Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich: chiitiko chekare

Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich kubva 970 kusvika 988 aiva muchinda weNovgorod. Muna 978, Mr .. Kiev yakatora ndokutonga ikoko kusvika muna 1015. Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich, ane biography yakanyatsorondedzerwa zvakajeka mumabhuku, akaita rubhabhatidzo rwaRus. Muchiso chevatsvene kwairemekedzwa saVaAkafananidza-kune-VaApostora. MuRussian Orthodoxy pazuva rekuyeuchidza - musi waJuly 15, Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich inorumbidzwa.

Historical portrait

Mukubhabhatidzwa, muchinda ainzi Bhasil. Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich mu bylinas inozivikanwa pasi pezita raSaint, Krasnoe Solnyshko. Amai vake, maererano nenhau, ndivo vaichengetedza imba Malusha, avo vaibva kuLyubech. Maererano netsika dzechihedheni, mwanakomana wemuranda angave mugari wenhaka kuna baba-prince. Gore chaiyo umo Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich akaberekwa haazivi. Baba vake vakaberekwa, maererano nezvinyorwa zvekare, muna 942. Mwanakomana weVladimir wedangwe, Vysheslav, akaberekerwa munenge muna 977. Kubva pane izvi, vatsvakurudzi venguva yekare vanoona gore rokuberekwa kweRed Sun, 960.

Maererano ne "Nhau" Nestor, Vladimir ndiye wechitatu wekutanga weSvyatoslav mushure me Yaropolk naOleg. Zvisinei, pane imwezve hypothesis. Maererano nemimwe mishumo, aiva mwanakomana wechipiri, sezvo baba vake vasati vaenda kuByzantium akagamuchira muna 970 tafura yepamusoro mukosha Novgorod. Uye Oleg, zvakare, akagara munyika yeDrevlyan, iyo yaive yeOvruch. Seve mutungamiri weVladimir, Dobrynya akasarudzwa.

MuScandinavia sagas mune nyaya inonakidza yekuti Olaf I Tryggvason (ramangwana ramambo weNorway) akashandisa sei hucheche hwake uye huduku muvhu reNovegorod. Amai vake vakamanikidzwa kutiza mhondi yemurume wavo kuna mambo Vladimir (Valdemaru). Akanga ari panguva iyoyo akashumira Sigurd - munin'ina wake. Zvisinei, akabatwa nemakororo eEstonia. Sigurd akanga ari mutariri wekutora mitero munyika ino. Nenguva isipi, akasangana naOlaf ndokutenga. Mukomana uyu akaendeswa kuNovgorod. Pano akarera pasi pekutonga kwaVladimir. Gare gare, Olaf akagamuchirwa kupinda mu squad, kwaakazozivikanwa zvikuru pakati pemasoja.

Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich: short biography

Mushure mekufa kwababa vake muna 972, Prince Yaropolk akava mutungamiriri muKiev. Pakati pake nevakasara hama muna 977 hondo yepececine yakatanga. Oleg ari kurwisana naJaropolk panguva yekudzoka akatsiviwa nemabhiza akawira mugomba. Vladimir akakwanisa kutizira kunyika dzevarangi. Saka Yaroslavl akatanga kutonga Rus Rus. Munguva iyi Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich pamwechete naDobrynia vakaungana muuto reScandinavia. Muna 980, akadzokera kuNovgorod ndokudzinga posadnik Yaropolk. Zvadaro anotora Polotsk, iyo yakaenda kune rumwe rutivi rweKiev. Panguva imwecheteyo, Princess Rogneda akatorwa nechisimba semudzimai wake.

Yaropolk panguva iyoyo yakavanzwa muKiev. Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich, pamwe chete nehondo yakawanda yeVarangian, vakaenda kumadziro eguta racho. Sezvakanyorwa nezvenhoroondo yacho, voivod Yaropolk yaiputirwa. Akaita kuti muchinda atizire kuguta duku reRoden. Pano, Vladimir akatengesa munun'una wake kuhurukuro, umo mairi Varangiani "vakasimudza mapakatwa ake pachipfuva chake". Mudzimai ane pamuviri Yaropolk, akawana murongo. Mushure mechinguva, Varangians vakakumbira kubhadhara kwebasa. Vladimir akatanga kuvimbisa chipo, asi akazoramba. Akatumira chikamu chemauto kuConstantinople, achikurudzira Mambo weByzantium kuti amurambe munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Vamwe veScandinavians Vladimir vakasiya naye.

