Sei Khrushchev akapa Crimea kuUkraine? Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvekupinda muCrimea kuenda kuUkraine?

Sei Khrushchev akapa Crimea? Vanhu vazhinji vanobvunza mubvunzo uyu nhasi. Nezvezviitiko zvemwedzi ichangopfuura, nhema pamusoro penharaunda yeCrimea zvakare yakauya uye yakatanga kutarisa munzvimbo yekuziva. Nhoroondo ye "chipo choumambo" yaNikita Khrushchev inonyanya kushanda. Iti, akapa murume wake (uye naizvozvo risingabvumirwi nemutemo) chisarudzo chekunze kweUkraine. Uye kubvira panguva iyo dzimba dzehurumende dzehurumende dzakanga dzakangofananidzira mumvura ine simba yeUSSR, vanhu vakanga vakanyarara - zvose zvaive zvakajairika, Soviet one. Kune avo vanofarira chokwadi chezvakaitika kare, panzvimbo yezvinyorwa zvezvematongerwo enyika, chinangwa checho chikonzero chekururamisira kwekupinda kwezvokupinda kweRussia muRussia, kuongororwa kwezvinyorwa zvakaitwa. Ngationei kuti sei Khrushchev akapa Crimea kuUkraine, zvisinei kuti "akaipa" iyo, uye kana iyi "yepo" yaifadza.

Ichokwadi chekudzorerazve nyika dzekugadzirisa republica muU.SR

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare veRussia vanowanzoidza kudhindwa kweCrimea kuenda kuUkraine chisati chaitika kare. Iti, Khrushchev akashivirira nyika iyi, uye akashandisa chiitiko cheRa Pereaaslav kunyika inodiwa kuti "ikure nenyika." Kutaura zvazviri, chiito chekuendesa peninsula kubva kuRFSSR kuenda kuUkraine SSR chakanga chisina chinangwa. Chisarudzo chakanga chichitarisirwa nemafungiro ehupfumi, hupfumi. Uye kutama kwakadaro kwakanga kusiri kwega chete. Saka, muna 1924 ruwa rweTaganrog rweDonetsk rwakaendeswa kuRussia. Gare gare yakava ruwa rweRostov. Asi huwandu hwevanhu vanogara munharaunda iyi, kunyanya avo vanogara mumaruwa, vanhu vemadzinza eUkraine. Asi kudzokera kuhedheni yedu. Sei Khrushchev akapa Crimea kuUkraine? Haisi chikamu chenyika, iyo yose-Union health resort ... Asi yakange yakadaro muna 1954 here?

Nhema 1: KHRUSHCHOV yakapa Crimea neUkraine

Mumakore ekuma1990, pakarepo mushure mekuparadzwa kweSoviet Union, hurukuro yakatanga pamusoro penyaya iyi. Vamwe vezvematongerwe enyika veRussia vakagadzira "mubvunzo weCrimea" pagomo. Vakawana mukwambo waKhushchev, Alexei Adzhubei, uye vakamuraira iye, mutapi wenyanzvi, nyaya yakabva pane zvaanoyeuka zvezviitiko izvozvo. Akaita urongwa. Asi chinyorwa pasi pemusoro unoti "Sei uye nei Khrushchev Crimea yakapa Ukraine. Mhemberero pane imwe hurukuro yakanzi "yaiva yebathokiti yebasa rezvematongerwe enyika teknolojia. Maererano nomunyori wenhau, muna 1954 vatezvara vake paSoviet chigaro chakanga chakanyanyisa. Akanga ari, zvechokwadi, Munyori wekutanga weCPSU Central Committee, asi "Starin" ve "Starin" -Malenkov, Molotov, Kaganovich, Voroshilov, uye Bulganin-vakaramba vachiita zvinhu zvose munyika. Kuita zvisarudzo zvakakomba, uye kunyange izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kumhosva dzekunzwira tsitsi nyika dzevanhu vashoma pamutengo we "mukuru mukuru mukoma", zvinenge zvichinyanya kuonekwa pane Nikita Sergeyevich.

