Agricultural vatorwa Europe. Mamirire kurima kwose Europe

Pasinei vamwe kuita zvimwe ari munyika pfuma, vatorwa Europe akakwanisa kumisa nokururamisira zvikuru zvibereko kurima. Kunyika chikamu ino havasi chete kupa zvokudya vayo vakawanda, asi vakawanda vavo exporters zvikuru chirimwa uye mhuka zvigadzirwa. Kana nemauto rokutanga, vazhinji dzakabudirira munyika dzokuEurope chinhu dheri mombe. In chirimwa Kugadzirwa munzvimbo iri hunodzorwa kunzvimbo dzakadai nekurima uye horticulture. Dzimwe nyika dziri zvakare exporters kupfuura zviyo, kazhinji gorosi.

Agricultural vatorwa Europe: nhamba yezviri vokuparidzira

Mushure Second World War, kuchinja zvikuru vakatora nzvimbo upfumi rinoti mudunhu. Huwandu yezviri vanogara vanoshanda mune zvokurima shoma yekudyidzana. Rakanga chokuita kukura idzva ndichibvunza kugadzirwa nzira, ichiwedzera zvakanaka uye zvimwewo zvakawanda. Zvisinei, misiyano pakati nyika iyi kuremekedza zvakachengetedzwa. Somuenzaniso, muUnited Kingdom ra2005 ari zvokurima nharaunda dzinenge 1,4% yezviri vakawanda akanga achishanda muPortugal - 19%, muRomania - 42%. Mamiriro ezvinhu anoramba nhasi.

The Mhando chikuru mufambiro

Specialization, izvo zvinogona kudada wokurima kunze muEurope, ndiye subtropical kurima. Unorema pamusoro kupinzwa mishonga zvokudya chikamu ino vanoumba mazambiringa, muchero, shuga uye waini. Nzvimbo yechipiri inogarwa iri zvigadzirwa romukaka mhuka - mukaka, nyama, chizi, ruomba.

Saka, chikuru mhando kurima kwose muEurope ndeinotevera:

• Central European aine predominance zvipfuwo (kunyanya mukaka) marongerwo.
• Southern European ane predominance zvirimwa kugadzirwa, kunyanya subtropical.

Munogona kusarudza rudzi Eastern Europe zvokurima, ndoda unyanzvi. Sangano iri ndiro rinowanikwa kunyika aimbova mugovanisi musasa.

Central European mhando

nyika dzekunze European nemasangano okurima kwakadaro dzidzira kunyanya nyama uye nomukaka mombe ruminant uye chirimwa kukura kormoproizvodyaschem. Uyewo zvikuru zvinokosha podotroslyami kukura muriwo uye richikura munyika idzi zvirimwa maindasitiri.

zvipfuwo

Kumadokero kumatunhu England, kuchamhembe kweFrance uye Germany, Netherlands, Denmark uye Switzerland dzinonyanya zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira dheri mombe. Ruomba, margarine, yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa mukaka uye chizi vanoumba boka guru chikamu kupinzwa mishonga chikafu kubva kunyika idzi. MuGermany, France, Netherlands uye Denmark vari zvakawanda zvinhu munyaya dheri uye nyama mombe, nguruve uye yehuku. Chinhu chinokosha muupenyu zvokurima maumbirwo izvi Sub-sectors uye tora muUK. Munzvimbo dzine murombo zvadzinofura chawo (Scotland, vari Massif Central muFrance, Pieniny) akawana kusimudzira tsika gwai zvikuru zvakanaka.

chirimwa

Agriculture kunze muEurope, kana totaura kuchamhembe uye vokumadokero nharaunda, sezvambotaurwa, rinonyanya kukurukura nyaya mhuka minda. Chirimwa Kugadzirwa munyika Central European mhando sangano payo kazhinji achitamba yechipiri basa uye aisimbirira kubatsira mombe maberekero uye nguruve kurima. Two-zvikamu munyika chikamu ichi muEurope wokumwe inogarwa Mafuro uye mafuro. Panguva kukudziridzwa nevhu akura kunyanya nembatatisi, rye, oats uye zvezvipfuwo zvirimwa. Munguva ichangopfuura, zvisinei, chirimwa kurimwa munyika Central European mhando management kuri kuzviraramira bazi. Zvikurukuru, izvi zvinogona kunzi France. Panguva iyoyo, mamiriro uyu Somuenzaniso, mumwe importers pakukura gorosi neshuga.

floriculture

Agricultural vatorwa Europe iri kuchamhembe uye vokumadokero nyika chakabatikana kunonyanya pamusoro zvokudya zvirimwa. Zvisinei, munharaunda ino pane kwazvo kunyatsobudirira Sub-zvekutepfenyura - floriculture. It dzidzira mu vainyanya Netherlands. Kura Mabumba, pamiti zvishongo zvirimwa munyika akatanga nguva refu - makore anopfuura 400 apfuura. The tulips vokutanga vakauya kuNetherlands kubva Turkey. Munguva pfupi nguva kuHolland zvakabviswa zviuru akasiyana uye akasiyana ruva iri. Panguva ino, Netherlands mumwe bhizimisi pakukura zvishongo zvinomera - tulips, Roses, chrysanthemums, daffodils, etc. - .. Munyika.

Zvinoitwa okurima vatorwa Europe: Southern Style

Nokuti nyika nesangano kwakadaro kunoratidzwa specialization iri chirimwa. Akura ari in wokumaodzanyemba kweEurope, kusanganisira zviyo. Zvisinei, chinonyanya mukurumbira vari zvirimwa zvakadai almonds, maranjisi, miriwo nemichero. mugove zvokurima kugadzirwa cheshumba mazambiringa neyemiorivhi.

The kupfuura unoshamisa mienzaniso specialization kumaodzanyemba subtropical zvirimwa yakabatana kugungwa munzvimbo muSpain uye Italy. The yokupedzisira anopindura Somuenzaniso, nzvimbo yokutanga kuunganidza mazambiringa munyika. Kukohwa pagore miriwo Italy zvakafanana mamiriyoni 14-15 matani zvibereko, Citrus michero uye mazambiringa -. Mamiriyoni 18-18 matani kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu Spain achibatsirwa rekare Roman kudiridza mugadziriro, vakura kunyanya zviyo, donje uye fodya. Panewo kwazvo kunyatsobudirira kukura muriwo, viticulture uye horticulture maranjisi. Kuunganidza maorivhi Spain inoremekedzwa pakutanga munyika.

Eastern European mhando

Agriculture munyika dzakadai Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria uye zvichingodaro. E., kwakasimbiswa kuva inokosha ezvoupfumi. Pakati pezana remakore rapfuura iri munzvimbo vachishingaira kusika seboka uye ehurumende kumapurazi. Naizvozvo, munhu akazivisa specialization nyika idzi kunze muEurope havana kurima. More zvichidzika zvakajeka kwakaratidzwa chete kurima miriwo, fodya, michero uye mazambiringa. Development munzvimbo idzi uye tsanga kurima. Zvikurukuru yakanaka mberi munda uyu akaita chirimwa Hungary. Zviyo goho munyika iyi quintals 50 paminiti hectare. The por capita 1400 makirogiramu. In Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia uye Croatia vari akura kunyanya miriwo, michero uye mazambiringa.

Agricultural vatorwa Europe (ona tafura):

Ndizvo chete nzira kwakadaro bhizimisi uye Sub-maindasitiri Agriculture riri kuparadzirwa kunze mu Europe. Netafura, Chokwadi, kunyanya zvakawanda, asi anopa muchidimbu wake chacho.