Mutemo wechihedheni

Vladimir akavaka temberi muKievna, uko zvidhori zvevanamwari vatanhatu zvakagadzirwa: Perun, Mokoshi, Stribog, Khors, Dazhbog, Semargla. Pane humwe uchapupu hwokuti muchinda akaita zvibairo zvevanhu, savaScandinavians. Iyo yekare mutungamiri Yaropolk yakasimbisa hukama neLatin West uye yaifarira chiKristu. Kubva pane izvi, vatsvakurudzi vanogumisa kuti kurwisana nechitendero cheOrthodox chakanga chave chagadzirwa muKiev chakanga chiri chinonzwisisika. Munguva yekutambudzwa, Varangians John naFyodor vakafa, mumwe wevatendi vokutanga muRussia.

Epiphany

Muzvinyorwa pane tsanangudzo ye "chisarudzo chekutenda" naVladimir. Akadana vaparidzi vedare rechiJudha, Islam, Catholicism. Zvisinei, mushure mokunge ataura ne "muzivi wechiGiriki", anosarudza kutora chiKristu. Maererano nezvinyorwa, muna 987 pamakurukota ediki mukomana akasarudza kubhabhatidza. Sezvo maOrthodox ane magwaro anopupura, Vladimir mushure meizvozvo akasunungura madzimai echihedheni kubva pamabasa avo. Rogneda akazvipira kusarudza murume wake, asi akaramba, achitora mhiko dzakawanda.

Muna 988, muchinda akatora Korsun, achikumbira mudzimai wake Anna - hanzvadzi yevaByzantine madzimambo Constantine VIII naBasil II. Vatongi, vachitya kupinda kweuto raVladimir, vakabvumirana. Zvisinei, madzimambo aida kubhabhatidzwa kwake kuti Anna aifanira kuroorwa nemudzimai wemachechi. Mushure mokugamuchira mvumo kubva kuna Vladimir vakatumira hanzvadzi nevapristi kuKorsun. Mutungamiri neboka rake rose vakapfuura mutambo, mushure mokunge mutambo wewanano wakaitika.

Kubvumidzwa kwechiKristu muRussia

Mushure maizvozvi, Vladimir akadzokera kuKiev uye akaraira nokukurumidza kuputsa zvifananidzo zvose. Imwe nzvimbo yapfuura inoratidza kuti rubhabhatidzo rwemuchinda rwakapfuurwa muna 988, uye akatora Korsun makore matatu gare gare uye pashure pekudaro izvo zvakatanga kutsvaka mudzimai kubva kune madzimambo eByzantium. MuKiev, kutendeuka kwevanhu kukutenda kutsva kwakanga kuri rugare. MuNogorgorod, rubhabhatidzo rwaitungamirirwa naDobrynia. Kubvumidzwa kwekutenda mutsva kwakaendeswa pano nekumanikidzwa kwakakurumbira, kwakadzingwa nechisimba. Nyika yeRostov-Suzdal yakanga yakangozvigadzikana nemhaka yekubviswa kwayo. Panyaya iyi, chihedheni chakakunda kusvikira muzana remakore rechina.

Masoja emasoja

Chii chakakudza Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich? Mutemo wepamba uye wekune imwe nyika wekuchinda waitungamirirwa zvikurukuru mukudzingiswa kwevakidzani uye kuwedzerwa kwemasango avo kuAkare Rus. Mazhinji emishandirapamwe ake akabudirira zvikuru uye akabvumirwa kuwedzera zvakanyanya miganhu yenyika. Saka, muna 981 (maererano nemamwe mabhuku muna 979) akarwisana naMieszko I - mutongi wePoland. Somugumisiro wehondo, Vladimir akatora Przemysl naCherven. Mumakore 981-982. Machinda akabatanidzwa nenharaunda yeMavatichi. Muna 983, Vladimir akasimbisa simba rake pamusoro pekutongwa, achikunda Yatvingi dzinza. Izvi zvakazarura nzira yeRussia kuenda kuBaltic.

