Hondo yeLapland: kurwisana nemigumisiro

Hondo yeLapland ndeimwe yezvikamu zviduku zvinozivikanwa zveHondo Yenyika II. Hazvina kudiwa kutaura, zvechokwadi, nezvekukanganisa kwakanyanya kwezviitiko zvehondo iyi mukukunda kukuru kweU.SR, asi izvi zvekuita zvehondo zvakakonzera kuderedzwa kukuru kwehuwandu hwevadzivisi veUnited.

Chii chakaitwa naHitler kuFinland?

Iyi hondo yakanga isingadai iri iyo mamiriro chete ekukunda kweHitlerites pamusoro peUUSSR, kusvika muzhizha ra1943. Nei iri zuva chaiyo? Ichokwadi ndechekuti Finns yakatanga kufungidzirwa nevaJalimane sevabatsiri mukurwisana neUSSR. Pakazosvika 1941, yakarongwa kusimbisa hondo yeFinnish ine nhamba dzakawanda dzeGermany nokuda kwekuvhiringidza neFinland nenzira yaKarelia neLeningrad.

Kutaura zvazviri, mamiriro ezvinhu akazosiyana zvakasiyana. Mutemo weFinnish wakagamuchirwa nawo une brigade 303 yekuzvidzivirira uye zviduku zvishoma. Kubatsirana kwekambani kwakaratidzwa mukuendeswa kwematangi makumi maviri nemakumi matatu nemaviri kuenda kuFinnns nemaJalimane, ayo akanga atova muchikwata cheuto reGermany kwemakore anopfuura rimwe.

Izvo zvine musoro ndezvokuti Finland yakanga ine zvichemo zvayo pamusoro peUSSR nokuda kwezviitiko zve1939-1940, saka vamiririri vevanhu veSuomi pakutanga vakaona mu Wehrmacht mutsigiri uyo anovimbisa kubatsira kudzorera nzvimbo dzakarasika.

Lapland Hondo: mamiriro ekurwisana

Mutemo weGermany wakanzwisisa kuti nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare Finland yaizobva kuhondo kurwisa USSR. Havana kukwanisa kurwisana nemasimba avo pachavo kupikisana neUnited of Suomi. Kushanda nesimba, vakamira kare kare muna 1942 (muzhizha). Hondo yeFinnish-German yakamira pakuchengetedza nickel inowanikwa munzvimbo yePetsamo (ino Murmansk iye zvino). Nenzira, kunze kwezvombo, rutivi rweFinnish rwakagamuchirawo zvokudya kubva kuGermany. Pakati pe1943, zvinhu izvi zvinogumira. Zvisungo izvi hazvina kuchinja maFinnns, sezvo vachinzwisisa zvikwereti zvose zvekuita nharo kurwisa USSR. VaGermany, ivowo, vakanzwisisa kukosha kwekutonga pamusoro pemainickel deposits, uye naizvozvo vakaronga kuendesa zvimwe zvikamu kune dzimwe nzvimbo kana zvakakodzera. Nokudaro, hukama hweGermany-Finnish hwakagadzirwa sechando cha1943.

Zvinokonzera zvikonzero zvehondo

Muna 1944, kurwisana pakati peU.SR neFinland kwakasimbiswa. Icho chiri pamusoro pekutyisidzira kweSoviet mauto mumuganhu webasa reVyborg-Petrozavodsk. Somugumisiro, mushure mekushanda uku, Finland ne USSR zvakasaina chibvumirano chorugare pamusoro pemashoko anotevera:

- muganhu pakati pezvematongerwo enyika unosimbiswa sa1940;

- USSR inowana simba pamusoro pePetsamo sector (nickel deposits);

- Kukodzwa kwenharaunda pedyo neHelsinki kwemakore makumi mashanu.

Mamiriro ezvinhu ekubvumirana kwechibvumirano chorugare neUnited States aida zvakadai:

- kudzingwa kwemaGermany kubva kunyika dzeFinnish;

- kusununguka kwehondo yeFinnish.

