Nikolay Gumilyov: Biography. Okugadzira zvinhu, makore oupenyu, mapikicha

Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich akaberekwa muna 1886 muna Kronstadt. baba vake aiva chiremba wengarava. All pauduku hwangu Nikolai Gumilyov, pikicha iyo zvichakurukurwa pazasi, yakaitirwa Tsarskoye tiiviste. Akanga akadzidziswa voruzhinji zvikoro St. Petersburg uye Tiflis. nhetembo yake yokutanga nyanduri Gumilev Nikolay akanyora nemaviri. Kokutanga basa rake rave yakabudiswa pakadhindwa "Tiflis jira" paaiva nemakore 16 okuberekwa.

Nikolai Gumilyov. Biography

Nokuwa 1903, mhuri vakadzokera Tsarskoye tiiviste. Ikoko nyanduri ramangwana apedzerana kudzidziswa pachikoro, ane mutungamiriri aiva Ann. The kuchinja muupenyu Makwana zvakavharwa vakajairana mabasa Symbolists uye muuzivi Nietzsche. Uyewo muna 1903, mudetembi ramangwana asangana kuchikoro Gorenko (gare gare Akhmatova). Ndapedza chikoro chesekondari muna 1906, Nikolai Gumilyov, Biography riri chaizvo izere zviitiko mumakore anouya, akaenda Paris. In France, akapinda hurukuro uye akasangana vamiririri chaiko uye unyanzvi milieu.

Upenyu mushure pakuguma jimunasiyamu

MuThe "Nzira Vapambi vaibva" rava gungano rokutanga kudhinda, izvo akavasunungurira Gumilev Nikolay. A nyanduri pakutanga mumatanho vari, neimwe nzira, "dzakaunganidzwa mangwanani zvakaitika," izvo Zvisinei, kare awana yayo intonation, akatsvaka mufananidzo vakashinga, lyrical, oga dzechiGiriki. Kuva Papera muFrance, ari kuedza ape "Sirius" magazini. Makamuri (vatatu vokutanga), mudetembi inodhindwa pasi zita Anatoly Grant uye pasi zita rake - Nikolai Gumilyov. Biography Nyanduri mumakore anouya kufarira. Zvinofanira akati kuti, apo muParis, akatuma tsamba shanduro dzakasiyana: "Rus" pepanhau, "Early Morning", "Balance" magazini.

vakasimba nguva

Muna 1908 akasunungura muunganidzwa wake wechipiri, mabasa zvakanga vakazvipira Gorenko ( "Romantic nhetembo"). Sezvo vakatanga, uye vakura nguva iri nyanduri. Bruce, akarumbidza bhuku rokutanga nemunyori, akati, kwete pasina mafaro, handina kukanganisa ari Zvaifungidzirwa. "Romantic nhetembo" akava kufarira chimiro, akanaka uye kwezvokufuka. Patsime 1908, Gumilev kumusha kwake. MuRussia, iye chinozadzwa Aingoziva vamiririri mabhuku munyika St. Petersburg, kugara mutsoropodzi anotanga kuoneka mupepanhau reThe "Rwokutaura". Gare gare, naicho Gumilyov anotanga kudhinda mabasa avo.

Pashure rwendo kuna East

First rwendo kuIjipiti kwakaitika mumatsutso 1908. Pashure paizvozvo, Gumilev akanyoresa Mutemo mano University iri guru, uye gare gare hwakatamisirwa History uye Philology. Kubva 1909 iye anotanga kushingaira somumwe varongi ari "Apollo" magazini. In chinyorwa ichi kusvikira 1917. Zvingadai saka kudhindwa shanduro uye nhetembo, uyewo mumwe pembiru. Bright Gumilyov mu wongororo ake zvakakwana rinovheneka mabhuku muitiro pamusoro ezana remakore rechi20 rokutanga. Pakupera 1909 akabva kwemwedzi mishoma iri shona, uye pamusoro wake adzoka zvakabudisa bhuku, "Pearl."

