Ndege Soviet Hondo Yenyika II

Pashure nokugadzirwa wokutanga ngozi namano avo mazano vakatanga kushandisa zvinangwa zvechiuto. Saka kurwisa ndege, kuva chikuru muchiuto dzose nyika zvenyika. Nyaya ino inotsanangura zvikuru nevanhu uye inobudirira ndege Soviet vakaita mupiro chaiwo kukunda yechiFascist nechisimba.

Dambudziko pamazuva hondo mangwanani

Anenge zvose Soviet avhiyesheni ivhu vaiva mberi, uye saka vakaparadzwa pakutanga kurwa, havakwanisi kuratidza pachavo mudenga pakurwa. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaipa ave kurudziro huru nokuda kukura uye kuvandudzika nemakirasi ose ndege - mainjiniya Soviet akanga kwete chete kuti kukwira kurasikirwa, asiwo kutanga mauto matsva uye vane ndege zvikuru ano Soviet Union. Mumazuva ano dzinonetsa ezvinhu, zvinhu uye kushayikwa kwenguva, Developers ndakasika munhu mhepo simba simba kuti akakwanisa kwete chete kutsungirira "Luftwaffe", asi kunyange munzira dzakawanda kudarika izvozvo.

U-2 biplane

Zvichida kucherechedzwa, uye wokutanga ndege Soviet kuti mupiro chaiwo kukunda - ari U-2 biplane - yakanga yakasarira chaizvo uye yemazuva ano akashongedzerwa. Chikonzero chacho sezvechinyakare chaiva kukura yepakutanga pamusoro ndege sezvo chokudzidza chishandiswa piloting. Biplane aisagona kutsungirira chero payload nokuda saizi yayo, mamiriro, yasimuka uremu, simba hwokugadzira parameters yacho injini. Asi basa "kudzidza yebato" U-2 dzakakunda kupfuura inoyemurika.

Uye nenzira, zvikuru tisingatarisiri takawana chaiyo biplane yetsiva kushandiswa. The ndege akanga vakapakata silencers uye wokuisira nokuda diki mabhomba, uye nokudaro akava biplane zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita, anokunyengedzera uye ngozi chaizvo bhomba, zvakasimba asunga ichi basa idzva kusvikira pakupera kweHondo Yenyika II. Mushure wokutanga vakabudirira ruzivo wokushandiswa U-2 ndege makasimbisa maduku-dzikapupurira pfuti. Vasati kuti, kuti vezvikepe vaifanira kushandisa pfuti chete private.

murwi ndege

Nokururamisira vanotsvakurudza Aviation World funga nguva iyi yendarama zera evadzimi. Panguva iyoyo kwakanga kusina radar, midziyo kombiyuta, chafariz imagers uye homing zvombo. Taitamba basa chete kuona private mutyairi wendege kuti unyanzvi uye Chokwadi, nemhanza.

Muna 30-ies of USSR akatora unhu chiero kweShanduro murwi ndege. Mumwe wokutanga varwi yakabuda kubva mafekitari of Union, akanga I-16. Wakange akafuka nemikonachando 1941, asi kurwisa simba Luftwaffe, nhamo, vakasagona. ndege Soviet Hondo Yenyika II chete pashure yakareba mazuvaano vakapa zvakakodzera kurambwa kuti muvengi mudenga. Takatanga kusika vangasimudzira yakasiyana varwi yemazuva ano simba.

Third-3 uye Yak-9

Hwaro pamasikiro third-3 sehofisi muviri third-1, aiva yaaizofanira kuva dutu Soviet muchiuto avhiyesheni, mumwe muvengi akakodzera magora German. The ndege havukavu aigona mhanyisa 600 km / h (kwete zvose ndege Soviet of Great Patriotic raingowanikwa nokukurumidza zvakadaro). Third-3 akasununguka akwira munhu kukwirira 12 makiromita, zvakanga musoro yapfuura yokutevedzera. Izvi akasarudza chinangwa achirwa ndege. Iye akazviita somunhu dzemakomo murwi uye akashanda mudenga kudzivirira hurongwa. Pashure pehondo, ndege zhinji Soviet zvakatangwa pachishandiswa third.