Lapland Hondo - ndiyo, chaizvoizvo, zviito zveFinnns, zvine chinangwa chekuita zvinodiwa zveMateyano weKunyararo weMoscow.

Nzvimbo dzekutanga dzinotangira hondo

Nhamba yeboka panguva yaSeptember 1944, apo Hondo yeLapland yakatanga, yakataura nezvekushandiswa kwakakwana kwemauto eGermany. Iyo imwe nyaya-mune mamiriro api ekutenda aiva aya mauto, zvakadini zvavakapiwa teknolojia, mafuta, nezvimwewo. Hondo yeFinnish iri pasi pemurairo weYalmar Sialasvuo yakaverengwa vanhu zviuru makumi matanhatu. Boka revarwi veGermany, vakatungamirirwa naLothar Rendulich, vakaverengwa kusvika kusvika zviuru mazana maviri zvevanhu.

Mauto eFinnish akatarisa zvakanyanya. Kutanga, vazhinji vezvikwata zvaive nehunyanzvi hwokubatanidzwa muhondo dzehondo yeFinnish. Chechipiri, matanho eT-34 neKV eSoviet akagadzira akaendeswa kuuto reSuomi. Ukuru hweva fascists muhuwandu hwevanhu ne 140 mamiriyoni hwakange hwakanyatsoperedzerwa nekanaka mune teknolojia.

Hondo Inotanga

Hondo yeLapland muFinland yakatanga musi waSeptember 15, 1944. Chirongwa chemaJalimane chaiva chokuti mauto avo aizotora chitsuwa cheHogland uye aigona kudzivirira Soviet Baltic Fleet. Kune fascists, Finland haina kumbobvira iri chinhu chakakosha. Yakanga yakashandiswa senzira yekudzinganisa uye yekudzivisa, kuitira kuti veSoviet vaitwe huwandu hwesimba ipapo uye havakwanisi kuendesa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinokosha. Saka, zviitiko zvakaitika nenzira inotevera. Pachivako ichi, musasa wegungwa wakadzivirirwa wakabva. VaGermany vaitora pamusana pekushamisika, asi musungo uyu hauna kuvashandira. Mukuwedzera, vaFascist vakavhara nzira dzose dzechitsuwa chacho. Hondo yacho ingadai isingave iri, kana Finns yainge yabvumirana nemirayiro yekutonga kwekuuya kwekuzvipira, asi vakanzwisisa kuti vakanga vakamira kunyika yavo, yavaifanira kuchengetedza.

Chitsuwa cheHogland chakanga chisina kutora mauto eGermany. Kana tichitaura pamusoro pekurasikirwa kweGermany masimba muhondo iyi, ipapo mune zvakasiyana-siyana inopiwa zvakanyatsopesana nemashoko. Pane uchapupu hwokuti mauto evanhu vakasvikirwa vakarasikirwa mukupikisana uku kwevanhu 2153 vakaurayiwa pasi uye mune zvikepe zvakasviba. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinotaura kuti hondo yose yeLapland yakatora anenge 950 upenyu hwemauto eGermany.

Kurwisana munaOctober-November 1944

Pakupera kwaSeptember 1944, hondo huru yenyika yakaitika pedyo neguta rePudojärvi. IFinnns yakakunda iri kurwisana. Maererano nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, mhedzisiro huru yehondo yakange iri kuregererwa kwechirevo chekudzoka kwemauto eFascist kubva kuEstonia. MaGermany akanga asiri akasimba semakore ekutanga eHondo Yenyika II.

Musi wa30 September, kushanda kukuru kwemauto eFinnish kwakatanga, umo kuendeswa kwemasimba kubva Oulo kuenda kuTornio kwakaitwa negungwa. Musi waOctober 2, simba rakawedzerwa reuto reFinnish rakauya kuzosimbisa nzvimbo yaTornio. Hondo dzakasimba dzakaitika panzvimbo ino kwevhiki.