Nhema 2: Khrushchev Anotanga Crimea kuUkraine

Ngatiedzei kubereka zviitiko zve nguva iyoyo. Crimea, kufanana nedzimwe dzaimbova pasi peNazi kutora nyika, yakatambura zvikuru munguva yehondo. Asi iyo yakaipisisa yakave kurasikirwa kwevanhu. Vagari vomunharaunda yacho vakanga vasara, uye muna 1944 kwaiva 780 000 vanhu. Panzvimbo pokugadzirisa dambudziko racho nevashandi, hutungamiri hweSoviet hwakatanga "kuchenesa rudzi." Mazana makumi mashanu maGermany aigara muchechi kubvira panguva yaCatherine II, akadzingwa mumazuva ekutanga ehondo. Uye mushure mokunge yapera, nguva yavo yakazodzokororwa ne 250 000 Crimean Tatars, avo vaipomerwa ne "kuwirirana nevashori". Vose pamwe chete navo vakadzingwa uye madzinza eBulgaria, maGiriki, Armenian uye Czech. Somugumisiro wehutano hwakadaro, hupfumi hwepeninsula hwakanyarara zvachose. Kukurudzira kunyange kusvika kuhuwandu hwezviratidzo zvepamberi yehondo, hurumende yakarayira zviremera zveUkraine SSR kuti ipe peninsula nemvura nemvura. Vakanga vashoma kwazvo ipapo.

Nhema 3: VaUkraine vakauya kune zvose vakagadzirira

Hurumende yeSoviet yakasarudza kuzadza nyika yakadzingwa nevashambadzi veRussia, avo vainyanya kutorwa kubva kumaodzanyemba. Vakawanda vavo vakatanga kugara mumisha yevatatari vakatapwa uye vakagamuchira "nhaka" yenyika yavo yose. Pano pano varimi vanobva munzvimbo yeVolga uye muruwa rweArkhangelsk vakaona muzambiringa, fodya, ethereal-mafutaseeds kwekutanga pahupenyu hwavo. Mbatata uye kabichi hazvina kusimuka zvakanaka mumamiriro ekunze eCrimania. Somugumisiro wemakore gumi "kutarisira", hupfumi hwepeninsula hauna kuchinja kuti huve nani. Zvose rebazi rekurima rakanyangarika zvachose semakwai ekuberekwa. Miti yeminda yemizambiringa yakaderedzwa ne makumi manomwe kubva muzana, uye zvibereko zvemichero zvakange zvakaderera kupfuura zvezvikara zvinokura. Ndicho chikonzero Khrushchev akapa Crima kuUkraine - varimi vanobatana kubva kuUkraine SSR vaiwanzoita kukura mamirivhi nemichero ekumaodzanyemba, uye mamiriro ekunze eKherson neOdessa akaparadzanisa zvishoma kubva kumafambi eZhanhan kana veSimferopol.

Prehistory

Uye zvakadaro, Nikita Sergeevich akaita basa mukuti muna 1954 chimwe chiitiko chakaitika chakaitika - kuwedzerwa kweCrimea kuenda kuUkraine. Khrushchev akauya kudunhu rakapera mwedzi mitanhatu isati yasvika, akatungamirirwa nepfungwa yekudyara nyika yeSoviet Union nezvibage. Akanga ari pamwe nemukwambo wake Alexei Adzhubey. Anoyeuka kuti: "Boka revarimi vakaungana rakakomba Nikita Sergeyevich. Sezvo musangano wacho waiva webhizimisi, uye kwete yezvinyorwa, hurukuro yacho yakanga iri pachena. Vafudzi vakanyunyuta kuti mbatata haina kukura imomo, iyo kabichi yakasvava, mamiriro ezvinhu asingatauriki. "Takanyengerwa," yakanzwika kakawanda kubva kuvanhu vazhinji. Manheru iwayo Khrushchev akaenda kuKiev. Pamusangano paMariinsky Palace, akakurudzira hutungamiri hwekuUkraine kuti vabatsire vanhu vanotambura vepeninsula. "Mhepo dzemuAfrica dzinodiwa ikoko dzinoda minda, chibage, uye kwete mbatata," akadaro.

