Zvikonzero zvekukunda kweVaBolshevik muHondo Yenyika: mhemberero yehondo uye kurasikirwa munguva yehondo

Kwemakore akawanda vanyori venhau dzakave vachiedza kuumba zvikonzero zvekukunda kweBolshevik muHondo yeVanhu. Kuongorora kwezviitiko zvemakore iwayo kwakasiyana zvikuru zvichienderana nenguva.

Power centralized

Misiyano huru pakati pe "reds" uye "vatsvene" ndeyokuti maKomonisiti aigona kusimbisa simba rekugadzwa kubva pakutanga kwehondo, iyo nzvimbo yose yakakundwa navo yakanga iri pasi. VaBolshevik vakakwanisa kubata Petrograd neMoscow. Mumaoko avo maiva maguta maviri makuru enyika.

"Vatsvene" havasati vambova kufamba kumwe chete. Pakati pevadzivisi vevaKomonisiti vaiva vatungamiri vazhinji (somuenzaniso, Denikin naKolchak). Vose zvavo vakashanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana mukushaikwa kwekukurukurirana zvakajeka uye pasina kuisa chinangwa chakafanana. Mune dzimwe nzira, zvakange zviri chaizvo kusabatana uku kwakave nezvikonzero zvekukunda kweBolshevik muHondo yeVanhu.

Asingagutsikana naLenin pamwe nesangano rake vakamirira zvakasiyana zvakasiyana zvezvematongerwo enyika. Pakati pe "vatsvene" vaiva madzimambo uye Republicans, vemarudzi uye vatongi. Kurwisana uye maonero akasiyana-siyana kazhinji haana kubvumira vatungamiri kuti vabatanidze maitiro avo mukurwisana ne "reds." Nokudaro, zvikonzero zvekukunda kweVaBolshevik muHondo yeVanhu vaisati vashandise, asi mukukanganisa kwevadzivisi vavo.

Unyanzvi hunoparadzirwa

"Muchena" aiva akaipa agitators. Basa rakagadziriswa nemauto uye vanhu venyika dzakakundwa zvakaitwa nenzira imwe. Nenguva chete vapikisi veKomonisiti vakanzwisisa kukosha kwekushungurudzika, asi pakupera kwehondo basa rakakosha rakanga rave riri mumaoko emavatsigiri vaLenin.

Kakawanda maitiro ekugadzirisa mauto akaiswa pamafudzi evapurisa vekare vehondo tsarist. Ichokwadi kuti vakanga vasati vakagadzirira basa rakadaro. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvikonzero zvekukunda kweBolshevik munguva yeHondo yeVanhu vangavewo kukwanisa kwavo kuronga kuparidzira kwakanaka kunorwisana nevavengi. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti boka revanhu vose rakange rine dzidzo yakanakisisa uye rakashongedzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu.

Utungamiri hweSoviet kubva musi wekutanga chaiwo mushure mokuuya nesimba hwakanga huri purogiramu yakajeka yekuita maererano nekushandurwa kwemazuva anotevera kwenyika. Pangopera nguva yeOctober Revolution yakaitika, mazita ekuzivikanwa pamusoro penyika uye nyika akabudiswa, izvo zvakawedzerwa kufarirwa kwe "reds" pakati pevanhu vanoparadza varimi uye vehondo.

Vatungamiri vesangano re "white", sekutonga, vaine dzidzo yehondo. Vakanga vari vakuru vakuru, asi vakakanganiswa zvachose mukutaura nezveramangwana reRussia. Iko kushanduka kwakaitika zvisati zvaonekwa nemunhu wekare aristocracy kwakadyara kutya nekuvhiringidzika kwemafungiro mumapoka evashori ve "reds." Mukusava nechokwadi kwavo, zvikonzero zvekukunda kweVaBolshevik muHondo yeVanhu vevanhu vakavanzwa. Kuti uzviise muchidimbu, kusawirirana kwezviito uye zvisarudzo zvevakuru ve "vatsvene" vakaramba zvachose kubudirira kwavo kwehondo.

Kuranga muHondo

Nhengo mbiri dzekukonana dzakabatwa nekuderera. Vanhu vakatiza mauto nemhaka yehurombo hwemamiriro ezvinhu eusungwa, sangano risingaiti, mukuru wehurumende, nezvimwewo.