Asi tikafunga zvakanaka zvine chokuita third-3 aiva payakaipira. Saka, pane imwe kukwirira kupfuura 5 makiromita ndege akarasikirwa nokukurumidza uye vakaderera mupikisi. Naizvozvo, Developers makatanga kuritsiva uyu niche murwi Yak-9. Izvi chiedza kurwisa motokari, sezvo Yakovlev-9, aiva zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita chaizvo uye simba zvombo. Vezvikepe chaizvoizvo vanoyemurwa ndege iyi, vanobhururuka yaiva zvinobudirira. Kufanana murwi uye French nevatsigiri chehondo "Normandy - Niemen", kuva kuongororwa mhando dzakawanda, vakarega kusarudza pamusoro Yak-9.

Sezvo third-3 uye Yak-9 Vakanga vakabata pfuti 12.7 kana 7,62 millimeters. On dzimwe mhando iiswe 20-millimeter pfuti. Asi pasinei zvaionekwa zvombo simba, Soviet WWII ndege vaifanira kuvandudza zvombo.

La-5

New kubva Lavochkin Design Bureau akamborara drawback ichi, kuti La-5 ari akashongedzerwa vaviri cannons ShVAK. Uyewo ari murwi ndege dzedenga-haachandidi injini. Injini yaiva zvishoma yechinyakare, asi akatsigira amene, kunyanya kana zvichienzaniswa mvura-haachandidi Motors. Chokwadi chokuti mvura-dzaserera injini, kunyange chitsidzo, asi wakadzikama chaizvo. Zvakanga zvakakwana kuti zviduku zveMagwaro injini uye kuuraya vamwe chubhu, izvozvo pakarepo rinomira. Zviri ichi chinowanikwa design, uye Developers kumanikidzwa kupfeka La-5 huru, asi yakavimbika mhepo-haachandidi injini.

Kutaura zvazviri, panguva kukura Lavochkin kwatova ane simba chaizvo uye ano injini M-82, ipapo vane widest kuparadzirwa, vazhinji ndege Soviet vachapiwa vakagadzirira navo. Asi panguva injini rave asi haana vakapfuura nekuongororwa zvakakodzera, uye kugona kumisa mutsva La-5.

Pasinei zvose nezvinetso, asi La-5 aiva danho rakasimba mberi maererano kukura murwi ndege. The muenzaniso Kunoonekwa kwete chete nokuda vanachiremba Soviet, asiwo vezvikepe of Luftwaffe. Zvisinei Lavochkin zvakatyisa vezvikepe German, kufanana nezvimwe ndege Soviet Hondo Yenyika II.

Il-2

Zvichida kunozivikanwa kurwisa Soviet ndege - ndiro IL-2. Soviet ndege kubva WWII vakaitwa musi chaiwo design, pamatanda zvakagadzirwa nesimbi kana huni. Panze, ndege yakanyatsoiswa sheathing plywood kana jira. Inside nemamiriro kuisa injini uye chombo runoenzanirana. Maererano ichi musimboti monotonous zvakagadzirwa zvose Soviet ndege muhondo.

IL-2 aiva muenzaniso itsva Zano ndege zvakagadzirwa rokutanga. The Ilyushin Design Bureau akaziva kuti nzira iyi yekudyidzana inoderedza magadzirirwo uye vawedzere uremu kwayo. The itsva Magadzirirwo nzira akapa mikana mitsva zvimwe zvokufambisa kushandisa ndege uremu. Saka paiva Ilyushin-2 - ndege, izvo nokuti ayo akasimba zvikuru nadzo ashandira remadunhu- "ichibhururuka tangi".

IL-2 vokuGermany akasika incredible nhamba matambudziko. The ndege pakutanga yakashandiswa sezvo murwi, asi basa iri akaratidza kwete abudirire. Simba maneuverability uye nokukurumidza haana kupiwa IL-2 chinotipa kurwisa nokukurumidza uye nokupwanya varwi German. Kunyanya kuti dziviriro simba pamusoro rwemberi ndege akabvumira kundorwisa IL-2 varwi German shure.

