga varume. Zvimwe Amai ichi - Brain vakadzi, mukusiyana kune zvose dzimwe nhengo hadzina kubviswa.

Hoa Haka-Nana-Ia

Collection of British Museum ane mumwe chiwanikwa. Ichi vokuPolynesia chivezwa, akauya kubva Easter Island. Inonzi Hoa Haka-Nana-Ia. On zita iri Russian anoshandura se "chakabiwa (kana chakavigwa) nerimwe." Pakutanga Moai wakavezwa akanga kupendwa chena uye yakatsvuka, asi nokufamba kwenguva pendi apera, chipped of uye vakafumura basalt tuff. Izvi yakasimba dzinongoitika zvinhu raishandiswa zvaAtemisi monolithic chivezwa.

The ndebvu of sphinx Great

Nemhaka kuitwa Dzhovanni Batisty Caviglia, chizvarwa Italy, weBritish Museum ane kwayo muunganidzwa chinhu of Great sphinx ndebvu. Mukurumbira mushingi Caviglia akasarudza kuchera chikuru Kukwezva Giza. Henry Salt (British Ambassador) kuisa ezvinhu enterprising vokuItaly kuti vose vakawana zvinhu anosungwa kutamira British Museum. The dzasara zvimedu imwe ndebvu kuti Caviglia akasiya mujecha, ikozvino zvakachengetwa muEgipita Museum iri Cairo.

Raibhurari of British Museum

Rakava hwaro hwakagadzwa muna 1753 imwe muunganidzwa Ages-Saxon uye chinyorwa unganidzwa nokuda Sir Hans Sloane. Pfungwa rakasikwa raibhurari rinotsigirwa George II. Akapa kuna miziyamu naMambo Edward IV raibhurari. Mumwe Makopi 65 zviuru akazviratidza kuunganidza muna 1823. Chaiva chipo King George III. Muna 1850, kuti miziyamu kuvaka imwe yakakurumbira kuverenga wamakamuri nyika yakavhurwa - kwakashanda Karl Marks, Lenin, uye vamwe vanhu vakakurumbira.

mune rechi20 muraibhurari remakore

The chiitiko chinokosha munhoroondo muBritish Library kuti zvakaitika XX remakore. ina National muunganidzwa wemabhuku dzave akabatanidza muna July 1973. Gare gare vakanga vakabatana mumaraibhurari pamusoro kuScotland uye Wales. Muna 1973, kuti Library System yakatangwa. Zviri inoshanda nhasi - vaverengi vanogona kuwana bhuku chero iri UK.

In chete (XX) remakore muBritish Library muunganidzwa akazviratidza dzechiBuddha manyoro uye tanga mabhuku akadhindwa kubva Dunhuang. Muna 1933, Britain Museum yakatengwa muRussia zviuru zana rimwe Codex Sinaiticus - anokosha ipfungwa vechiKristu kuti simba Soviet vaiona izvozvo zvisingakoshi ane kuna Mwari vanhu.

raibhurari muunganidzwa

Nhasi ndiro nyika guru muunganidzwa wemabhuku, manyoro uye manyoro. The muunganidzwa ine makopi anopfuura zana namakumi mashanu zviuru. Kubvira 1983, akaonekwa ari Library National Sound Archives. Pano, chengeta manotsi uye ruzha dzakarekodhwa, zvinyorwa zvenziyo mabasa - kubva Handel kuti "The Beatles".

mifananidzo

The British Museum ane kupfuura kwemasimba zvinhu ounyanzvi. Asi kana isu kutaura pamusoro Qualitative zvinoriumba, hazvina muduku Louvre kuParis, kana St. Petersburg kuti Hermitage. Maererano nenhamba nyika yakakurumbira ounyanzvi weBritish Museum haana akaenzana. Pakati yakakurumbira vemifananidzo munyika, zvimwe zvisingaiti kuwana munhu ane mifananidzo zvisipo panguva London pamusangano.

ekisiposha Gallery

Chokwadi, kuva pamhenderekedzo Albion, ndinoda kudzidza unyanzvi panzvimbo ino. Nyaya iyi inopa yakazara British Museum. Paintings ane Painters kukuru aimiririra nharaunda uye Portraits pamusoro Lawrence uye Gainsborough, Hogarth kwakaita satirical mifananidzo. Vanoratidza British uri chikoro yepakutanga wayo kusiyana. England Painting achikwikwidza pamwe nomukurumbira mifananidzo kubudikidza Italian vemifananidzo, Spain, Netherlands, izvo zvinonzi nevakawanda kumiririrwa mu London National Gallery.

Pano unogona kuona "Mhandara of Rocks" (Leonardo da Vinci). Izvi yokupedzisira Ipfungwa mifananidzo zvakachengetwa panguva Louvre. Museum vashanyi vanogona kunakidzwa mifananidzo matanhatu Botticelli. Pakati pavo vane chiwanikwa ichokwadi tenzi - "Venus uye Mars". The Kuratidzwa mabasa zvakanaka kumiririrwa Piero della Francesca, Antonello Messina, Veronese, Tintoretto, Tiziano.

Kana iwe uri rombo zvakakwana kushanyira British Museum, musapotse kuunganidzwa emifananidzo kubudikidza Carlo Crivelli - Venetian, aigara uye aishanda XV remakore. Nhasi, basa tenzi ichi chikuru hachisi sezvo yakakurumbira sezvo kuguma XIX remakore, apo ake "Madonna Rondino" akaripawo chihombe Nemutengo - 2184 LBS. Iwe kunzwisisa kukosha kwebasa iri, tinoona kuti chete huripo mufananidzo ari maberere guru painter Della Francesca akanga vawana panguva iyoyo pa 241 pondo.

Chinonyanya kukosha muunganidzwa pamusoro miziyamu ndiye Netherlands School. Inoitwa emifananidzo zvina Yana Van Eyck. Chero miziyamu munyika hapana pfuma yakadaro. The chikuru ukoshi - ndiwo mumwe mukuru emifananidzo ake - mufananidzo Arnolfini. Pano unogona tinyatsoziva basa Memling, Kampen, Christus, Bosca, Van Der Weyden, kudhakwa uye nedzimwe nyeredzi Flemish kupenda. Uyezve, uchaona mifananidzo kubudikidza Rubens, Brueghel, Rembrandt, Van Dyck.

Usaenda yoenda pfungwa dzavo pabasa Vermeer pakati Delft - Dutch painter of XVI remakore. The British Museum ine mbiri mabasa ake. Zvinonzi, nditende, mumwe mujenya. The kupfuura asinganzwisisiki rechiDutch vemifananidzo, Vermeer, akasiya mabasa vashoma vari munyika yose mune nyaya inokosha. Kunyange chete nhanhatu emifananidzo ake anogona kuonekwa yake yaakaberekerwa Holland.

Zvikuru zvikuru muna miziyamu inoratidza mabasa rakakurumbira Spanish - Murillo, El Greco, Ribera, Goya, Zurbaran. Okugadzira zvinhu painter mukuru Spain Diego Velaskesa anomiririrwa pfumbamwe mifananidzo, uye pakati pavo pane imwe zvikuru nomukurumbira mabasa ake - ". Venus iri pagirazi"

muunganidzwa wokuGermany namaberere havana yakakura. Kunyange zvakadaro, basa vatenzi makuru akadai Cranach, Altdorfer, Holbein, Durer, Poussin, Watteau, kuwanika miziyamu.