Apo hondo yeDenikin yakawana kubudirira zvakanyanya mberi, yakanga yatova kumucheto kweMoscow. Yaiva panguva iyoyo apo zvikonzero zvikuru zvekukunda kweVaBolshevik muHondo yeVanhu vevanhu vakavhiringidzika. MuMoscow, vakasarudza kutonga kudzvinyirirwa nevanoshungurudza nevasununguri. Uyewo, zvakasara-zvigadzirwa mumusha zvakakura. VaBolshevik havana kufunga nezvevanhu vakaurayiwa munzira yekuzadzisa vavariro yavo. Somugumisiro, musha wacho wakaparadzwa (kwaiva nenzara), asi hondo yakatanga kutambira zvishoma nezvimwe zvipo. Kuranga mumashure kwakawedzerawo, izvo zvakabvumidza kurongedza masimba ehondo inopesana ne "vatsvene".

Panguva imwecheteyo, mauto eSouth yeRussia akatambura nechisimba chechikamu che "maguru" echikwata. Izvo "vatsvene" havakwanise kukunda nyika yose yevanhu, nemhaka yekuti chirongwa chavo chekuendesa nyika kune vagari vomunzvimbo yacho chave chichimesa. Denikinites yaifanira kurohwa mumisha nemataundi akanga atove aparadzwa nehondo. Izvo zvinosuruvarisa hupfumi hwehupfumi uye kupererwa kwehuwandu hwevanhu zvakagumbura zvakanyanya nzvimbo dze "hurumende" hurumende.

Nokuda kwekutsauka kune vaipikisana nevaKomonisiti vaifanira kutora mauto matsva evanhu vakatora Red Army varume. Kubva izvi zvakagadzirirwa zvombo zvakange zvakanyanya kukuvadza kupfuura kunaka. Vakakurumidza kuenda kune rumwe rutivi rwemuvengi, vakaronga kuparadzwa, vakatiza muhondo, nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Kuramba kwe tsarist system

MuSoviet historiography, zvikonzero zvekukunda kweVaBolshevik muHondo Yenyika, kusungurudzazve kweHondo Yenyika uye nhoroondo yake yose yakapiwa mumabhuku ekunyora zvakasimba. Yakanga yakasimbiswa ruvengo rwe "vatsvene" vedzimba dzemaguta, avo vakanga vasingadi kudzoka kwekare.

Zvechokwadi, maRunist's repulist rhetoric pamusoro pekuuya kwehutongi hweparadhiso yakaita zvakanyanya zvakanyanya kune varombo vanhu vomunyika kudarika kukurudzirwa kwemajeri kwevaTsarist vakuru. Muchirevo che "tsvuku" ivo "vatsvene" vaiva vashandisi, vanoteverwa nevarume vakuru uye vamwe vasina kugadzikana vezvematongerwo enyika, avo vakanga vasingadikanwi nevashandi. Vakuru vezvematongerwo enyika vakatenda kuti mushure mokugadzwa kwesimba reSoviet munyika yose nguva itsva yekubudirira kune vashandi vese vanobva kumafekitari kwaizotanga.

Hondo yekurwisana ne bourgeoisie

Hazvina chero munhu (kunyange mumutungamiri wepakati) aitarisira kuti zvisikwa zveUSSR zvaizove zvakadini. Zvikonzero zvekukunda kweVaBolshevik muHondo yeVanhu, muchidimbu, zvikurukuru yakave mukutsigirwa kwavo nevashambadzi mushure mokutangwa kweChirevo paNyika. Zvisinei, hapana mumwe wevagari vomunharaunda akaziva kuti mushure mekugadzwa kwesimba reSoviet, kushandiswa kwekusungwa kwehuranda kwaizotanga nenzira yekuumba mapurazi akabatanidzwa mumhando dzakaipa zvikuru.

Maonero echiKomonisiti aifunga kuti zvakanga zvakafanira kubvisa kushandiswa kwevanhu vakuru vevashandi. Mushure meHondo Yenyika, bourgeoisie zvechokwadi yakabviswa kubva pachiso chenyika. Asi panzvimbo yeaimbova mubatsiri akauya nyika, iyo yakarongedza yakawanda majisi kubva kune varimi uye vashandi. Munguva yehondo, zviratidzo zvakasimba pamusoro pehutongi hwemagariro evanhu zvaive zvakanyanya kubudirira pakati pevarombo nevanoshayiwa hondo.

Vagari venhaka yekutanga yeRevolution

Kune vakawanda vezvirevo zvepamusoro, kushanduka kwe 1905 kwakange kusingakanganwiki. Kupfuurira kwaro kwaiva Hondo Yehurumende muRussia. Zvikonzero zvekukunda kweBolshevik zvaive mukuti ivo vaitsigirwa nevanhu vakatambura nekutora tsarist, vakaronga makore gumi zvisati zvaitika. Kunyatsoratidzwa zvakasimbiswa uye akayeuka chiitiko neBloody Sunday, apo muSt. Petersburg yakadururwa nehurumende yevashandi vakafamba vachikumbira kuna mambo.

