Zoshchenko "History of the disease." Chidimbu che "History of the disease" Zoshchenko

Kunaka Zoshchenko - chiitiko chinonyanya kushandiswa mumabhuku echiRussia munguva yeSoviet. Munyori wacho aive nemafungiro ake emitambo inoenderana nenguva yaaigara. Munyori wacho akawana yose mavara evanhu mumutsanangudzo satirical, iyo yakazotevera yakasimudza kududzirwa kwezita rokuti "hero yeZoshchenko."

Nhengo dze munyori

Vanhu varo Zoshchenko anogara achifananidzirwa nemaseko. Mabasa omunyori anonzwisisika uye anowanikwa kune vaverengi vanoverengeka, uye pamusoro pezvose nokuti vanhu vavo vane vanhu venguva iyoyo, vanhuwo zvavo. Saka, somuenzaniso, munyaya "Bhati" chimiro chacho chinopararira, chakaipa, pachena hachisi mupfumi. Nyaya yacho inoratidzira mamiriro ezvinhu apo munhu mukuru akaregererwa nhamba uye akazvipira kumutsvaga "nezviratidzo", achipa tambo kubva pachiverengo, ndokurondedzera chipfeko chakare, chekare nehomwe yakabvamburwa uye bhomwe imwe. Munyori munyaya ino anoratidza maitiro emufananidzo wemamiriro acho kuburikidza nemufananidzo wakafananidzirwa. Hongu, uye mabasa ose emunyori akazvipira kune zviitiko zvakadaro.

Comic prose sechinhu chitsva chishandiso

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti Zoshchenko akamira pamhedzisiro chaiye yezvinyorwa zvechiRussia zvinonakidza. Akanga ari iye akasika rwiyo rwekutanga rwemhanzi, iro rakava kupfuurira kwetsika dzeKekhov yekutanga, Leskov naGogol mumamiriro matsva emumamiriro ezvinhu. Somugumisiro, akakwanisa kuumba yake, yakasiyana zvachose yemaitiro. Anenge makore makumi mana, akazvipira kuRussian prose, Mikhail Zoshchenko. "Nhoroondo yechirwere," "Bhati," dzimwe nhau uye zvipfeko zvakava zvikamu zvechimiro chechimiro chenguva. Ari munzira yekusika kwake, munyori pachake anoona kuti zvishoma nezvishoma ari kudzivisa nyaya dzake dzokunyengera, achisimbisa kuti kana vari munharaunda ivo vachataura zvakakwana, haazoperi shure kwezana remakore.

Kurongeka kwemasangano emabasa emunyori

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kurasikirwa kwekanoti kwakanga kusingori chiito chechimiro. Ichi chiitiko chakakonzera kurongeka kwezvematongerwo emashoko mashomanana aZoshchenko. Stylistics, hurongwa hwekugadzirisa mitemo yakashandurwa. Psychological analysis inowanikwawo zvikuru. "Zvakaitika zvechirwere" Zoshchenko - chimwe chezvi "zvinoshandiswa patsva." Pamuenzaniso weizvi nezvimwewo zvakawanda "zvitsva" nhoroondo, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kunyange kunze kwemabasa acho akasiyana - vhudzi ravo rakawedzera kudarika maviri kana katatu. Kakawanda munyori, sezvazvakadaro, anodzokera pane zvakaitika kwaari. Asi ikozvino iyi nzira inokura zvakanyanya, unhu hwakanaka hutsva hwemaitiro emashizha. Kutakura kuongorora nyaya yaZoshchenko "The History History", zvinova pachena kuti munyori anoshandisa zvakare tsika dzebhuku rakasimbiswa satirical-humorous.

