Templars - vari iwe? The nhoroondo Knights Templar

Munhoroondo yevanhu, pane zvakavanzika zvizhinji fadza mwoyo vanoda kare uye adventurers. Pakati zvakavanzika izvi, inotaurwa guruva emakore, pane chimwe chiratidzo kuti zvichida havangaruwani mumwe. Hapana anonyatsoziva kuti Templars, photo, kana kuti, apo unogona kuwana mufananidzo iri nyaya yedu. Pamutemo, nyaya yavo ajaira pabepa yechikoro. Asi vazhinji mapofu makwapa kuti ape chinoshamisira chikafu.

The pokutangira

Tisati kubata mubvunzo: "The Templars - ndiani uyu", unofanira vanoshamba akapfuura uye kuongorora nyika ezvinhu makore iwayo. Chete yakapera kushingirira wokutanga, yakarongwa nenyika dzokuMadokero. youth Religious vakateerera yokudanwa Pope Urban II, anosarudza kusika hurongwa hwake. Yokutanga Vatori vechikamu vaiva vapfumbamwe ake anokudzwa Knights, akanga akaisa chinangwa chinokudzwa, kudzivirira Mapilgrim kuenda Holy Land. Iye akasarudzwa musoro Gugo De Payne.

Saka, Templars - ndivo nhengo munharaunda, ivo Knights ane kwaakarerekera yechitendero. Musi hwaro racho kuonekwa 1119, uye gwaro ravo rokutanga chete akazviratidza makore mapfumbamwe Papera, muna 1128-m. Asi kunenge kuti risingazivikanwi Order of yakabuda ipapa, muna 1099. Ipapo Godefroy Bois of Jerusalem akatumira akapfuma vakasanangurwa vanhu mapfumbamwe akapiwa mirayiridzo inokosha. Ivo makazviteya nzanga tinoziva sezvo Order kwetemberi. Zvino wakatanga hombe muchiuto wose, asi vakadzikama vanhu.

chokutanga chakavanzika

Uye pano ndipo dambanemazwi rokutanga akasiya Templars. Ava ndivanaani Knights voumhare? Vanonyanyisa, varwi kana hoaxer? Inogona angapokana kuti kwaiva ravo kuitira raiva 1099, kubva musi rinobatana pamwe kushingirira. Asi sei vanhu mapfumbamwe kupa yakavimbika kuchengetedzwa kuti vafambi? Chokwadika kwete, kunyanya sezvo vari muJerusarema, uko kuita zvimwe zviitiko. Asi chii akaita Templars izvi makore makumi maviri pamberi pamutemo chidzoke reMitemo - hapana anoziva. Uye nei ivo vakanyarara pamusoro ivepo?

The scion of merovingian hwedzinza

Munhu ane murongi Order, ainzi Godefroy Bois of muBoulogne. Ndezvenguva merovingian hwedzinza, mhuri yeumambo yekare. Zvingava zvimwe zvakavanzika akarasika munhau, uyewo ake kufarira muJerusarema, paiuya madzibaba ake. Kunenge kuti akanga rake vanoti chigaro, somumiririri mhuri yaDhavhidhi. Saka Templars - ndivo vanhu avo Godefroy kuvimbana, uye uyo akabatsira vawane chinangwa chake chakavanzika. Akafa gore mushure kubatwa huru guta Holy Land. Sezvineiwo, iye akasarudzwa Mambo weJerusarema, asi haana korona, hungu, pfungwa, kwete kuita izvi. mutongi The rokutanga guta riri kuonekwa mukoma wake. Vakaviga Godefroy, Airwira Mutsvene weguva, sezvo aizviti mutemberi, apo nhengo munharaunda aifarira kugara.

vamwe havaoni

Kunze Godefroy pamusoro muBoulogne, kuti asimbise nzanga aigona Gugo De Payne uye Saint-Omer. On the zvachose wechipiri anozivikanwa, asi nokuda kwezita. Chikamu chokutanga muna kushingirira uye pachedu vaiziva Godefroy. Uye vari pedyo pedyo achikurukurirana panguva, vaiva mamwe masoja-mu-maoko. Tsvene Nyika Hugo akasvika remadunhu- marara (Marudzi). Asi mhuri Godefroy vaimuda, uye inotevera mambo weJerusarema (Baldwin Wokutanga Second) vaibatsira naye. The Order akapinda uye Count pamusoro Champagne, changamire Payne, zvichiratidza kuti Hugo aiva muenzaniso unhu. Zvikasadaro, yomuchinda jendurumani vaizoteerera muranda wake?

