Chitsuwa Hogland. The zvitsuwa Gulf Finland

Gulf of Finland muSt Petersburg, pasinei okunze kuzvidzora uye kunyange "chando" rine zvakawanda zvinoshamisa nzvimbo, akazadzwa runako uye nhoroondo kunoshamisa. Mumwe zvishongo - Hogland - Chitsuwa muna Leningrad mudunhu. Munhu wose akashanyira Hogland, kutaura nezvazvo sezvo nyika anoshamisa uye nemamwe.

Mabviro

Swedish zita Hogland chitsuwa anoshandura se "dzakakwirira." Zvechokwadi, pane hwakanaka marefu, masango, matombo kumahombekombe, kusiya anenge vertically mumvura. The nzvimbo yose maitire Eastern Fennoscandia. The Finns ainziwo kubvira panguva yakare pachitsuwa Suur-Saari, mushanduro - ari "Land Great."

miganhu

Hogland Island - makuru mumvura Russian iri Gulf Finland. Riri 10 makiromita kumabvazuva Russian muganhu nepagungwa pamwe Finland. Kuchamhembe Kumaodzanyemba rwakaramba munenge 11 km, uye yakafara zvinobva 1.5 kusvika 3 km. Nzvimbo yose chitsuwa - 20,65 km ^2.

nzvimbo

Zvinoita isingagarwi munda nenzira yakakodzera uye saka chinokosha panzvimbo. Kurudyi, riri 180 makiromita St. Petersburg, Gulf Finland pamwe Kronstadt nhare, imwe huru zvengarava Russian (Primorsk, Vysotsk, Vyborg, Ust-Luga). Kusiyiwa - Finland uye Estonia.

The chitsuwa anokamura kumadokero, zvikuru zvakadzama uye vava Gulf of Finland, kubva kumabvazuva chikamu - a kudzika uye yakachena. The nenzvimbo Coordinates ose pachitsuwa:

• 60ᵒ01 '- 60ᵒ06' s. W.
• 26ᵒ56 '- 27ᵒ00' mu. d.

The pedyo Finnish town Kotka iri 43? Km kumabvazuva. In rwezasi Estonian pemhenderekedzo Gulf anenge 55? Km kure, uye chitsuwa Tyuters Great - rwezasi-kumabvazuva, pane chinhambwe 18.5? Km kubva kumaodzanyemba Cape. Daro nenzira yakarurama mutsetse kuna Ust-Luga - 85? Km.

The zvitsuwa Gulf Finland: Hogland

Zvakazorodza chiwi chinonzi dissected zvakasimba, mhedziso kwakadzikira siyana 108 M iri kuchamhembe chikamu (Poheyskorkia chikomo) kuti 175,7 M kumaodzanyemba (Lounatkorkia chikomo). Kazhinji pane mumawere anosvika 10 metres kana kupfuura, kufadza yakakwirira (50-70 m) vanosvika kumadokero mujinga zvikomo uye Myakiinpyayallyus Haukkavuori.

Pamwe kumiganhu kumabvazuva uye vokumadokero ndivo coves diki uye zvitsuwa zviduku zvakawanda. Shore kazhinji matombo, mukati bays - pamwe hurungudo boulders, uye chete muna Bay Suurkyulyanlahti - zvakachena jecha pamhenderekedzo. Izvi yakavharwa uye dzinokodzera ngarava Bay iri kumusoro-kumabvazuva kwechitsuwa chacho. It runochengetedzwa Chidembo uye gwara ane kudzika 4.2 M panguva Inlet, pamukova makubhiti 90 m. South Bay chiri Suurkyulyanlahti okuberekwa Finnish kumakuva.

Lighthouses

Pachitsuwa pane mbiri yechiedza. North Hogland Cuba, rakamiswa pamusoro pegomo Poheyskorkia akavaka pasi Peter Mukuru muna 1723. Southern Hogland rakaumbwa muna 1905 kubudikidza nomurayiro Nicholas II. Sezvo 2006 mabasa chiteshi kure Tracking ngarava, yakavakwa pedyo South Lighthouse. The chete tsvina mugwagwa ichipfuura chitsuwa yose, unobva zvivako zviviri.

mabasa nesayenzi

Gulf of Finland kuti masayendisiti ibhuku rakasiyana dzinongoitika rabhoritari, apo, pasinei chiitwa vanoshingaira evanhu, mararamiro rachengetedzwa yaro yepakutanga chimiro. Complex zvipenyu nzendo Biological Research Institute of St. Petersburg State University nokuda kudzidza zvitsuwa Russian chikamu Gulf Finland, kusanganisira chitsuwa Hogland, vakabata gore negore kubva muna 1991 kusvika 1995 pamusoro kuvafarira uye zvakananga Kupinda of Director pakati D. V. Osipova.