Mhemberero dzezvidzidzo

Izwi rokuti "filiilleton" rinotarisana ne "maitiro mashoma anonzwira tsitsi" (sezvakanyorwa nemunyori anonyatsoratidza) basa remasangano, maererano neyo nzira yekunze isinganzwisisi asi inobudirira yekuparadzanisa vanhu muzvikamu zviviri yakasimbiswa, kusaenzana pakati pezvakaratidzwa zvakajeka: kune rumwe rutivi "isu ", Uye pane imwe -" iwe ". Muzvinyorwa, semunyori pachake paanoti, "iwe" - uyu "isu", uye "isu" pane chikamu "iwe". Mukupera kunonzwika nyevero inosuruvarisa pamusoro pekumwe kusingaiti. Icho chinhu chisingadikanwi, icho chakasvika kune imwe chidimbu chinotyisa, uye chinoratidzwa mubasa raM M. M. Zoshchenko "History of the disease." Nhoroondo ndeyei? Nezve izvi gare gare munyaya yacho.

Summary

"Nhoroondo yechirwere" Zoshchenko inoratidza tsika uye hupenyu hweimwe chipatara chakakosha, apo vashanyi vanokukwaziswa ne "kufara" pamadziro pamusoro pemararamiro ekubudisa zvitunha. Panguva imwecheteyo, murwere achangobvumirwa anoratidza kusagutsikana kwake nemashoko akadaro. Kune iyo inobatsira varapi vezvematongerwo enyika inopindura kuti uyu muposesi anogona kutsoropodzwa chete nevanhu vakadzoka, uye kudzoka muchipatara hazvibviri. Zvichipfuurira munyaya yemurondedzero, protagonist inofanirwa kupfuurira kuburikidza nemamwe matambudziko akawanda. Chokutanga, mukoti anomutungamirira kuimba yekugezera, uko kune bhati umo mukadzi akwegura atogara. Iyo hero inokumbirwa kukwira kumukadzi wekare uye kushamba iye pachake. Zvakajeka, pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadai, mukoti anofanira kukumbira ruregerero uye kudzosera nzira yekugezera kweimwe nguva. Asi mushandi wechipatara aiwanzoona varwere, kwete vanhu. Uye haafungi kuti zvakakosha kumira pamutambo pamwe nevarwere. Uye pakuona kwekuvhiringidzika kwomurwere anenge achangobvumirwa, anongotaura kuti mukadzi akare, chaizvoizvo, haana hanya kuti ndiani achava naye muimba yekugeza, nokuti haaiti chero chinhu chipi zvacho, nekuda kwefivha. Pamuedzo uyu hero haigumi. Anowana nguo yekupfeka kwete muhukuru, saka, mushure memazuva mashomanana, kuswedera pedyo nekudzoka, anotapukirwa nekukanganiswa kunopera. Uye zvose zvakafanana nekutangira kwenyaya yacho, mukoti anomuudza kuti, sezviri pachena, akatora chirwere ichi kubva kumapapiro akavakidzana. Munharaunda maiva nedhipatimendi revana. Mukoti akataura kuti gamba racho raive nekodzero yekudya kubva padare iro munhu ane pertussis akashandisa kare. Panguva imwecheteyo, Zoshchenko anosimbisa kuti havasi vashandi vezvipatara vane basa rekushaya simba, asi murwere pachake, uyo anozvibata saizvozvo asingazviiti. Apo hutano hukuru hunodzorera, haagoni kubuda nenzira ipi zvayo. Zvadaro vanokanganwa pamusoro pake, zvino mumwe munhu haasipo, saka vashandi vekambani vakabatikana. Hatina kuunza zviitiko zvose zvakaitika munhoroondo, asi zvinyorwa zvishoma chete. Zoshchenko's "nhoroondo yezvokurapa" inoguma kune murwere ari kumba.

"Muedzo wokupedzisira" wegamba

Hungu, murwere aifanira kupona zvizhinji ... Unogona kufungidzira pamusoro peizvi usingatambudziki kuverenga nyaya yakazara, tangotarisa shanho iri pamusoro apa. Zoshchenko's "rekodi yenyaya", zvisinei, haigumi ipapo. Chii chakazoitika? Mushure mokunge murwere achibva muchipatara shure kwezvose ndokudzokera kumba, mudzimai wake anotaura kuti vhiki imwe asati adzoka, akagamuchira chiziviso chokuti akatora mutumbi wemurume wake. Sezvakazoitika, yakatumirwa nekukanganisa. "Waimbova murwere" akave asina kufadza zvokuti aida kuenda kuchipatara. Asi tichiyeuka kuti zvinhu zviripo, akachinja pfungwa dzake. Uye ndakasarudza mushure mekunge "muedzo wokupedzisira" wekurapwa kumba, ini.