Life kubva 1911

"Shop Poets" mumatsutso 1911 kwave akaumba, iyo akaratidza yayo kuzvionera kubva okufananidzira chokusika chirongwa chake aesthetic. "The Mwanakomana Akarasika" ENU vaiona yokutanga Acmeist nhetembo. Waibatanidzwa dzakaunganidzwa 1912 "Alien Sky". Pakazosvika nguva munyori ratova akasimbisa mukurumbira "Syndic", "Tenzi", mumwe kukosha panguva vadetembi. Muna 1913 Gumilev akaenda hafu gore Africa. Pakutanga First World Nyanduri zvakazvipira mberi. Muna 1915, "Notes akatasva bhiza" yakabudiswa, dzakaunganidzwa "goba". Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, rakabudiswa mabasa ake akadhindwa "Gondla", "Mwana waMwari". Zvisinei, nyika nomunhu ake kuchakurumidza kuitika, uye mune tsamba voga, akabvuma kuti kwaari, Uri kumusoro uye Africa, uye hondo. Muna 1918 Gumilev kunosvika vanotumira kwayo sorutivi Hussars ari expeditionary simba, asi anogara muLondon uye Paris pamberi chitubu. Back zvegore kuRussia, munyori anotanga kushanda se mushanduri, achigadzirira yakakura pakati rokuBhabhironi Gilgamesh, twunomirira ari nhetembo ari Chirungu uye chiFrench vadetembi kuti "World Literature". Bhuku "Shongwe yeMoto" ndiye wokupedzisira akasunungura Nikolai Gumilyov. Biography Nyanduri yakaguma asungwa nokuurayiwa muna 1921.

tsanangudzo pfupi mabasa

Gumilyov akabatana mabhuku Soviet raizondipa unyanzvi hunodiwa symbolist nyanduri Valery Bryusov. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chokwadi mudzidzisi wake akanga Innokentiy Annensky. nyanduri uyu aiva, Inter Alia, mutungamiriri mumwe mukuru zvikoro (mu Tsarskoye tiiviste), umo iye akadzidza Gumilyov. Musoro mabasa ake akanga pfungwa rume kukurirwa. Hero Gumilyov - simba kwake, akashinga. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva, nhetembo yake inova shoma zvekumwe. Panyaya iyi, yemunyori chido nokuda kujairika uye simba unhu anoramba. Gumilev aidavira kuti vanhu vakadaro havasi kwaireva kuti vanhuwo, muupenyu. Uye akariwana pachake chete. Zvikuru zvakawanda, uye kakawanda kufunga afa, munyori nguva dzose rinoratidza pawo denderedzwa rechiedza pamusoro heroism:

Uye handisi kuzofa pamubhedha
Kana gweta uye chiremba,
Uye mune mamwe gwanza yomusango,
Vangangonyudzwa gobvu Ivy.

Rudo uye uzivi ari akazotevera mundima

Zvikuru yakawanda mabasa ake Gumilev akaita chose manzwiro. maitiro ake murudo lyric anotora ane zvakasiyana zvachose kutarira. Iye anogona kuva riri vamoyo kubva rungano, asi kunozivikanwa anoda akakurumbira Dante tarenda mambokadzi muIjipiti. A yoga mutsetse vadarike ake uri detembo kuna Akhmatova. Naye vakabatana chaizvo gogonera, yakaoma ukama, akakodzera ravo zvarongwa yokufungidzira ( "Iye", "Kubva the Zmiyov", "Tamer Animals" uye zvichingodaro.). Late Gumilyov kuti nhetembo inoratidza yemunyori predilection kuti nyaya kwouzivi. Panguva iyoyo, kurarama inotyisa uye nzara Petrograd, mudetembi waishanda zvakasikwa Studios kuti vaduku vaimbi, sezvo kwavari rudzi chidhori uye mudzidzisi. Panguva iyoyo, kunyorwa Gumilyov zvimwe zvakanaka mabasa ake, vakazadzwa nharo pamusoro njodzi Russia, upenyu hwevanhu, chinangwa ( "Kurasika chitima", "The yeChitanhatu Sense", "Memory", "vaverengi wangu," etc.).