Ipapo vakaramba muna 2003-2004 ari gadziriro kwemajoini mabasa BiNII uye Finnish Environment Institute (TSOSF). Muna 2004 muchidzidza akapiwa mari nokuda Environmental Fund of Leningrad nharaunda. Geological ubanguranyika chacho chakatanga muna 2001 uye akaramba muna 2003-2004. Unganidza zvinhu kutsanangura zvinomera akabata Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences muna 1994-1998 uye muna 2004-2006. The vaunganidza zvokunyama anobvumirwa kuita botanical zoological uye Geological map nharaunda,, uye kuti chamber kuchinja mamiriro pachishandiswa kare vakagamuchira mashoko.

The UNESCO mureza

Hogland Island wechisikigo kukwezvana kwete chete. Muna 1826 pachitsuwa nyanzvi yokuGermany-Russian, mutungamiriri Pulkovo Observatory V. Ya. Struve inotangwa rakasiyana chinhu kuti rutivi chinzvimbo chirongwa kuverenga ukuru uye chimiro Nyika. Vanonzi "Struve Geodetic Arc", Munotatamura kubva kumahombekombe kweArctic Ocean kusvika Danube, kuzivikanwa UNESCO somunhu World Heritage Site.

Maererano mazita, zvinhu zviviri - "pfungwa Z» uye «Myakipyallyus Ndima" (musoro chete zita dombo) - zvakarongwa pamusoro kure ichi kubva kumhenderekedzo munyika mugove. Pano Victor Ya uchiona pamakona uye azimuths, chero bedzi zvinokosha nyeredzi mashoko. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvakakosha ndiyo Gulf Finland.

In St. Petersburg maiva musangano yakatsaurirwa kuna zvinhu "Struve Arc". On rinokosha rwendo yakatumwa kuchitsuwa, izvo zvinofungidzirwa chaiwo mamiriro chinhu UNESCO. Kuti zvichengete chikuru vane mbiri muchadenga chiratidzo iiswe. The wokutanga - pachikomo Myakiinpyayallyus. Zviri chirangaridzo Dombo ne akanyorwa "geodetic pfungwa Myakiinpyayallyus nheyo muna 1826. Q. I Struve. Before Ismail 841.657 toise kuna Gammerfasta 660130 toise. Nokuyerwa wokutanga Meridian chinhu chakakombama muRussia kubvira 1816 kusvika 1855. ".

Suurkyulyanlahti pedyo apo panopinda, musango, panguva forogo munzira inoenda North bhikoni, akadzika mumwe shongwe, anonzi yakatsaurirwa nokuyerwa iri Meridian V. Ya. Struve. Ichi chiratidzo muchadenga "Hogland Z» kwave yakaiswa vashandi of Pulkovo Observatory.

nhoroondo gadzira

The zvitsuwa Gulf Finland ine vanhu kubvira panguva yakare. Ravo rokutanga Inoziva Sami. Izvi runoratidzwa zvinhu zvitsvene yakawanikwa pamisoro zvikomo - mabwe, heti, vanonzi Sadie, nevakoma "atari", akafanana nzvimbo dzainamatirwa Saami of Kola Peninsula.

Mune kare foreseeable ramangwana Hogland aiva chikamu Sweden. The ngano vanoti kuti madzitateguru kure vepazvitsuwa vaiva Pirates uye zvisiri pamutemo. ngano ava anobata, sezvo pachitsuwa riri pedyo inokosha nevezvokutengeserana uye matombo nzvimbo iri anoshamisa mahombekombe panopinda buccaneers, wavanotibira zvikepe ichibva kumavirazuva kupinda Neva uye Novgorod.

Nokuti Russia chitsuwa akabvapo muna 1743 mushure kuguma runyararo chibvumirano Sweden. In July 1788 pa Hogland aiva muhondo wengarava pakati kuRussia uye Swedish fleets, rinozivikanwa Hondo Hogland. Yakaguma kukunda yeRussian rengarava, izvo zvakazoita Russia yabatanidza ayo zvarinoroora chacho.

yemakuva ngarava

Hogland Island iri mhiri Gulf Finland, chaiwo mumwoyo, saka pedyo kare kuzoitwa zvine gungwa nzira. A vazhinji Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye pose mabwe vaiva kukonzera kakawanda yokuputsikirwa nengarava nemhenderekedzo Hogland. Pakuyeuka vaairarama kuchengetedza nhoroondo rufu Russian matatu-masted nechikepe chikepe "America", vakatora nzvimbo October usiku muna 1856. Mudziyo akatakura matanda uye nesimbi iri Tallinn, asi kamwe nedutu kure kuchamhembe-kumhenderekedzo yokumabvazuva, akarova dombo uye akanyura pedyo North Lighthouse. At kumakuva pedyo nomusha Suurkyulya kuona makuva maviri umo 2 vakuru uye 34 vezvikepe vaibva chakaparadzwa chikepe vakavigwa "America". Muna 1999, zvisaririra nomumwe mungarava mukachikepe yawanikwa nenhengo Estonian kirabhu "Ichthyander" Maahelli Bay kure kumadokero echitsuwa chacho.