Nhema 4: Kuberekwa kwechibvumirano che "chipo"

Vamwe vanyori venhoroondo dzisinganyengeri vanotaura kuti kuendeswa kweCrimea kuenda kuUkraine Khrushchev chaiva chipo chiri nyore panguva yechiitiko chemakore 300 chePeryaslav Rada. Ndosaka chiito chakadaro chokuparadzanisa peninsula kubva kunyika dzeRussia isiri mvumo. Nokudaro, ikozvino kuwanikwa kweCrimea kuenda kuRussia ndiko kudzorerwa kwehutongi hwekare. Asi ndizvo zvakadaro? Ngatitevere zviitiko. MunaSeptember 1953, Plenum weCentral Committee yeCPSU yakanga iri kusangana. Musoro mukuru ndeyekurima zvekurima. Mutungamiriri wePremidium yeCentral Committee uye Chairman weChristian Council panguva iyoyo aiva GM Malenkov. Yaiva pamusangano uyu kuti sarudzo yakagadzirirwa kutamisa peninsula yeUkraine SSR, sezvo hupfumi hweCrimea hwakanga hwakatonganiswa zvakakwana muchiUkraine. Mwedzi nehafu gare gare, pakupera kwaOctober 1953, Crimea Regional Committee yakagadzirisa chisarudzo cheCentral Committee. Akaita "danho rinoenderana" kubva pasi. Mukati yechando rose ra1963-1954. Basa rakanyanyisa remashoko rakaitwa. Sezvo pasina chinhu chakaitwa muUnited States pasina chinangwa chechikonzero, zvakasarudzwa kupedza nguva yekuendeswa kwepeninsula kubva kune imwe hanzvadzi republic of another kusvika musi wekuyeuka kwekubatanidzwa kwevanhu veUkraine neRussia. Mushure memuganhu we "Mubvunzo weCrimea" mumitemo yose yemitemo, musi waFebruary 19, 1954, chiitiko ichi chakaitika chakauya. Mutungamiri we Supreme Soviet weU.SR yakabvumirana pamwe chete mutemo wekutumira nzvimbo kubva kuRussia kusvika kuUkraine Union Republic. Pakupedzisira, chisarudzo ichi chakasimbiswa muna April 1954 chete. Nokudaro, chirevo chokuti Khrushchev akapa Crimea kuUkraine haisi yepamusoro uye chakaitika chisina kururama.

Migumisiro yekutsvaga

Kubvira gore ra1964, vatorwa vanobva kuUkraine - Kiev, Chernigov uye nechekumaodzanyemba - vauya ku peninsula. Zvigumisiro zvaive zvatoonekwa zvino kwemakore mashanu. Nharaunda yakavakwa kuti ishandure mvura kubva kuDnieper. Iyi nzira yekudiridza yakabvumira kuti zvekurimwa kwepeninsula kuunzwe kune zvakanaka. IUkraine SSR yakabata nzira yakareba kupfuura yakareba yeTrolleybus, yakavakwa zvakare Sevastopol yakaparadzwa munguva yehondo, yakasimudza hupfumi hweCrima. Izvi zvinozivikanwawo nemapepanhau eSoviet panguva iyoyo - zvakakwana kutarisa kuburikidza nemafuta akare. Nokudaro, mubvunzo wekuti sei Khrushchev akapa Crima kuUkraine inongova zvezvematongerwo enyika. Nhoroondo inopindura zvishoma zvishoma kusiyana neterevhizheni yemazuva ano.