Muunganidzi motokari yemagetsi. Universal collector motor

Commutator injini chinhu synchronous yemagetsi muchina umo chinja kuitika munyika ichitenderera uye rotor nzvimbo Switch vari yakaumbwa somunhu uye chete mudziyo - bhurasho-nomuteresi chikwata. Kombiyuta inogona kuva mhando dzakasiyana.

mhando

Commutator injini DC kazhinji zvinosanganisira wayo sezvamunoita zvinhu zvakadai:

- a-danda matatu rotor pamusoro zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope mabheyaringi;

- maviri danda stator pamwe magnets a zvachose;

- mhangura yairema sezvo gungano nomuteresi bhurasho.

Ichi seti ndizvo kuti vakawanda pasi-simba rokugadzirisa kuti anoshandiswa kakawanda muna matoyi evana kuti haadi zvakawanda simba. The Zvinoumba injini kupfuura simba yaisanganisira dzakawanda STRUCTURAL zvinhu:

- Four graphite bhurasho muchimiro gungano nomuteresi;

- mumwe rotor multiple mapango chinotenderera mabheyaringi;

- stator zvachose magineti nemapango mana.

Kazhinji, injini midziyo yacho mhando rinoshandiswa motokari ano kurudza nemotokari hurongwa uye zvinenge kutonhora kufefetedza pesin pombi, uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri janitors. Panewo nemagungano zvikuru kunzwisisa.

Motor simba anoverengeka zana watts or ndiko kushandisa sechikamu mana danda stator, rakagadzirwa electromagnets. Nokuti maererano nokuda windings ayo anogona kushandisa mumwe dzakawanda:

- Zvichipindirana rotor. Muchiitiko chino, yakakwirira kunonyanyisa torque, asi nekuda mukuru maturo nokukurumidza ari pangozi kukuvara injini.

- In zvinofambirana pamwe rotor. Panyaya iyi, iyo turnover akaramba akatsiga mumamiriro ezvinhu kuchinja mutoro, asi kufadza torque iri zvinooneka duku.

- Mixed excitation kana ichitenderera kwakabatana munguva dzino uye chikamu zvakafanana. Panyaya iyi, kuti mubatanidzwa zvakanakira yapfuura embodiments. Shandisa kwakadai motokari kuti Mutange.

- akazvimiririra excitation, iyo anoshandisa yoga simba zvitengeswa. Muchiitiko chino, unhu vakawana, unoenderana yakafanana kubatana. Shandisa pfungwa iri zvisinganyanyi kuitika.

Commutator injini ine zvazvakanakira: vava nyore kugadzira, kugadzira, ishande, uye upenyu hwavo nebasa iri zvakakwana guru. Sezvo zvainovhiringidzawo yemanyorero dzinounzwa sezvinotevera: Kazhinji anobudirira akaitwa kwakadaro mano vari nizkomomentnymi Fleet uye saka Zvifambiso vakawanda zvinoda kuisa gearboxes. Mashoko aya ari wakarurama, sezvo yemagetsi muchina, pfungwa shoma akurumidze, dzinoratidzwa understated kunyatsoshanda, uyewo chokuita izvi kutonhora matambudziko. Wokupedzisira zvokuti ivo zvakaoma kuwana yakashongedzwa mhinduro.

Universal commutator injini

musimboti iyi ndiyo nzira iri nomuteresi kuitika pamusoro muchina ndiyo nguva inokwanisa uchishanda zvakananga uye rakatumbuka ano. The mudziyo kwakapararira mune mamwe imba midziyo yemagetsi uye ruoko nematurusi nokuda kwavo duku kukura, duku uremu, pasi mari uye nyore nokukurumidza murau. Kazhinji richiwanika sechipiriso traction muchina muUnited States uye muEurope njanji. Unogona kuona injini chikwata.

patani Features

Nokuti kunzwisisa nyaya iri nani vanofanira kunyatsoongorora, kuti akaumba hwaro mharidzo mudziyo. mhando yezvisikwa nemuteresi injini ari DC mudziyo ane munda akatevedzana-kwakabatana ichitenderera optimized nokuda AC mhuri Magetsi Network. Motor kutenderera ari mumwe murayiridzo, pasinei polarity. Izvi imhaka yokuti akatevedzana kubatana pakati pakati windings zviri stator uye rotor kunoguma mawa yekupindurwa rinobva mapango, uye pakudaro Pamusana nguva chinotungamirwa zvakafanana negwara.

Chii chiri izvozvo zvakaitwa?

The commutator AC injini kunosanganisira kushandisa stator sechivako magnetically nyoro zvinhu kuti ane diki hysteresis. Kuderedza marwadzo , Eddy dzenzvimbo, maatomu akafanana izvi zvakagadzirwa ukapisa murwi kwamahwendefa pamwe kuputira. Sezvo subset of AC commutator michina netsika kusiyanisa aggregates pulsating iyezvino yaunganidzwa kugadzirisa rimwe-danho redunhu kuitika pasina rimire pamusoro pulsation.

