Chokwadi chinofadza pamusoro pehupenyu hwaAna Andreevna Akhmatova. Brief biography

Yese biography yeAkhmatova - inofadza chokwadi kubva muupenyu hwemunyori wenhetembo. Nguva iyoyo yakanga yakaita saizvozvo. Aive musikana asina kujairika kubvira achiri mwana.

Anna Andreevna Gorenko akaberekwa musi waJune 11, 1889 mudunhu reOdessa. Aiva mwana akasindimara, akanga achidzidza zvakaipa. Asi kubva pazera remakore gumi akanyora zvachose nhetembo dzevana. Vabereki vakatya. Baba vacho vakati: "Musanyadzisa zita rangu!". Pa16, Anna akadanidzira achiti: "Uye ini handidi zita rako!". Uye nyaya yacho yakatanga nechseudonym.

Two versions

Nzira dzinofadza pamusoro pehupenyu hwaAkhmatova, chokwadi, dzinosanganisira rondedzero nemusana wake. Maererano neimwe shanduro, mumhuri yababa vake aiva tateguru-mutungamiri weTatar Khan Ahmat, panzvimbo yake musikana ndokutora pseudonym. Kune rimwe, Akhmatova aiva mbuya amai vake, vane zita raakatora, kuti varege kunyadzisa zita rababa vake, kana kuti, kuti vasapfeka zita rake zvakare.

Chokwadi chinofadza pamusoro pehupenyu hwaAna Akhmatova semunyori wechirevo

Muna 1912, boka rokutanga remitembo yeAkhmatova "Evening". Mutsara wacho wakanyorwa naMikhail Kuzmin. Mumazuva iwayo zvaive zvakasikisa kuti mabhuku ekutanga emunyori wenhevedzi aifanira kunyorwa nechirevo chevanyori vezvinyorwa vakanga vatobata. Kuzmin akabva anzwisisa mararamiro ayo. Iko ikozvino mumusangano uyu unogona kuona runyararo runyararo uye tarenda kwemashoko. "Rwiyo rwemusangano wekupedzisira," paanoisa magirafu asina kukodzera, uye "achinyima maoko ake pasi pevheiri rakasviba" nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Kutsoropodza kwakatanga kudana nhetembo Akhmatova rwiyo rukuru. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kune nhoroondo, munhetembo imwe neimwe iri iyi kana iyo nyaya. Izvo zvine simba, izere nezvinyorwa zvisiri zvechipiri.

Saka hakuna munhu akanyora, kunyange mberi kana shure, saAna Akhmatova. Biography, zvinonakidza kubva kuhupenyu, zvisinei, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero vanhu vari kufarira vanhu kudarika zvisikwa zvake. Kunyange zvazvo, chokwadi, kunze kwezvinhu zvose izvi hazvizivikanise hurefu hwemashoko ake, iyo yose yaireva iyo yakagadzirisa mumabasa ake. Saka zvinobatsira kuziva zvese zvisingabatsiri uye zvinonakidza kubva muupenyu hwaAkhmatova, kuti vadzidze muchidimbu zvinyorwa zvake.

Anna naNikolay

Mumufananidzo wevechidiki Akhmatova, pane zvakawanda zvakakonzerwa nemufananidzo weNikolai Gumilev. Vose vakadzidza paTsarskoye Selo Lyceum, vose vakafuridzirwa nemunyori wenhau Innokenty Annensky, uyo aiva mutungamiriri weRyceum. Vose mapamberi vakatanga kunyora nhetembo. Hazvibatsiri kuti vakadanana mumwe nomumwe. Uye mugore rimwe chete, umo maunganidzi e "Evening" akabuda, vakaroorana.

Vakasangana muna 1903, uye, zvechokwadi, Nicholas akabva atanga murudo nemusikana ane mutsvuku uyo akagara ari museki wake.

Chokwadi chinofadza pamusoro pehupenyu hwaAna Akhmatova naGumilev

Kuroorana navo hakugone kubudirira. Gumilev akafunga kuti mukadzi wake waanoda, musemu wakewowo makwikwi uye, zvinoratidzika, anomubata. Ana atozivikanwa sechinyorwa, uye anonyora nhetembo zvakare. Muna 1914 Gumilev akazvipira kuhondo. Anna akazvitsaurira nhetembo kwaari, kunyange zvazvo panguva iyo vakanga vasisararama pamwechete. Vose vavo vaitenda hondo. Yaiva panguva ino iyo "vagari" vevhesi yaAkhmatov yakagadzirisa. Iye akazvipira zvikuru kunyika yekwake, anoda nyika yake, anonzwira tsitsi zviitiko zvose zviri kuitika nenyika yake.