Muna 984, muchinda akakunda Radimichi. Muna 985, Vladimir akarwisana pamwe nekutambudzwa kwevanhu vekuBulgaria. Somugumisiro, nyika yaibatsira Russia. Muna 988, Mr .. Korsun yakatorwa. Maererano nemabhuku, guta racho rakawira mushure mekukombwa kwakakura, apo varindi vakachera mapaipi nemvura inobva mumatsime. Muna 991, semugumisiro wekufamba kune nyika dzeCarpathia, dzaive dzakabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kweRussia. Muna 1000, zviuru mazana matanhatu zvevarindi vakapinda muByzantine kupesana neArmenia. Panguva yekutonga kwake, Vladimir akakwanisa kugumisa zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvekubatsira nePoland, Byzantium, Hungary, uye Czech Republic.

Pechenegi

Nharo dzavo dzakagadzirisa nguva dzose zvinetso kumuchinda. Muna 996, Vasilev akanga asina kukwanisa kurwa. Muna 997 maPechenegs akarwisa Kiev. Muna 1001 uye muna 1013 pakanga paine kupinda kukuru kwePolish-Pecheneg. Mushure memazana emakore, zviyeuchidzo zvezviitiko izvi zvakatora maitiro evanhu vakawanda. Somuenzaniso, pane nhoroondo pamusoro paNikita Kozhemyak, Belgorod Kisele, etc. Kuchengetedza kubva kuPechenegs, nhare dzakawanda dziri kumucheto wezasi weRussia dzakavakwa. Pasi kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba kumiganhu, kuruboshwe uye kurudyi kumativi eDnieper yaiva nemitsetse yezvokuchengetedza uye pasi.

Muna 1006-1007 makore. Bruno weQuerfurt (mumishinari weGermany) akanga achifamba neKiev. Aive kuenda kuPechenegs kunoparidza Evhangeri. Vladimir, achiitora pamwe naye, akaedza kumudzivisa kubva parwendo. Zvisinei, mutungamiriri akakundikana kunyengetedza mumishinari. Ipapo Vladimir akazvipira kupedza iyo neboka rake kumiganhu. Pano Bruno akaona palisade, kureba kwayo yaiva anenge 800 km.

Vana nemhuri

Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich mu epic inozivikanwa se "guru libertine". Izvi zvinoratidzwawo nezvinyorwa zveTimur Merseburgsky (muJerman munyori). Mukuwedzera, muchinda akanga ari mumitambo yakawanda yechihedheni. Pakati pemadzimai ake raiva Rogneda, "Chekhov" (iyi kubatana, maererano noumwe humwe uchapupu, yaida Vladimir kurwisa Yaropolk), "Bulgarian" (hazvizivikanwi kuti ndeupi weBulgaria aiva nemudzimai - Danube kana Volga). Maererano nerimwe bhuku, Gleb naBoris vaiva vanakomana vekupedzisira. Uyezve, mumadzimai ainzi Vladimir aiva nechirikadzi yaive nepamuviri Yaropolk, uyo akadzingwa mune rimwe remakambani. Mushure mechinguva akabereka Svyatopolk - mwanakomana "kubva kumadzitateguru maviri". Panguva imwe chete, Vladimir akamufunga kuti ndiye mugari wenhaka yake. Svyatopolk pachake akabvuma baba va Yaropolk. Vladimir, akafunga somunhu anonyengera.

Mushure mekubvumidzwa kwechiKristu, mutungamiriri, zvichida, akanga achiri muukaro hwechiKristu. Wokutanga waiva naAna, mukunda weByzantine . Akafa muna 1011. Mushure mekufa kwake, pakanga pane mumwe mudzimai, asingazivikanwe "nyamukuru we Yaroslav". Pakupedzisira, Vladimir aiva nevanakomana gumi nevaviri uye vanasikana gumi.

Mifananidzo yemukuru

Kubvira muna 988, srebreniki uye zlatniks dzakagadzirwa, apo Vladimir 1 Svyatoslavovich yairatidzwa. Mufananidzo wechinda unovewo uripo pazvikamu zvina zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuUkrainian banknotes muUAH 1. (1995-2007). Mufananidzo wayo unoshandiswa pamari yemari muna 1 ne10 UAH. Mukuwedzera, mufananidzo wacho wakashandiswa pane mari yeSoviet yejubheri ye100 rubles. Yakabudiswa muna 1988 mukukudzwa kwegore rechi100 yemari yekare yeRussia. Chifananidzo chemuchinda chiripo mune mamwe mavhopu emaputi uye matampu.