Commutator injini AC kakawanda dzinoratidzwa kwakadaro chawo; asi idle- inductive nemishonga kuti stator windings haibvumiri kuitika kuti uparadze kupfuura imwe muganhu, izvozvo ichikutadzisa uye kunonyanyisa gwenya torque kuti 3-5 pamusoro chezita. Rakada kufanana nemashoko zvemaziso zvatariswa kubudirira nokushandisa partition of stator windings - nomumwe zvakabudiswa inoshandiswa kubatanidza AC.

Vazhinji rakaoma hwakazara simba nokuchinja commutator muchina AC. Panguva apo kwazvakarerekera chikamu chapfuura, munhu remagineti riri kuroorana pamwe rotor, kuchinja mirayiridzo yaro, uye ichi anova chikonzero generating chikamu reactive electromotive simba. Izvi zvinoitika kana kumhanya pasi AC simba. The nemuteresi AC muchina anoshayisa nzvimbo reactive EMF. Pakarepo kupembererwa uye transformer emf nokuti rotor ari remagineti pamusoro stator, pulsing munguva. Soft pakutanga commutator injini zvisingaiti, nekuti panguva iyi amplitude pamusoro muchina achava kufadza, asi sezvo imi pedyosa kusvika synchronism akurumidze ndiyo Proportional kuti kuderera. Mimwe kumhanyisa zvaizoitika kuwedzera itsva. Kugadzirisa dambudziko nokuchinja mune iyi unopiwa matanho akawanda sequential:

- The Magadzirirwo vanofanira kukoshesa rimwe-dzokai chikamu, nokudaro achidzikisa unyatsoshanda batira.

- The nemishonga chikamu kunodiwa kuwedzera, iro vaizotibata kupfuura zvinhu vari resistors ari muteresi ndiro apo pane kutonhora akanaka.

- noMuteresi anofanira kushingaira podshlifovyvatsya brushes kunonyanyisa pokuoma pamwe chemhando nemishonga.

- Reactive electromotive simba kunogona ndanyarara hangu nokushandisa mamwe namatanda anotevedzana windings, uye kufanana ichitenderera pamusoro transformer runobatsira muripo kuna EMF. Sezvo kukosha rokupedzisira parameter ari kushanda chisina kutsetseka nokukurumidza kubva rotor uye magnetizing uno, windings dzakadaro zvinoda muranda murau, izvo haisati dziripo.

- Frequency zvitengeswa nematunhu inofanira kuva pasi napo. Chinonyanya dzakakurumbira kusarudza vane 16 uye 25 Hz.

- Kudzorerwa SACS akaita pachishandiswa Nokuchinja kubva polarity nokuchinja kubva stator windings kana rotor.

Zvakanakira nekuipira

Enzanisa anotevera ezvinhu: The mano chokuita kumba remagetsi samambure ane voltage pamusoro 220 volts uye kakawanda 50 Hz, injini simba hazvisi chete. The musiyano zvemaziso zvechadenga mudziyo kunogona kuva kuvamirira kana mukana zvichienderana chii zvinodiwa anoshanda kune actuator.

Nokudaro, muteresi AC injini: chiremerera kana tichienzanisa DC chikwata:

- The unyorwe nemambure rinoitwa zvakananga, pasina chikonzero okuwedzera zvinoriumba. Kana munhu DC muchina zvinoda kugadzirisa.

- Start-up iyezvino iduku zvikuru, izvo zvinokosha chaizvo kuti mano kushandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

- In paine kudzorwa redunhu mudziyo zviri nyore zvikuru - uye thyristor nokuda kwenhamo. Kana electronic zvinoriumba ndichavaka navo, muteresi electric motor, mutengo iyo kunobva simba uye zvinobva 1,400 rubles uye zvakawanda, vacharamba operative, asi pakarepo kuitwa simba zvizere.

Kunewo zvimwe payakaipira:

- Nokuda Nokurasikirwa ari stator inductance chaisazvitsigira uye zvinonyatsorehwa kunyatsoshanda iri chaizvo ipfupi.

- Maximum torque iri ipfupi.

Electric Motors, chimwe-danho nemuteresi abatsirike tichienzanisa induction:

- compactness;

- kusavapo nokusungwa kune zvakarukwa kakawanda uye rapidity;

- kosha torque;

- munhu Proportional rutapudzo kuti kumukira uye kuwedzera otomatiki rudzi, uyewo yakawedzera torque sezvo mutoro kuwedzera, voltage anoramba kuzochinja;

- havukavu kuzvidzora kunogona kumeso pamusoro kumbonyanya siyana nokuda kusiyanisa pomugove voltage.

