Peter Nikolaevich Krasnov: biography uye zvisikwa

Petr Nikolaevich Krasnov inzvimbo isingadikanwi uye yakawanda, zvakakosha kucherechedza, kubudirira kupindirana kwekudzidziswa kwakasimba kwehutano, kuratidzwa mubasa rakajeka rechiuto, uye chimiro chekusika, izvo zvakaita kuti mutakuri ave munyori anozivikanwa. Kuzvipira kune nhau dzehondo sezvaaimunzwisisa, ndokumutungamirira kuenda kune imwe nyika, apo tarenda yake yenyorwa yakawedzera.

Kutsanangura nhoroondo

Nhoroondo pfupi yaPeter Krasnov inogona kuratidzwa nemashoko mashomanana - kukudzwa, mauto ehondo uye ushingi, zvechokwadi "kufamba kwakachena" nekuenda kune dzimwe nyika, kuongororwa kwakaipa kwevaNazi uye rufu. Asi pakati pematambudziko aya eropa rezana remakore rechi20, iro rakapararira hupenyu hwevanhu pamativi akasiyana-siyana ezvigaro, izvo zvakagadzirisa zvakare nyika dzose nevanhu, mumwe nomumwe wevadzidzi vake aiva noupenyu. Uye muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, upenyu hwakakurudzira munhu kuti asarudze. Petr Nikolaevich Krasnov, aita chisarudzo ichi kamwechete, akaramba akatendeka kwaari kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva ake.

Mhuri yemuti

Nobleman Peter Krasnov, ane nhoroondo yakazara nezviitiko zvakashamisa, akaberekerwa muSt. Petersburg muna 1869, aive nhaka yeCon Cossack uye aiva weCoscack yakakurumbira yemhuri yeVyoshenskaya musha, uri kuchamhembe kweRostov. Mukuwedzera kune matarenda emadhora ehondo yekudzivirira, mhuri yakaratidza matarenda emagwaro. Mumhuri yeSt. Petersburg Reds, mushandi wekutanga wepeni aiva baba vaPetro Nikolayevich - Ivan Ivanovich. Akarwisana muCaucasus uye akarayira kuparadzaniswa kweCospack yeImperial Guard. Sekuru Krasnov vakanyora nhetembo, pamwe chete nemabasa ezvakaitika kare uye emitauro, somuenzaniso, "Maodzanyemba neChosacks kumusoro," "VaRussia Vashoma paDon", "Dontsy muCaucasus" nevamwe.

Baba Nikolai Ivanovich vakasimuka kuenda kune lieutenant-general zvakare muuto reCossack. Kwete zvishoma zvakakosha vaiva vamiririri vezera rechitatu. Vose hama mbiri Peter Nikolaevich vakaenda pasi munhau. Andrei Nikolaevich aiva musayendisiti anozivikanwa zvikuru wezvinyorwa-biologist, uyewo mufambi. Platon Nikolayevich akanga aine chikamu chekunyora, akanga ari muukama husina kukodzera naAlexander Blok - akanga akaroora kuna tete nyanzvi yakakurumbira Ekaterina Beketova-Krasnov, zvakare munyori.

Makore okudzidza

Pazera remakore gumi nemasere akaonekwa muPirst Petersburg Gymnasium. Mushure mokunge apedzisa zvidzidzo zvake mukirasi yechishanu, akatamira kunodzidziswa zvehondo kune Aleksandrovsky Cadet Corps. Chikamu chekutanga chekudzidzisa zvechiuto chakapedzerwa muchengeti wevadzidzisi vasiri vashandi, pazera remakore 19 akakwanisa kupedza chikoro kubva kuChikoro Chekutanga cheVaParlovsky School. Migumisiro yaakawana yakanga yakajeka zvokuti zita rake rakanyorwa mumatare endarama pane marble plaque.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti iye akapinda zvakare muChikemy of General Staff, asi nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwakashata akadzingwa shure kwegore rekudzidza. Asi pazera remakore makumi matatu nemakumi matatu akapedza kudzidza kuchikoro chevatasvi vemabhiza.