Nezvinetso ndege uye ruzivo Developers. Munguva yose nguva World ihwohwo IL-2 ari dzichichinja, uye akanga vakapakata nzvimbo mutyairi yechipiri. Izvi pangozi chokwadi chokuti ndege aigona kuva unmanageable zvachose.

Asi zvose izvi zvinoitwa anobudiswa zvinodiwa mugumisiro. The chepakutanga 20-millimeter pfuti vakanga yakatsiviwa guru-caliber 37 mm. With vakadaro zvombo simba kurwisa ndege akatya anenge marudzi ose pasi varwi kubva inifanduri kuti matangi warrior motokari.

Maererano nedzimwe Kuyeuka vezvikepe vakanga akarwa IL-2, vachiridzira kwepfuti arwise ndege kwakatungamirira ndechokuti ndege chaizvo hwaiva dzedenga simba zvikuru. Kana kurwiswa muvengi murwi muswe miseve akafukidza mugove pachena pamusoro IL-2. Nokudaro, kurwiswa chaizvoizvo zvinobhururuka nhare. chinyorwa ichi kunosimbiswa ndechokuti kurwisa akatora mamwe mabhomba mundege.

izvi unhu zvose vakabudirira zvikuru uye Ilyushin-2 ndege aingova irreplaceable chero pakurwa. Kwete chete raiva kunozivikanwa kurwisa ndege Hondo Yenyika II, asi akadambura rekodhi pagadzirwe :. dzinokwana zviuru 40 Makopi zvakabudiswa munguva yehondo. Saka, Soviet-yaitonga ndege vaigona kukwikwidzana pamwe Luftwaffe muzvinhu zvose.

Ndege

The bhomba, kubva tactical nemaonero, chikamu chinokosha emauto avhiyesheni chero pakurwa. Zvichida kucherechedzwa Soviet bhomba Yenyika - munhu Pe-2. Rakanga zvakangonyuka tactical murwi supercarrier, asi pamwe nguva yakashandurwa uye akaita ngozi svetuka bhomba.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Soviet ndege bhomba kirasi debut rakanga panguva Great Patriotic War. Ndege, zvimiso pamusoro kwaita zvinhu zvinoverengeka, asi vakuru pakati pavo paiva kukura dzedenga kudzivirira hurongwa. Pakarepo kuva anokosha nzira yokushandisa Ndege, iro raireva yokutaura kuti kupfura panguva mukuru kukwira, rakapinza kuderera kuti kukwirira mabhomba, zvakafanana chimbichimbi kushaya mudenga. nzira iyi pakabereka zvibereko.

Pe-2 uye TU-2

Dive bhomba mabhomba, kwete kutevedzera chinjikira mutsetse. Iye chaizvoizvo inowira chinangwa chake uye anosiya bhomba chete kana chinangwa chacho mamita chii 200. Mugumisiro zvakadaro tactical danho - hwakakwana rwakatwasuka. Asi sezvo munoziva, ndege yakaderera kukwira pfuti Anti-ndege anogona kukuvadza, asi ichi kugona kukanganisa hurongwa kugadzirwa Ndege.

Saka Zvakazoitika kuti bhomba anofanira nokubatanidza asiri superimposable. Zvinofanira kuva kure sezvinobvira kuti chiine maneuverable, uye nokudaro kutakura rinorema zvombo. Mukuwedzera, bhomba magadzirirwo iri akafanoona sezvo yakasimba kuti anogona kukunda matambudziko pfuti Anti-ndege. Naizvozvo, Ndege Pe-2 vakaenda kwazvo basa iri.

Bhomba Pe-2 anotsigira rakafanana parameters of Tu-2. Waiva mapatya-svetuka bhomba, yaishandiswa nokuda pamusoro anotsanangurwa mazano. ndege iyi dambudziko raiva duku mirairo iri fekitari womuenzaniso ndege. Asi pakazopera hondo dambudziko rave kugadziriswa, TU-2 kunyange upgraded uye zvinobudirira kushandiswa muhondo.