Payakaipira ichienzaniswa asynchronous motokari

- kana mutoro nokukurumidza uchava sagadzikana;

- mudziyo mumakwenzi-commutator gungano hakuiti chaizvo zvakavimbika (kudiwa kunonyanyisa kukwesha yekudyidzana kunoderedza upfumi);

- AC nokuchinja kunokonzera kwazvo arcing panguva muteresi, nokudaro kuumbwa chipingaidzo;

- yakakwirira ruzha yomuropa kubasa;

- the nemuteresi kunoratidzwa vakawanda zvikamu, zvichiita injini iwayo akakura.

Modern nemuteresi injini kunoratidzwa pfuma kuenderana chete yaibvira zvemaziso rachulis uye kushanda miviri.

dzimwe kuenzanisa

Kana achienzanisa muteresi uye asynchronous Motors simba vakaenzana, pasinei aizviti kakawanda yokupedzisira kwayo, inotengwa maitiro siyana. Next chichange kurondedzerwa zvizere. Universal commutator injini zvokurimisa munhu "nyoro" unongotaura. Muchiitiko chino, torque ndiyo Proportional kuti mutoro uri mugodhi zvakananga, apo zvinoitika inversely. Rated torque rinowanzova isingasviki kufadza vana 3-5. Kuderedza asingabati nokukurumidza izvozvo kunoratidzwa aakatipa nezvinhu injini, saka kana simba muchina pasina rokukwidza inogona kuparadzwa.

A chakanangana induction injini chinhu 'dzinoshandisa', i.e. kuti chikwata anoramba nokukurumidza approximating yacho aizviti kunonyanyisa nguva kuwedzera zvikuru ne zvishoma kuderera nokukurumidza. Kana tiri kutaura pamusoro kuchinja zvikuru paakati ichi, injini torque harisi chete kukura, asi anosiya kune zero, iyo inotungamira rakamira wakakwana. Simbe nokukurumidza zvishoma kupfuura chezita, apo kuramba kugara. Hunhu chete-danho induction injini chimwezve akagadzirwa matambudziko chokuita kanda, sezvo haina kuva kutanga torque pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu. The remagineti rimwe chete-danho stator, pulsing munguva, rakakamurwa muminda maviri akatarisana maitikiro, nokuti iyo kutanga pasina ose mazano zvisisakwanisiki:

- chinzvimbo, nokusika chakagadzirwa danho;

- paradzanisa paburi;

- Kuramba Anoumba chakagadzirwa kutotanga.

Tichingotarisa munda kutenderera munyika pakatarisana chokutambudzika kunoderedza kufadza kunyatsoshanda chete-danho induction muchina kusvika 50-60% nokuda nazvo munyika rinobva ino uye supersaturated windings akaita pamusoro pakaunda munda dzenzvimbo. Zvakaratidza kuti musi iwoyo mugodhi zviri michina mbiri yemagetsi, pamwe chete anodawo ari injini muoti uye mumwe - rinopikisa muoti. Zvakaratidza kuti yemagetsi Motors Single-danho nemuteresi vasingatongozivi vakwikwidzi mu dzawo network. Uye ichi chakabereka refu yakakurumbira zvakadaro.

Mechanical zvechadenga electric motor rinopa imwe nharaunda kushandiswa. Low Kasira, dzisina Frequency AC kuti asynchronous simba zvakafanana aggregates guru pakukura uye uremu ichienzaniswa zvakasikwa nemuteresi. Zvisinei, kana wakazopinzwa simba inverter redunhu rurefu maitikiro inogona kubudirira akafanana pakukura uye uremu. Zvazvinosarira kuomarara zvemaziso zvechadenga injini, kuti zviri akawedzera tokopreobrazovanie kurasikirwa uyewo wakawedzera kakawanda, vakawedzera rinobva uye inductive varasikirwa.

Analogs pasina nomuteresi raiva pedyo nebundu

Commutator injini ane analoginen AC, riri pedyo nayo mune zvokuimba maitiro, - vharuvhu, sezvamakaropafadzwa gungano bhurasho-commutator akatsiva inverter nepokuongorora rotor nzvimbo Switch. In wemagetsi analoginen kuti muchina uyu anoshandisa zvinotevera ezvinhu: a rectifier, synchronous injini ine Switch pakati chisina kutsetseka nzvimbo rotor, pamwe chete nomunhu inverter. Zvisinei, kuvapo ari rotor zvechigarire magnets a kunotungamirira kuti rutapudzo pamusoro kunonyanyisa torque apo rarinoshevedzwa saizi.

musimboti oparesheni

commutator injini mudziyo inoratidza sei parachuti anomuchinja zvemagetsi simba kupinda zvokuimba simba ndiEzekieri. Izvi zvinoratidza mukana kushandiswa kwayo sechinhu jenareta. Zvakakodzera kufunga nomuteresi injini muudzame hukuru zvikuru, dunhu iyo hucharatidza nezvaanogona ayo.