Kutanga kwehondo

Basa rehondo Gwaro rePetro Nikolaevich Krasnov rakatanga pazera remakore makumi maviri pachikwata che cornet, apo akasunungurwa kuhondo yeAtaman yomudyi wenhaka ye Tsarevich. Gore rakapera akanga atove akanyoresa muhondo iyi. Muna 1897, nhume yeRussia yehurumende yakatumirwa kuAbyssinia (ikozvino yeEthiopia), iyo mhepo yakatungamirirwa naKrasnov Pyotr Nikolaevich, uyo ane nhoroondo yekare yakasimbiswa nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi uye kusanganisa kunoshamisa kwekupedzisira.

Gore rakatevera akazogadzirisa dambudziko guru kune nyeri kune rimwe guta riri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweAfrica nechinangwa chekupa pepa, saka zvakanyanya kuoma kuSt. Petersburg. Iyi kufamba-kutuka yakawana mukurumbira mukuru uye yakaunza mimwe mibairo kamwechete: Mutemo weStanislav wechipiri chechipiri, mutambo wepurisa weEthiopia nyeredzi yechidimbu chechitatu uye Mutemo weLegion of Honor yeFrance.

Idzo samples yokutanga peni

Chokutanga chebasa rake, Peter Nikolaevich Krasnov akatanga kuparidza pazera remakore makumi maviri nemaviri. Nhema dzake uye zvigadzirwa zvemashoko ehondo zvakatanga kuonekwa nguva dzose mumapepanhau nemagazini. Kunyanya, pakati pemabasa ake okutanga anogona kuonekwa mabhuku akadai se "Panyanja", "Ataman Platov" nevamwe. Achipa upenyu hwake zvachose kuenda kumasoja ehondo, aigara achikwidziridza zvidzidzo zvemauto mumabasa ake, akaudza nezvehukuru hwehupenyu hwaDon Cossacks. Uye, zvechokwadi, zvakawanda zvorudo.

Kubudirira kwake panguva yerwendo rweAfrica kwakawanawo chimiro chekunyora. Mushure mokudzoka kwake, akanyora mabhuku maviri panguva imwechete: "Cossacks muAfrica: Diary yeMukuru weConvoy yeRussia Imperial Mission muAbyssinia muna 1897 - 1898." uye "Rudo rweAbhisssini neZvamwe Nhau."

Achidzoka kubva kuAfrica, akaroora Lydia Fyodorovna Gruneisen, mwanasikana weRussified real state councilor.

Basa mubasa rekutanga reRussia

Mukuwedzera pakurongedza kubatanidzwa mukurwisana, Krasnov Peter Nikolaevich, ane nhoroondo pfupi yezvinyorwa yakataurwa pano, ave achiita kakawanda semunyori wehondo. Mune simba iri, akabatanidzwa mumhirizhonga yeItatuan muChina, inozivikanwa zvikuru seBosterer Uprising, iyo yakaitika kubva muna 1898 kusvika muna 1901. Panguva imwe chete akatumirwa kuManchuria, India, China neJapan kuti adzidze humwe hupenyu hwehupenyu hwavo.

Akanyora zvakare zviitiko zveRussia-Japanese kupikisana kwe 1904-1905. Somunhu weuto, akapiwa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana: Mutemo weSt. Anne wechina yechina uye St. Vladimir wechina. Mutsara weMambo Nicholas II pane nhoroondo pamusoro pake musi waJanuary 3, 1905, apo mukuru wehurumende anorondedzera kuti anotaura sei nezvehondo uye anotaura nezvazvo. Akashanda nemagazini "Vasingazivi vehondo", "Scout" nevamwe.

Mushure memugumo wehondo, akakurumidza kukura mubasa. Muna 1906 akagamuchira zita remukuru wezana reAtaman regiments, gore rakatevera - mutungamiri, gare gare - mukuru wemauto-mukuru. Muna 1910 akagamuchira nzvimbo yeColonel. Gore rakatevera akazogadzwa kuraira wekutanga weSiberia, uyezve Don Cossack regiment.

Mukufananidza, basa rake rekunyora rakanga richikura zvikuru. Nokudaro, achitevera migumisiro yehondo yeJapan, akabudisa nhoroondo yekare "The Year of War. 14 mwedzi muhondo: Mitsara paRussia-Japanese War "uye mamwe anoshanda nenzira imwechete yekuda mabhuku. Mukuwedzera, anonyora uye zvinhu zvekugadzira. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti pamberi peOctober Revolution iye akabudisa mabasa anopfuura 600 akasiyana-siyana, zvose zvinoshambadzira, uye unyanzvi uye nhoroondo.