Tu-2 kuita zvakasiyana-siyana yetsiva mishoni. Akashanda sezvo akangokudenha ndege, bhomba, ushori, Avangard uye interceptor.

IL-4

Tactical bhomba IL-4 zvakarurama ashandira musoro yakaisvonaka ndege Huru Patriotic War, zvichiita kuti zviome kuvhiringidza pamwe chero ndege. Ilyushin, 4, pasinei kukura kunzwisisa management, yave yakakurumbira muna Air Force, ndege vaishandisawo Avangard bhomba.

IL-4 yakanga wakaiswa munhoroondo ndege, iyo akaita kubhomba pakati guru Third Reich rokutanga - Berlin. Zvino haana May 1945, uye muna kuwa 1941. Asi kubhomba haana kugara kwenguva refu. In yechando, mberi kwaita haachatauri kure kune East, uye Berlin zvava pasigasvikirwi kuti Soviet svetuka Ndege.

Pe-8

Bhomba Pe-8 munguva yehondo zvakanga zvisingawanzoitiki uye vasamuziva, dzimwe nguva kunyange pasi kurwisa kwavo kuzvidavirira. Zvisinei, ndiye akaita chinonetsa muhondo mishoni.

Long-siyana bhomba uye kunyange kubudiswa mukupera 30, asi yaiva chete ndege mukirasi yaro USSR. Pe-8 akanga soro kufamba nokukurumidza (400 km / h) uye huwandu mafuta ari tangi anobvumirwa kuuya bhomba, kwete chete Berlin, asiwo kuti vadzoke. Ndege vakapakata zvikuru huru-caliber mabhomba anosvika mashanu peche Fab-5000. It Pe-8 yakabhombwa Helsinki, Königsberg, Berlin, panguva apo mutsetse pamberi yaiva mudunhu Moscow. Nokuda uchishandisa kuwanda Pe-8 inonzi inokosha bhomba, uye mumakore iwayo kirasi ndege pasi kukura. All ndege Soviet the World Yechipiri zvaiva kirasi evadzimi, Ndege, ushori kana chokufambisa, asi kwete kuna Strategic Air Command, chete Pe-8 aiva rudzi Kusara mutemo.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha akavhiyiwa kuti Pe-8 - ngoro Soviet Minister Foreign Molotov muna US uye muUK. Ndege kwakaitika muchirimo cha1942 kusvikira nzira kuti achipfuura Nazi-inogarwa mundima. Nenyundo akafamba pamusoro mufambi shanduro Pe-8. mashoma zvidimbu kunge vakava ndege kwakadaro.

Nhasi, nemhaka rwokugadzira zvinhu, vakatakura makumi ezviuru vanhu zuva nezuva. Asi mumazuva iwayo okutanga ehondo yasimuka aiva Feat, zvose vezvikepe uye vanhu. Kwagara mukana kunayiwa zvakanaka, uye ndokupfura pasi Soviet ndege - kurasikirwa kwete chete upenyu, asi yakawanda kuvadza mamiriro, ndiko kuti dzosera zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo.

Kupedza imwe ongororo duku, iyo inorondedzera zvikuru nevanhu Soviet ndege Hondo Yenyika II, tinofanira kutaura chokwadi kuti zvose kukura, kuvaka uye mhepo hondo kwakaitika ezvinhu enyika chando, nzara uye kushaya cadres. Zvisinei, muchina mutsva mumwe nomumwe yaiva danho rinokosha kukura nyika avhiyesheni. Mazita Ilyushin, Yakovlev, Lavochkin Tupolev richaramba nokusingaperi munhau zvechiuto. Uye kwete chete vakuru zvakagadzirwa bureaus, asiwo vanhuwo mainjiniya uye vashandi zvavo vakaita kubatsira zvikuru kuti kukura avhiyesheni weSoviet.