Name uye Emblem

Kunyanya kubva pakutanga ari Templars. Ndivanaani ava varombo Knights? Zvavaisiita kudzivirira Mutsvene weguva kana sangano nezvinangwa zvakavanzika vayo? Zvichida chokwadi imwe nzvimbo iri pakati. zita rayo vakagamuchira achitevera tsika misangano muna Al-Aqsa Mosque. Saka pavaiwana Order kwetemberi. A Logo akaonekwa zvikuru gare gare, pashure kuitwa mubumbiro racho, kumwe mumakore 1147-1148. muchinjikwa Red vasonanidza pamusoro siginicha nguo chena kuti akasiyanisa hama nevamwe Knights.

Nakisisa upfumi Order

Saka, zviri pachena kuti Templars - ndiro Dzorudzidziso vakanga vasara muJerusarema nechinangwa chake. The Order, izvo pakutanga raiva vanhu mapfumbamwe chete vakava chaizvo airemekedzwa kuMadokero. Mumwe nguva youmambo yaiva mumiririri hama, vakanga nyika, nematende, uye vakanga akabudirira kwema zvemari. Kunyange madzimambo wamakapa kuti mari zvavanoda! Upfumi Templars yakawedzera kusvetuka uye miganhu, izvo anokwezvwa vanhu vazhinji. Uye hama akati akaonekana navo vose kudarika kwavo uye zvivi navo adarika. Simba Knights yakura pamwe yacho. Ivo kutenga chitsuwa cheKupro, uko ivo kusika kwavo pachako. Saka, zvine musoro kubvunza kuti: Templars - vari varombo Knights kana Rothschild chaiye?

Hazvaikwanisa kubatsira asi kufanana European madzimambo, uyo kazhinji vakanga poluporozhnyuyu papfuma. French Korol Kuvshinov Fair pamwe Pope vakapomera Order zvose vanofa zvivi, akarayira kuti vasunge hama uye akasarudza pfuma dzavo nyasha. tenzi Last Zhak De nhuta akatuka uye namambo, uye akaramba kutenda Pope, uyo akakomborera mhirizhonga, kusvikira nematatu rudzi. vechikamu All pakuparadzwa CheTembere yakanyura kupinda yokukanganwa, kufa rufu runonyadzisa mukati gore rimwe pashure chiitiko. Kutukwa Knights Templar - nderimwe chakavanzika Order. Nepo kutsiva yokupisirapo Tenzi uye nedzimwe hama vakanga vasara Knights.

Zvikonzero pokuparadzwa Order

Nei Templars zvakaparadzwa? Ndavapiko - isu kare zvishoma kunzwisiswa, asi ipai pazasi nei Order vakauya kuna kururamisira. First - ichi kusingatauriki upfumi kuti vazhinji havagoni hope - kana madzimambo kana vafundisi. Chokwadi, vakawanda vanoda kugoverana pfuma izvi navo. Zvisinei, sezvo nguva akaratidza, nenguva liquidation pakati Knights munharaunda vakatoratidza vakarasikirwa zvose zvavo: pfuma yavo yakanga isina. Zvichida vose vaifanira kuvanza? Uye ichi ndicho chikuru chakavanzika Knights, izvo haunted ne vanoda mari nyore kuti.

Chikonzero chechipiri - zvinoitwa uye simba hama, vakanga nengozi kuti chiremera munyika chero muKristu. Third - zvanzi Templars vaiva asingachaiti chegumi, kuti haisi kubhadhara mutero kuna Pope. Izviwo, asingagoni kuva mweya papa.

