Nhoroondo yeLobert Tolstoy - munyori mukuru weRussia

Unoziva Leo Tolstoy here? Nyaya yemafupi yakazara uye yakazara nemunyori inoverengerwa zvakadzama mumazuva echikoro. Zvisinei, semabasa makuru. Sangano rekutanga revanhu vose vanonzwa zita romunyori akakurumbira ndeyano "War and Peace". Havasi vose vakatsunga kukunda usimbe uye kuiverenga. Uye zvisina maturo. Iri basa rakawana mukurumbira wenyika. Ichi chiitiko chekuti munhu wose akadzidziswa anofanira kuverenga. Asi pamusoro pezvose zvakarongeka.

Nhoroondo yeLobert Tolstoy inotaura kuti akaberekwa muzana remakore rechi19, iro-muna 1828. Zita remunyori weramangwana ndiro rekare kudarika muRussia. Leo Nikolayevich akawana dzidzo yake kumba. Apo vabereki vake vakafa, akafamba nehanzvadzi yake nehanzvadzi nhatu kuguta reKazan. P. Yushkova akava mutariri weTolstoy. Pazera remakore gumi nemasere akapinda mune imwe yunivhesiti. Akadzidza pakutanga pafilosofi, uye ipapo pachechi yepamutemo. Asi yunivhesiti haina kupedzisa Tolstoy. Akagara munzvimbo yeJasnaya Polyana - kwaakaberekerwa.

Nhoroondo yeLobert Tolstoy inotaura kuti makore mana anotevera ave iye makore ekutsvaga. Chokutanga, akagadzirisa hupenyu hweimba yacho, ndokuenda kuMoscow, kwaakamirira hupenyu hwenyika. Akagamuchira dhigirii yemutemo paYunivhesiti yeSt. Petersburg, ndokubva awana basa - akava munyori muchengeti mukuru wekereke yeTula.

Nhoroondo yeLobert Tolstoy inotsanangura rwendo rwake kuenda kuCaucasus muna 1851. Ikoko akatozorwa nemaChechens. Zvikamu zvehondo iyi yakazotevera zvakatsanangurwa munyaya dzakasiyana siyana uye nhoroondo dzeCossacks. Zvadaro, Leo akapfuura muedzo wekodet, kuitira kuti ave mukuru mukuru munguva yemberi. Uye kare mune iyi nhamba muna 1854 Tolstoy akashumira muuto reDanube, iro rakashanda mumazuva iwayo kurwisana neTurks.

Bhuku rekugadzira Lev Nikolaevich akatanga kutora zvakasimba pairi parwendo rwake kuenda kuCaucasus. Nyaya yake "Ubwana" yakanyorwa ipapo, uye yakabudiswa mumagazini "Contemporary". Muchikamu chimwe chete gare gare yakaonekwa nyaya "Adolescence."

Shumba yakarwa muSevastopol panguva yeCrimean War. Ikoko akaratidza kusava nechokwadi kwechokwadi, kupindira mukudzivirira kweguta rakakombwa. Nokuda kweizvi akapiwa Mutemo we "For Bravery". Munyori akanyora mufananidzo wemvura wehondo mu "Sevastopol nyaya" dzake. Iri basa rakagadzira chinyararire kune vose veRussia.

Kubva muna 1855 Tolstoy aigara muSt. Petersburg. Ikoko aigara achitaura naChersheshevsky, Turgenev, Ostrovsky uye dzimwe hupenyu hunoshamisa. Gore rakatevera akazoenda kumusha. Uyezve, munyori akafamba, akazarura chikoro chevana vevagari vemunyika yavo uye akatoita zvidzidzo ikoko. Nekubatsirwa kwake, dzimwe dzidzo mbiri dzakashamiswa pedyo. Zvadaro zvakatevera rwendo rwechipiri kune dzimwe nyika. Mabasa akasaisa zita romunyori pasi pose akaumbwa naye mumakore makumi manomwe. Izvi, zvechokwadi, "Anna Karenina" uye inoverengeka "Hondo uye Rugare" yakatsanangurwa pakutanga kwechinyorwa.

Nhoroondo yeLobert Tolstoy inoti akaroora muna 1862. Aine mudzimai wake, akazorera vana vapfumbamwe. Mhuri yakatamira kune guta guru muna 1880.

Leo Tolstoy (a biography yemashoko anonakidza pamusoro peizvi anounza) makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake apedza kuparadzaniswa nemafungiro nemakakatanwa mumhuri nekuda kwenhaka iyo inomutevera. Pazera remakore 82 munyori anobva mumugwagwa ndokuenda parwendo, kure nemararamiro ehupenyu. Asi hutano hwake hwakanga husina simba pane izvozvo. Ari munzira, akabata chando uye akafa. Akavigwa, zvirokwazvo, munyika yekwavo - muJasnaya Polyana.