Mufananidzo wegamba guru

Kuti kunyatsofungidzira humiro hwebasa Zoshchenko "Nhoroondo Yenyaya", unofanira kufungisisa zvose zviduku zviduku zvakaparadzirwa munhoroondo dzakasiyana. Nyaya huru inoratidzira basa rose remunyori zvachose. Kuverenga basa raZoshchenko "History of the Disease", tinoona mufananidzo wepfungwa wemunhu akave akajairika pane chinzvimbo chisina kukodzera munzanga uye kuti chiitiko chake chose hachienzaniswi nemhando ipi zvayo yakagamuchirwa, ndima kana kurongeka. Munyori anoedza kuratidzira kuti vanhu vanorasikirwa nekuzviremekedza kwavo kana vachirega kuonekwa sekufunga, hupenyu hwepakutanga. Inobva pano kuti munhu anotanga kunamata vakuru vakuru, kusatenda mukusazvipira kweavo vari pedyo, uye kuratidza nyasha kune avo vaanofanira kuvimba nayo.

Mubvunzo usingaperi wevanhu vanofara

Basa raZoshchenko "The History of the Disease" iri mufananidzo wekusava nechinzvimbo chisina basa chemugari wevanhu, asiwo kuvimba kwechigaro ichi pane hukama hwevanhu, uye kusada kwevanhu kuti vachinje chero chinhu. Vazhinji vemazuva ano ve munyori pakutanga vakafunga kuti nefa nhaka yekare zvaizogona kugumisa nokukurumidza. Asi munyori iye pachake haasi kana kuti gare gare akashandisa mafungiro akanaka akadaro. Nyaya yaZoshchenko "Nhoroondo yechirwere" inoratidza, kutanga uye zvakanyanya, mhinduro yemunyori kuhupenyu hunotyisa hwemhando dzakasununguka dzevanhu dzinomushungurudza, pasina kubvisa kubva pamano epihilistine nemaphilistine kuti agone kuchinja uye kutevedzera. Nokudaro, kugadzirisa mubvunzo wekusingaperi wekufara kwevanhu, zvitsva zvinodiwa zvinomuka, nekuda kwekugadzirisa hutsika hwehutungamiri hwevanhu uye tsika yekuvandudza. Zvose izvi zvine simba guru pamusoro pekutungamirirwa uye unhu hwebasa raZoshchenko. Mune zvinyorwa zvemuunyori zvinoratidzira mamwe mazano anodzidzisa. Vakanga vasiri mumashoko ake kare. Munyori kwete-uye kunyange zvakadaro-anoedza kusekwa, zvakadini nekushivirira kutsanangura, kutsanangura, kutaridzirwa Hana uye pfungwa yevaverengi.

Mhedziso

Nyaya yaZoshchenko "Nyaya Yenyaya" ndiyo, yekutanga uye yepamusoro, kuratidzwa kwekusaremekedza zvakanyanya, kunyengera, kutendeseka kwechokwadi, kuratidzwa maererano nemunhu. Izvo zvose mafungiro aya akaipa anounzwa kusvika pamagumo. Kunyora kunze, somuenzaniso, kubva kuchipatara, munhu anofara kuti akabva ipapo uye achiri mupenyu. Uye, achiyeuka mumamiriro api aaiva nawo, anosarudza kuti acharwara pamusha. Uye zvino zvinoitika kwose kwose: kupi zvako pane munhu "muduku", kwose kwose achanzwa nenzira imwe neimwe akanyadziswa. Uye zvinoitika chete nokuti mairi vamwe vanoona munhu - mutengi, munhu anorwara, muenzi chete, asi kwete munhu, kwete munhu.