Hondo Yenyika Yenyika Yekutanga uye Revolution

Pakutanga kwehondo, semukuru wehurumende, akatumirwa muna August 1914 kuenda East Prussia. Uye mushure memwedzi mitatu, akakurudzirwa kunzvimbo yevakuru vakuru uye akaisa musoro weChishanu Brigade yeDon Cossack, iyo yeCaucasian yakatasva mabhiza. Ipapo akapiwa chikombo cheSt. George's. MunaMay 1915, akapiwa Mutemo weSt. George wechitanhatu chemauto ekubudirira kwemauto munharaunda yeDniester River, apo vakakwanisa kukanda vaAustria mhiri korwizi. Muna 1916 akakuvara zvikuru.

Kuteerera nguva yose kusvikira kutanga kweFebruary gore ra1917 pakatarisana nehondo, mukuru weCossack, Gavhuna Krasnov Pyotr Nikolaevich akazoita kune wekutanga kupikisa zvinyoronyoro uye zvakashata zvakaitwa nezviito zveHurumende inoshandiswa. Haana kupinda mune zvematongerwe enyika. Zvisinei, akanga ari mumwe wevashomanana vakatsigira Alexander Kerensky mushure mekutora Bolshevik. Achinge apinda mumaoko emaBolshevik, akatizira kuDon, uko akatungamirira kushorwa kweCossacks. Zvaakanga ari weAll-Great Donskoi Army, akagumisa kubatana naMambo weGermany Wilhelm II. Zvisinei, kukundwa kweGermany kumumanikidza kuti asiye pfungwa yeDon Caucasus. Akabvuma kuendesa kune zvakakwana kuendesa Anton Denikin, achibatana neVa Volunteer Army. Muna 1919, Denikin akamanikidzwa Krasnov kusiya basa nekuda kwemagariro uye zvematongerwe enyika.

Achiziva kuti muRussia akanga asati atora chinhu, akabva kuRussia ndokumira muEstonia muNorth-Western yeGeneral Nikolai Yudenich. Akava mukuru wepepanhau rehondo Prinevsky Krai. Mhariri waro wainzi mukurumbira weRussia Alexander Kuprin.

Emigration

Muna 1920 akatamira kuGermany, makore matatu gare gare akatamira kuFrance. Mune makore iwayo, kubuda kwekutanga kwekuenda kune imwe nyika kwakanga kuri kuitika. Mumakwikwi akasiyana, nekuda kwehuwandu hwevatungamiri vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, iye ainzi "White Russia", Krasnov Pyotr Nikolaevich akatanga kushanda mune zvematongerwe enyika uye zvevanhu. Akabatana nemasangano akasiyana-siyana akaenzana nevakasimuka veRussia, kusanganisira Russian All-Military Union. Mukuwedzera, akanga ari nhengo ye Supreme Monarchist Council. Iye, kunyanya, akaita seumwe wevatangi ve "Hamahood yeRussia Truth." Ichi chikwata chaitungamirira basa rinopesana nehupfumi muSoviet Russia. Zvisinei, gare gare yakabuda kuti chivako chakanga chave chichitungamirirwa neNyika Political Department (GPU) ye NKVD.

Mumwe wevatungamiri vechechi chena ainzi Krasnov Pyotr Nikolayevich, mabhuku ake aive akakurumbira uye akabudiswa muChirungu, French, German, Russian uye nedzimwe mitauro yeEurope. Kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri ehupenyu hwake mukutapwa, akabudisa mabhuku makumi mana. Pakati pavo munhu anogona kusiyanisa zvikuru nhoroondo inofadza pamusoro peRussia Bolshevik mune ramangwana "For The Thistle." Mukuwedzera, akabudisa nhoroondo yezvinyorwa zvoupenyu mumativi mana ane musoro unoti "Kubva kuEagle-Headed Eagle kuBlack Banner."

Hondo Yenyika II

Tora kutsiva paaman Peter Krasnov akasarudza panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri uye akabatana nevaNazi. Muna 1943 akagadzwa mukuru weCentral Directorate yeCospack mauto muGermany. Pakupera kwehondo, akazvipira kuvaBritish, asi vakapa kuSoviet hutungamiri hwehondo. Dare Repamusorosoro reSoviet Russia rakamutongera kuti afe nokunyangarika. Aive nemakore makumi manomwe nemakore.