Mitemo wefizikisi kutaura pachena kuti kana magetsi kuburikidza nemunhu ari remagineti, kushanda paari imwe simba. In kushanda nomurau uyu thumbs, vane zvakananga kubatsira injini simba. Commutator injini inoshanda pasi ichi inokosha.

Physics inotidzidzisa kuti hwaro pakusika anobatsira zvinhu mitemo shoma. Izvi zvakanga hwaro kusika munhu furemu kuti rotates nenzira remagineti, zvichiita kuti pave nomuteresi injini. The zano rinoratidza kuti mu remagineti pamusoro peya conductors anoiswa, munhu kuitika icho akatungamirira mu wakatarisana mirayiridzo, uye saka simba zvakare. Verengai wavo anopa runodiwa torque. The umhare ari electric motor zvakawanda kwakatooma, sezvo akawedzera zvakawanda yose zvinokosha, kunyanya, ari muteresi kuti inopa chete ano mirayiridzo pamusoro namatanda. The unevenness mberi kwave kubviswa nokuronga Coils akawanda pamusoro armature, uye zvechigarire magnets a vakanga yakatsiviwa coils, izvo akatibvumira kudzivisa kudiwa DC. Zvinokwanisika kupa chete kutungamirirwa torque.

Yokugadzirisa dzemagetsi Motors nemaoko avo pachavo

Kufanana nevamwe mudziyo upi, chikwata ichi anogona chakakona chero chikonzero. Kana electric motor, pikicha izvo unogona kuona kwataita kurege dhayira neuwandu majana, kana kana akatanga haisi akashandura nomubato uchida kuongorora, havana kupisa kana fuses, hapana hwatsvuka ari zvemagetsi wedunhu iri armature, kwete migweje kana mudziyo pachayo. Kakawanda wakaremedza zvinoisa kanganisika ano rinodyiwa tsika. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri vanofanira ukanyatsoongorora nomuviri wazvo uye akamedura, uye ipapo kubvisa zvinokonzera kuzara.

The umhare injini zvokuti panguva startup unoparadza mumwe amperage. Kana mukuru kupfuura chezita kukosha, zvinodikanwa kutarisa kwemashoko unobatanidza yakafanana uye Serial windings hama nepedyo, uyewo chokuita rheostat. Kana iri yokugadzirisa dzemagetsi Motors nemaoko avo, kazhinji akabvumira zvikanganiso chaizvo chaizvo. Zvikurukuru, shunt windings zvinogona kwakabatana munguva dzino wemagetsi nemishonga rheostat, kana zvakabatana rimwe danda riri mains.

Kusachinja-chinja checkered unobva kushanda ichitenderera excitation chinoitwa kuburikidza mumwe mugumo shunt ichitenderera tambo, uye wechipiri - ane zvemagetsi kondakita anomuitira kubva chinhu chakakombama rheostat. Kazhinji-chikamu pamuchinjikwa magetsi kondakita zvishoma muduku pane vamwe, saka unogona kuonekwa pasina megger. Pashure akatendeuka pamusoro simba chinja uye rheostat kusuduruka mubato kuti pakati nzvimbo iri vakasununguka kumigumo kugamuchira simba. Kuburikidza kudzorwa rambi anoitwa successively kutarira zvose conductive mativi. Kana iwe kubata mumwe wavo, mwenje anofanira kubatidza kumusoro uye mumwe - kwete. Naizvozvo kuedzwa motokari. Mutengo basa rinoitwa achaenderana mhando kuvadza chikwata.

Kana panguva mashandiro nhamba nokumukirana iri kuchengetwa, iyo idukusa chezita, chikuru zvikonzero ichi vanowanzova sezvinotevera: chiduku rezvebonde voltage, zadzisa mano, hombe inofadza kuitika. Kana paine non-yaishandiswa zvakasikwa neizvi kunodiwa kutarisa excitation yemagetsi redunhu, kubvisa zvose dzakaonekwa kuremara, ipapo zvinokwanisika kuti asimbise dzose kukosha excitation ano. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, ungafanira Washington dzemagetsi Motors.

Kana chikonzero inoperability chikwata chiri yakakanganiswa conjugation zvakafanana uye sequential excitation windings kunodiwa kudzorera nenhevedzano nezvezvakanga. Kana hazvibviri kubvisa dambudziko rakadaro zviri nyore kungadiwa kuti Washington dzemagetsi Motors. Raida Check kukosha uye voltage ari magetsi network, sezvo michero yayo chezita chakarurama zano nokukurumidza kunogona akawedzera.