Kuberekwa redhiyo

Zvechokwadi yezvisikwa kukurumbira chitsuwa vakauya kwesayenzi kuedza A. S. Popova, kana pakupera January 1900 yakatanga hwakagadzwa kutaurirana pakati Wireless teregirafu uye chitsuwa Finnish pamusoro Hogland Kutsalo pedyo Kotka. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti chikonzero kuedza redhiyo yakanga yaparara chikepe. Yehondo "General-Admiral Apraksin", vachienda nokuda chando Kronstadt muna Liepaja pachiteshi, November 13, 1899 yakarova munhu anyatsofukidzwa dombo kubva kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo.

Bvisa kubva padombo pasi kutanga yechando ekunze uye kukurumidza paumbwe chando nemhenderekedzo chitsuwa zvakanga zvisingaiti. Nokuti sangano zvokununura basa aifanira kumisa anotsvedzerera kutaurirana pamwechete pedyo kugarwa, iro raiva guta Kotka, uye kuburikidza nawo - kuna St. Petersburg. Pashure zvinoverengeka harina zvibereko kuedza kumisa wokutanga redhiyo kukurukurirana mutsetse musi waJanuary 24, pamwe pakakwirira Lounatkorkia (ava kunzi Volcano Popov) pakupedzisira kubudirira redhiyo yokutanga mashoko raiparadzirwa. Pakuyeuka chiitiko ichi pamusoro nzvimbo yokutanga wokutepfenyurisa akagadzawo Dombo rekare rakanyorwa nezvokukunda uye shongwe A. S. Popovu.

XX remakore

Kubvira 1917, apo Republic of Finland yawana rusununguko, chitsuwa Hogland akaenda Finland. Paiva misha miviri Finnish - Suurkyulya (rakashandurwa sezvo Big Village) uye Kiiskinkyulya (Ershov musha), rine vanhu vanenge chiuru vanhu, kunyanya kuita hove uye chisimbiso kunovhima. Saka, maererano, pachitsuwa vanhu 896 akararama maererano 1929 vaverengwe. nheyo dzimba usingazununguki, masvingo ibwe, vaibvisa munda - zvose uchapupu aimbova upenyu vepazvitsuwa rugare yakaramba iri nzvimbo ekare misha. Pashure okuguma Soviet-Finnish hondo pakati mashoko rugare chibvumirano (1940) Hogland hwakatamisirwa Soviet Union.

Zviitiko kunoshamisa kwakaitika muna chitsuwa panguva Second World War. Muna August, 1941 zvikepe, mungarava iyo vaiva vapoteri - vana, vakadzi, akaedza kutyora kubva rakakombwa Tallinn kuna Kronstadt, asi vakaparadzwa ndege German. Vezvikepe yokuzviparadzanisa ngarava pasi Admiral IG Svetova akanunura vanopfuura zviuru 12 vanhu vakanga vari mumvura. Under kuda Admiral, akavigwa 1983 pamahombekombe apo panopinda Suurkyulyanlahti rakatevera kuSheori varwi rawa. On nzvimbo iyi akavaka obelisk.

Panguva Great Patriotic Gulf Finland akava pachimiro Soviet-German kukakavadzana. Vanotyisa Hondo dzakarwiwa pakati Soviet, Finnish uye German mauto pamusoro Hogland. Monument varwi rawa anguva pamuchinjikwa wemuti yakaiswa pagungwa Liivalahdenyarvi.

Current mamiriro

Hondo Yapera pachitsuwa vakasikwa masvingo, muAtlantic ane simba radar kudzivirira achangobva namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara. Zvino pano kunongova muganhu mumhanyi diki uye mhenyu kufamba basa vashandi kushumira lighthouses, uyewo vashandi ari Meteorological yemapurisa, uchishanda pachitsuwa kubva pezana XIX remakore.

Hogland administrative chikamu Kingisepp District, (Gulf Finland, Leningrad nharaunda). Muna Bay Suurkyulyanlahti kukura nzvimbo pakati. Yakavakwa-nyaya mbiri hotera euroclass kare kugamuchira vashanyi. Saka, kubva boka revarwi vanorinda chitsuwa chiri Russian miganhu mvura muganhu Hogland iri zvishoma nezvishoma akashandura kupinda tourist Mecca yoKumabvazuva reBaltic.