Izvo zvinopisa mauto eFinnish akaenderera mberi. Gumiguru 7, hondo yeSuomi yakatora guta reKemijoki. Ngationei, kuti kuburikidza nechimwe nechimwe kupfuurira mberi kwaive kwakaoma, nokuti vaHitlerite vakawana kurwadza ruzivo uye vakasimbisa nzvimbo dzavo. Mushure mokutora kwaOctober 16th kweguta reRovaniemi, icho chinonyangadza kubva muchikamu chinoshingaira chinopinda muchiitiko chimwe chete. Hondo idzi dzinoitika pamwe chete nemutsara unodzivirira wevaGermany pakati pemaguta eIvalo neCaressuvanto.

Hazvizivikanwi Lapland War War: Kubatanidzwa kweSUSS

Masoja eUnited States akaita basa rinofadza zvikuru mukati mekukakavadzana pakati peFinland neGermany. Mukurwisana, Soviet ndege yakabatana, iyo, muchirevo, yaifanira kubatsira Finns kuchenesa nharaunda yehurumende yavo kubva kumaNazi. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vehondo vanoti pane mamiriro akasiyana:

- Soviet ndege dzakaparadza zvachose zvigadzirwa zveGermany nevashandi;

- Soviet ndege yakakonzera kukanganisa mune zvivako zvekuFinnish, zvigaro zvehondo zveuto reSuomi.

Kuzviito zvakadaro zveUnited States zvinogona kunge zvichitsanangurwa. Hondo yeLapland ye1944 yevashandi vakawanda veSoviet ndivo vakatanga kurwa, nokuti vashandi vaiwanzovandudzwa nekuda kwekurasikirwa kukuru. Kushayikwa kwechiitiko kwakakonzera kukanganisa kwevatyairi. Mukuwedzera, shanduro yeimwe kutsiva kwehondo isina kubudirira ya1939 inobvumidzwa.

Kwenguva refu mauto eSoviet ehondo haana kupinda mukurwisana pakati peFinland neGermany, iyo yakazoguma, kazhinji, kubva muna July 1943. Pamberi peuto maiva nechisarudzo chekugadzirisa: kuva neFinland seine shamwari neshamwari kana kuti kutora. Vatungamiri veRed Army vakasarudza sarudzo yekutanga semugumisiro.

Chikamu chechipiri chehondo

Muna Gumiguru 1944, Hondo yeLapland (chinyorwa chakabatanidzwa) yakagamuchira rutsva rwekuvandudza. Pfungwa yacho ndeyokuti chikamu cheBlack Army chakapinda mukurwisana pane iyi yepamberi. Musi wa7-10-10, maSoviet Army mauto akarwisa nzvimbo dzaHitler munzvimbo yePetsamo (nickel ore deposit). Migodhi iri munzvimbo ino yakabereka kusvika ku80% nickel, iyo yakashandiswa mukugadzira zvombo.

Mushure mokurwiswa kwakabudirira neSoviet Army uye nguva dzose kupikiswa kubva kuFinnns, maGermany akatanga kudzokera kunharaunda yeNorway, yavakatora. Kusvikira mugumo waJanuary, masimba makuru e Wehrmacht akabva kuFinland. Zuva rekuguma kwehondo ndeyeApril 25, 1945. Yaiva pazuva rino apo musoja wekupedzisira weGermany akasiya nyika yeSuomi.

Migumisiro yehondo

Pano munhu haafaniri kutaura zvisingagumi zvemigumisiro yehondo yeLapland pamwe chete nemigumisiro yeHondo Yese Yechipiri Yenyika yeFinland. Nhamba yehupfumi yehupfumi yakanyanyisa kuwira. Vanhu vanopfuura 100 000 vakamanikidzwa kuva vapoteri nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwedenga pamusoro pemisoro yavo. Izvo zvose kuparadzwa kwakafungidzirwa muchiyero chakaenzana nemamiriyoni mazana matatu emadhora eAmerica pamwero we1945.