Confederation German (1815 - 1866)

Confederation inonzi "German Union" kwakatora zvishoma kupfuura makore 50. Yaiva kuedza kuchengeta nekuyanana pakati zvakawanda inoti German.

MARARAMIRO OF THE

Nokuti vakawanda nhoroondo yaro, Germany yakakamurwa dzikava zhinji ukuru, duchies uye umambo. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti nhoroondo zviri pokumuka mundima idzi. Muzana X remakore yakanga akasika Hutsvene hweRoma. Kunoita vose inoti German, asi zvakasiyana inoti mukati maro ainakidzwa kuzvionera.

Nokufamba kwenguva, simba yamambo yakaramba, uye pakutanga ari XIX remakore muEurope vakatyora Napoleonic hondo, izvo pakupedzisira akaratidza inefficiency wegadziriro yakare. Francis II abdicated muna 1806 uye akazova gavhuna yeAustria. Uyezve, zvaaiva mundima yakakura muna Central Europe: Hungary, Czech Republic, Croatia zvichingodaro ..

Kuchamhembe Austria, ari kuwanda rinoti duku, uyewo umambo Prussia, iyo yakava chikuru aikwikwidza Austria. Mushure Napoleon vakakundwa, ndimo makapiwa dzose pamusoro kondinendi akasangana muVienna muna 1814 kuti vakurukure remangwana nyika murayiro. Mubvunzo German aiva mumwe kiyi, nokuti Hutsvene hweRoma, de facto, hatichamuzivi yavapo.

Mutongo Vienna Congress

By Mutongo Congress of Vienna, June 8, 1815 yokuGermany Confederation yakatangwa. Waiva Confederation - mubatanidzwa kuzvimirira inoti. Ivo vose vaiva zvakafanana German ani. A guru muchinangwa pakusikwa Confederation akaita chinhu yeAustria Wenyika Klemens Metternich.

miganhu

Miganhu mubatanidzwa German yaisanganisira 39 nhengo. Vose vakanga pamutemo vakaenzana, pasinei nokuti vatongi madunhurirwa zvinosiyana chaizvo. chirwirangwe German yaisanganisira yeAustria Empire, umambo - Bavaria, Württemberg, Hanover, Prussia, Saxony, uyewo zhinji zvemisoro. Takanga mairi, uye mumaguta zvokuvhoterwa (Valenza, kuHamburg, muLübeck uye Frankfurt) kuti yose Middle Ages uye ano neropafadzo unozvipiwa ne Kaiser.

The guru nyika - Prussia neAustria, aivawo nyika, izvo De jure kwete chikamu German Confederation. Rakanga mudunhu apo vamwe vanhu vakararama (Hungarians, Poles, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Mukuwedzera, pakusikwa German Confederation iroro rinokosha mamiriro nzvimbo German kuti vaiva nedzimwe States. Somuenzaniso, korona British akabata achiri uye Humambo Hanover. The raitonga youmambo yakanga muLondon akagara nhaka kubva kuhama dzake.

political zvinhu

Rakanga akasikawo nokuda mumiririri mutumbi German Confederation - Union musangano. Rakanga akapindwa vamiririri vose nhengo mubatanidzwa. Sezvo musangano chechikamu muFrankfurt, guta rino aionekwa somunhu chakarongwa kuwadzana guru. Kuwanda vamiririri vehurumende vairarama ukuru hwaro. Saka, muAustria aiva kupfuura simba muungano. Panyaya iyi, mumiriri muviri kashoma vakasangana simba rizere, uye emwedzi vaigona kugadziriswa uye vashoma mavhoti.

Kusikwa German Confederation zvakanga zvakakodzera kutanga States duku, izvo vaida kuchengeta imwe nzvimbo sezvo zvakanga pamberi Napoleon kuti nechisimba. hondo European shuffled muganhu mukati Germany. Napoleon akasika chidzoyi wehurumende, izvo hakuna kugara kwenguva refu. Zvino diki ukuru maguta vakasununguka, akasiya pasina kudzivirira simba guru iri munhu mambo Mutsvene hweRoma, vachiedza kuzvidzivirira kubva hasha nevavakidzani.

Confederation German muna 1815 aikudzwa ne zvakasiyana-siyana enyika siyana. Vamwe hurumende yake vakaramba kurarama pasi autocracy, nepo vamwe vane mumiririri miviri, uye chete ari zviumbu ine yayo bumbiro vakaomerwa simba namambo.

Revolution pamusoro 1848

Munguva kuvapo German Confederation munharaunda yayo nhengo rinoti vakatanga zveupfumi uye dzisangopfuma. Somugumisiro, mashoko kunetse mamiriro ezvinhu proletariat, waiva mumwe zvinokonzera kubva 1848 chimurenga. Popular mienzanisiro kurwisa hurumende panguva iyoyo kwakaitika mudzimwe nyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira France. In Austria, pokuchinja uyewo vaipfeka national hunhu - the Hungarians akabvunza rusununguko. Vaiparadzana chete pashure kuzonunura mambo mauto akasvika Russian mambo Nicholas I.

Mune dzimwe inoti German pokuchinja kwezvinhu 1848 kwakaita kuti mazvake. Mune dzimwe nyika, kushandisa bumbiro.

RweAustro-Prussian Hondo uye pokutaura

Kwemakore, musiyano iri zvoupfumi pakati siyana nhengo kwemubatanidzwa kukura chete. Nyika simba kupfuura akatanga Prussia neAustria. Zviri pamusoro nharo pakati pavo - nezvake achabatanidzwa Germany. Vanhu German kuwedzera vaida kubatana kuva kusaroora, sezvo munyika dzose European.

chirwirangwe German chisingakwani kuzvipokanidza izvi, uye muna 1866 vakavhuna rweAustro-Prussian War. Vienna uye Berlin vakasarudza kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwavo nechisimba. Mukuwedzera, kurutivi Prussia akaita se Italy, izvo vaida kusvika Venice, ndekwaMwari kuAustria, uye nokupedza kushamwaridzana yavo. Small inoti German vakapesana, akamira pakatarisana kumativi kwezvinovharidzira.

Prussia akahwina kuvonga hondo kusvikira upfumi ukuru pamusoro wake aikwikwidza. Kudeuka mupiro ibudirire akaita kunozivikanwa chanzera Otto von Bismarck, kwemakore akawanda, kutsvaka mutemo achisimbisa nyika. Prussian kukunda kwakaita kuti chokwadi chokuti German Union yakaguma kuva akakodzera. Iye emauto akadzingwa mabasa August 23, 1866, mwedzi hondo yapera.

Asi izvozvo Prussia akasika North German Confederation, uye yokuGermany Empire chakatangwa muna 1871. Raisanganisira dzose German, kusanganisira adzikinura pashure pehondo pamwe France. Austria vakasiya kubva zviitiko izvi uye kuva hunyambiri umambo - Austria-Hungary. umambo Vose vakaparadzwa pashure peHondo Yenyika II.