Masonic Kamuri

Tinogona kutaura takasununguka kuti Templars - nayo navavaki. Asati afa, Master Grand akanga achiri nguva kugadza mutsivi, uyo akaramba kuitisa mabasa avo, kunyange nedzidziso chivimbo. Akakwanisa kuronga zvina Masonic vadzimu - muParis, Edinburgh, Stockholm uye Naples, iri kumabvazuva, kumusoro, kumavirira nokumaodzanyemba. Uyewo angangodaro kuti Knights asara akawana pokurara navavaki uyo vakavhura zvakanaka mujinga Order Templars. Masangano aya up zvichiripo.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mushure mokuparara Acre muna 1291 ari Knights yakatamira kuKupro ndokuzoenda kuna Paris, guta guru French nokuda kwayo kumuzinda. Pano vakavaka dzokugara dzavo uye temberi, iyo akayeuchidza Jerusalem yokunamatira, hombe masvingo. Asi zvivako vasina vakapona: vakanga kana kuparadzwa kana kuva chikamu dzimwe kereke. Asi kusikwa Order sechinhu Masonic vadzimu uye anoshanda nhasi. In Paris, hama vakagara mumugwagwa kadheti yakanyarara, 16. inoshandisa kudzimbahwe, miziyamu uye nemamwe masangano akawanda. Decorated runoenzanirana zviratidzo uye insignia. Kunyange pauriri makamuri ayo mudungwe ne tsvuku-uye-chena dzinoungana. Ndivanaani Knights Templar uye navavaki chaizvoizvo - vachiri kunzwisisa.

Vavaurayi uye Templars

Kutaura pamusoro kubatana pakati izvi kunozivikanwa maviri vemunzvimbo vanofanira kuziva zvakanaka vari vavaurayi uye Templars. Templars - a knightly kuti, iyo vakatora vaKristu chete vanoda kuzvipira chikonzero chakanaka - kudzivirira vafambi uye Mutsvene muhwiro muJerusarema. Vavaurayi - ndiye brainchild kuti "Mukuru Mountain" Hassan al-Sabah, kudzidzira Islam. Vemunharaunda vakanga vakagadzirira kufa nokuti muchimirira mubayiro - mubindu reEdheni pamwe mhandara. Uye paiva nokutaura kuti musoro akashandisa nedoro miriwo, kunyanya mbanje yakawanda, uye hypnosis.

Masangano maviri vane zvakafanana zvinhu: simbi kurangwa, kutenda kwakasimba muna Mwari, kusvikira musoro, hwusina kuurayiwa kuda mumwe raTenzi, simba uye kuchinja nyika upfumi. Kunyange mufananidzo nhengo dzavo akafanana chaizvo. Zvisinei, vaibvuma zvitendero zvakasiyana, uyo akarwa utongi panyika. Naizvozvo, achipindura mubvunzo "vari vavaurayi uye Templars", zvinganzi nharo kuti vavengi pane vatsigiri.

Other Dzorudzidziso Order

Muverengi anotoziva kuti Templars. The Hospitallers, ivo Teutons - ndiyo nemamwe masangano kuti unosimbiswa munguva nevaIslam. Makanga zvakafanana, asi paivawo kusawirirana. Kazhinji hama enzvimbo akasiyana mirairo, vakarwa pamwe nomumwe. Mushure Knights vaKristu vaibvumirwa kupinda muhondo kuzorwa infidels uye rakadeurwa muzita raKristu ropa. Kupomera mumwe dzinotsaudza, vakanga vachirwira simba. Asi kana Templars kubviswa uye wairambidza, asi Teutons uye Hospitallers mukana huvepo uye mberi nebasa ravo. Zvisinei, kubudirira dzakadai Templars, havana kunyange ndafungira.

Hospitaller Order

Kwakatangira mashoko Order riri kutora muna 1070 apo mutengesi - Mauro pakati Amalfi - akavamba imba vaeni nevapfuuri, vanonzi chipatara. Paiva nevanhu akatarisira vakakuvadzwa uye vanorwara, kuchengetedza hurongwa wemamongi. By 1113 Sosaiti yakura uye kusimbiswa kuti Papa akamupa musoro pakunamata uye Knights.