Muna 1918, vakaroorana vakarambana, Akhmatova zvakare akaroora. Murume wake aiva musayendisiti uye mudetembi Vladimir Shileiko. Haana kumbofarira vanhuwo zvavo.

Mazita aAkhmatova

Izvo zvakaitika kuti Anna Andreevna akapiwa mazita ekuderera, mumutsara, pakati pevanhu, zvakare anoratidza maitiro anofadza kubva muupenyu hwaAkhmatova. Akatova nemakore makumi mana nemana makumi mana nemana makumi mana nemana makumi mana nemana makumi mana nemashanu (24) akatumidzwa hafu-mwedzi-hafu-wretch nekuda kwekuchinja kwake kwevarume. Kwebasa rake akazotumidzwa zita rokuti Russian Sappho naAna weRussia yose. Ikupedzisira yakanaka, yekutanga, hongu, kwete. Zvisinei, iye pachake akafanirwa mukurumbira wakadaro. Ikoko kwakanga kusina shoko rimwe chete rakaipa iro raisakwanisa kudana naro mundima. Akatozviti amai vakaipa.

Zvisinei, pasinei nezvose izvi, vakadzi vazhinji, kusvika kuHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, vakapfeka uye vakashongedzwa pasi peAkhmatova, saka vakada mufananidzo wake, waakanyora kubva kwaari: "Pamutsipa wema rozari."

Chokwadi chinofadza kubva paupenyu hwaAkhmatova chinogona kupfupikiswa muchidimbu chekudzidzira kwevanoda uye varume. Asi zvakaonekwa mumazuva iwayo chokwadi chinotyisa-kubva kune imwe kuenda kune imwe, kusvika kune chechitatu nezvimwe zvakadaro. Ichokwadi, chokwadi chinonakidza pamusoro pehupenyu hwaAna Akhmatova vari mune imwe. Mumatambudziko ake, muhukama hwake nemabhuku uye nenyika.

Nguva yezvipingamupinyi zvikuru

1921 yaiva yaAna Andreevna gore rezvakaoma zvikuru. Gore rino, vakapfura Nikolai Gumilev, avo ivo uye mushure mekurambana havana kurega kutaura. Anenge panguva imwecheteyo, Alexander Blok anofa, uyo akanga ari mutevedzeri mukuru, muenzaniso wekurasikirwa kwake akanzwa shungu kwazvo. Zvinoshamisa kuti panguva iyoyo tarenda yake inowedzera, chipo chinosimba uye chinowedzera simba. Uye iye haasi kubhabhatidzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaora mwoyo.

August 10 ndiro zuva reguva raBlok uye zuva reSmolensk dzvene. Uye Akhmatova anopa mudetembi kundima iyi: "Uye Smolenskaya ikozvino musikana wekuzvarwa." Ichi chiyeuchidzo chiyeuchidzo, munguva yemberi pachava nezvimwe zvizhinji. Akhmatova akaviga shamwari dzakawanda uye vanhu vashoma muupenyu hwake.

Mugore rimwe chete, murume wekudetemba wehuroyi akasiya Russia nokusingaperi. Ichokwadi, ari kumudana naye. Asi haasi kusiya nyika yekwavo, anofarira kutakura matambudziko ose naye.

Zvinhu zvinoshamisa uye zvinonakidza kubva muupenyu hwaAkhmatova zvicharamba zvisingazivikanwi kwatiri - izvi ndizvo uye kuti zvakabatsira sei kukunda matambudziko ose emagumo. Akanga ari munhu ane tsika dzakanaka uye njere. Dante naShakespeare vaiverenga mumutauro wepakutanga, vaiva guru-munyori, nyanzvi munhau yekusika mabasa avo. Uye izvi zviri munguva idzodzo apo pakanga pasina chinhu chokupfeka uye aive nesimba rakakwana resainzi nekusika.

Akhmatova akadzidza hupenyu hwake hwose kubva mumabhuku uye magwaro aakashanda nawo. Akatove akatopiwa chikafu cheDhigiri weLinyora muEngland. Anna Andreevna akafa muna 1866, asi akagara nekusingaperi munhoroondo yeRussia uye nyika yose.