Kuti unzwisise kuti zvii zvikonzero zvekukunda kweVaBolshevik muHondo Yenyika, zvakare kukwana kuyeuka chinhu cheHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Hurumende "yakachena" (pamwe chete neHurumende yeHurumende ye1917) yakaramba ichitsigira Entente mukurwisana neGermany. Shanduro ye "hondo kusvika pakuguma kwekukunda" yakava tsvuku tsvuku kune varwi vakaneta.

Lenin nesangano rake vakatora mubhanhire uyu munguva. Hurukuro dzakatanga neGermany, iyo yakaguma nechisimbiso cheBrest Peace Treaty. Nokudaro zvikonzero zvekukunda kweVaBolshevik muHondo Yenyika. Makomunisti muhutano hwemahombe yakava nhume dze rugare rwakamirira kwenguva refu. Hondo Yenyika Yenyika Yese yainzi "imperialist", yakatumidzwa kwemakore mazhinji mumabhuku eSoviet.

Intervention Entente

Kana tikanyora zvikonzero zvekukunda kweVaBolshevik muHondo yeVanhu nehurongwa, hatikwanise kutaura kukanganisa kwakaipisisa kwe "vatsvene" avo vakagamuchira rubatsiro rwevadzidzi veEuropean. Mushure memhedziso yeChipatano cheBrest muCentente, hutungamiri hweSoviet hwakanga hwapomerwa mhosva yekupandukira.

Vabatsiri vakaenderera mberi ne "vatsvene". Zvisinei, rubatsiro rwavo rwakanga husina simba uye rwakave rwakaitwa mubasa rezvikamu zvishoma zvekumaodzanyemba. Ipapo veEurope havana kuenda. Kuvhiringidzwa kwavo kunosanganisira zvikonzero zvekukunda kweBolshevik muHondo Yenyika. Vanhu veCommunist Party vakatora mukana wekurwiswa uku sefambiro yakabudirira yekuparidza.

Iye zvino "vatsvene" vainzi vanopandukira kune nyika, avo vakapfuurira kuita nevanoparadza. Saka pane zvikonzero zvitsva zvekukunda kweBolshevik muHondo yeVanhu. Mitsara mikuru yemhirizhonga iyi yeropa inowanzoumbwa maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu epamberi. Asi "chena" yakarasikirwa nehondo kwete muhondo, asi mumamiriro ezvinhu. Kufamba kwose kwemuvengi nehuwandu hwemashoko e "tsvuku" anoshandiswa kubudirira.

Uye usarasika kana iwe uchibvunzwa kuti: "Zita zvikonzero zvekukunda kweVaBolshevik muHondo Yenyika." Mukuda kuinyora, zvinokwana kutaura zvakataurwa pamusoro apa.

Hondo yekurwisana nevashori

Mukurwisana kwavo nevanopindira kune dzimwe nyika, hutungamiri hweSoviet hwakashandisa zvakashandiswa zvido zvenyika. Vashandi vanobva kunyika dzose dzeEurope vakatarisa kushanduka kweRussia sekukunda kwavo pachavo. Mauto ezvokune dzimwe nyika akazara nemafashamo neSoviet vashandi uye vakagadziri, avo vakaparadza muvengi kubva mukati.

Zvinonakidza kuti Lenin pachake akanyora mutsamba dzake kuti nyika dzeEentente dzaive nesimba rakakwana rekuparadza vaBolshevik uye dzinotora kuMoscow naPetrograd. Zvisinei, veAllies havana kuita izvi. Mukubatsira kwavo kune "vatsvene", ivo vanozviisa ivo pachavo kune vashoma (pamwero mukuru) zvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa uye zvombo.

Kukundwa kwe "white"

Muna 1919 pakange pane kuchinja kukuru muHondo yeVanhu. "Chichena" pamativi ose akadzoka. Kolchak neuto rake vakasiya Siberia yose ndokufira muIrkutsk.

Denikin zvakare akakundwa ndokutanga kudzokera kumaodzanyemba. Muna 1921, "white" yakasara chete muCrimea, iyo yakabva yakurumidza kupukunyuka nevashori veKomonisiti yakatanga. Nekuguma kweHondo Yenyika, migwagwa yeEuropean capitals yakazadzwa nevatongi veRussia, vakasununguka uye dzimwe mhepo dze "kare".