Hospitallers vakatora mhiko hwokuteerera, netsika dzakachena uye urombo. Vakava chiratidzo muchinjikwa chena ine mativi sere, iro rinoshandiswa imwe hembe dema kurutivi rworuboshwe. Nejasi aiva yakamanikana dzisimbe, uyo akataura pamusoro kushaya rusununguko hama. Gare gare Knights wakapfeka nguvo tsvuku uye vakasonanidza muchinjikwa ari pachipfuva chake. Nhengo vakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu - vafundisi, chaizvoizvo Knights navaranda. zvisarudzo zvinokosha zvakaitwa Grand naTenzi uye General Chapter.

Hospitaller Order kubvira pakutanga akaratidza chinangwa - kubatsira vanorwara uye akuvadzwa, varombo vafambi uye akasiyiwa nevana. Asi zvino, kuti Knights vakatanga vachishingaira kubatanidzwa muhondo uye makrusedhi. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana, vakagara pachitsuwa kuRodzi uye vakagarako kusvikira pakati navatanhatu remakore. Ipapo vakagara cheMarita, apo vakaramba kundorwa infidels. Ipapo Napoleon yakakunda Marita uye akadzinga nehama. Saka Hospitallers vaiva Russia.

Hurongwa aigona kupinda vanokudzwa uye vakasununguka, madzimambo uye kunyange vakadzi (Templars akatora chete varume). Asi Tenzi Grand akava chete machinda. hama chizenga ikorona, munondo uye rokudhinda. Kubvira makore namapfumbamwe remakore, sezvakarayirwa Hospitallers (Ioanity, Knights cheMarita) anonzi kuva pakunamata uye okuyamura dzesangano kudzimbahwe Rome.

Teutonic Order

MuJerusarema wegumi remakore, vafambi chiGerman rakarongeka aidzidzisa yavo. Izvi zvinogona kunzi pakutanga Teutonic Order, yaiva chakarongwa chikamu Hospital pakutanga. Muna 1199 zvakanzi anotenderwa mugwaro racho uye akasarudzwa Grand Master. Asi chete muna 1221-M Teutons vakapiwa ropafadzo, ichivimba knightly hurongwa. Hama vakatora mhiko matatu - kuteerera, netsika dzakachena uye urombo. Uye kupinda Order takapinda chete vamiririri chiGerman vemo. kazhinji Community zviratidzo chinhu muchinjikwa dema akadhindwa ari chena nejasi.

Nokukurumidza Knights vakarega kuita mabasa Hospital, zvachose nokuenda kundorwa infidels. Asi havana ane simba zvakadaro yekwake, raiva Templars muEngland kana muFrance. Germany akanga asiri akanakisisa nguva, rave ichiparara uye murombo. Teutons akasiya neguva dzimwe Knights, pfungwa nesimba pamusoro kubatwa enyika okumabvazuva, rwakazokura pfuma yavo. Vakabva vatendeuka meso avo kuchamhembe kundima (kuBaltic nyika), apo yaakasimbisa pashure pokukundwa Riga, uye ive Prussia. Muna 1237 Teutons akabatanidza nomumwe Order German - the wokuLivonia, uyo akaenda Russia, asi akarasikirwa.

Order achishingaira akarwa-Lithuanian Polish mamiriro. Muna 1511, Master Albert Hohenzollern akazviti mubati Prussia uye Brandenburg, uye kunyimwa sangano ropafadzo zvose. Teutons havana kukwanisa wokugadzirisa wokupedzisira amurove, akazvuzvurudza wenhamo kuvapo. Yakanga chete muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, vaNazi akarumbidza zvemashoko tsaru Knights uye vaishandisa muchinjikwa mukuru mubayiro. Order chiripo kusvikira nhasi.

panzvimbo imwe epilogue

Saka ndivanaani Knights Templar? History haagoni asi kupa mhinduro chaiyo kune mubvunzo uyu, vakawanda kukanganikwa kana pamambakwedza. Naizvozvo nzvimbo chena dzinozadzwa zvemarudzi ose wokufungidzira uye dudziro yepakutanga, akadai dzidziso DENA Brauna nevamwe vake. Asi kuti Order kwetemberi chete hunowedzera kukwezva vanoda kare.