Chikamu cheYekaterinburg: history

Kubva panguva yakapfuura kwakange kune tsika yakadaro iyo panguva imwe chete nenheyo yeguta, zvaive zvakakodzera kuisa nzvimbo yacho munzvimbo. Mutemo uyu wakaendeswa kumaguta makuru uye maduku. Nharaunda yeEkaterinburg haisati yambove yakasiyana.

Meaning

Mushure mezvose, nzvimbo inowanikwa muhupenyu hwevagari veguta yakaita basa rinokosha. Iyi haisi kungoita bhizimusi. Iyo yakagara yakagara iyo nzvimbo yezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakadai sekutonga uye sangano repairs. Mune nguva yekushaikwa kwevhidhiyo, vanhu vemunharaunda vakauya pano kuzodzidza nyaya dzekupedzisira, hurumende yehurumende yakatanga kuzivisa zviri pamutemo.

Nzvimbo huru yeYekaterinburg ine zita rokuti "Square ye 1905" haisi iyo. Asi mumiromo yevagari vemo, zvinonzwika se "square".

Nhoroondo: The Beginning

Zvose zvinotambudza zvakaitika munhoroondo yeRussia, kune imwe nzvimbo, zvakakonzera kushandurwa kwekwere.

Pamusana pekuti pakutanga nyika iyi yaishandiswa zvikuru semuzinda mukuru, ndeyekuti vanhu vanogara yeYekaterinburg, yaiva nzvimbo yekutengesa. Iri zita raivepo kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rechi18. Chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo yeguta chakakonzera kugadzirisa zvakare.

Imba yakare yeChechi yeCatherine yakaparadzwa uye kereke yeEpiphany yakagadzirwa. Kubvira zvino zvichienda mberi, chikwere chakava cheChechi yeChechi. Inenge chikamu chechina chezana remakore chakapfuura, uye pedyo nayo ibwe rechechi yeBogoyavlensky rakaiswa. Kubva pamakumi matatu nemakumi matatu ezana remakore rechi19 iyo ichechi yekereke. Ichi chiitiko chaiva chiitiko chekugadzirisazve zita idzva. Vatengesi vakakurumbira - Shabalin, Saveliev, Korobkov - vakawana dzimba dzakapfuma pedyo nenzvimbo. Mumakore makumi mashanu ezana remakore rechi19 gymnasium yakagadzirirwa vamiririri vehutano hwakasimba. Yekaterinburg yakashandurwa pamwe chete nenhoroondo yeguta racho.

Nhoroondo yekona muna 1902

Nokufamba kwenguva, Gostiny Dvor yekare akaonekwa munzvimbo yayo yekumaodzanyemba, uye nzvimbo yacho pachayo yakawana kutaridzika kweEurope yakabudirira - yakapoteredzwa nemakona, apo vanhu vomuguta nevashanyi vachigona kuenda nhasi.

Uye muna 1902 zvakasuruvara nokuda kweGostiny Dvor - paiva nemoto munharaunda yawo. Asi, sezvinotaura chirevo chekuRussia, hapana chakaonda kunze kwekanaka. Nzvimbo yakasara yakanga isati yatanga kudzorerwa, asi New Gostiny Dvor yakavakwa, asi kakatova maviri-yakaiswa.

Nzvimbo yemagungano

Kubudirira kwekutanga muRussia muna 1905 hakuna kukanganwa Yekaterinburg, kana kuti panzvimbo iyo, nzvimbo yaro.

Anenge makore gumi nematanhatu - kubva muna 1906 kusvika muna 1917 kuchinja - kwete kure neKathedral kwakanga kune chivako kuna Emperor-Liberator Alexander II. Icho chikonzero chokuti iyi tsar yakabvisa nyoka inonyadzisa yakanga isingakoshemekedzwi nemauto evanhu vanochinja. Akatambura kuguma kwezviyeuchidzo zvose zvaienderana ne tsarism.

Muna Mbudzi 1917, nzvimbo yeguta reYekaterinburg yaiva nzvimbo yekutambira mukutsigira kweFebruary Revolution, uye zvishoma kudarika mwedzi gare gare - Chiratidziro cheMay.

Kuchinja shure kweFebruary Revolution ye1917

Nokuda kwekutsika, iyo yakasara mushure mokuparadzwa kwegore muna 1917 kwechivako chaAlexandro II, kwenguva yakareba yaisagona kuwana chero kushanda. Anenge makore maviri - kubva muna 1918 kusvika muna 1920 - yakanga iri chifananidzo cheRuberty, saka mushambadzi weKarl Marx wakamira kwemwedzi miviri kana mitatu muna 1920, mushure mokunge muna May 1920 chivakwa chikavakwa pachitsika chechiratidzo chinonzi "Emancipation of Labor". S.D. Erzya akashanda pane zvakavezwa. Asi kuratidzwa kwakaitika makore matanhatu gare gare. Maererano nechirongwa chemuvezi, chiratidzo chebasa rakabudiswa raive kuva munhu asina kupfeka, akaputirwa mumaketani, aakaedza kubvarura. Sezviri pachena, havasi vagari vose vaifarira pfungwa iyi. Nzvimbo yeYekaterinburg yakatsvaga kupfekedza dzimwe dzimba.

Icho chirevo munharaunda iyi neyezvigadziko uye marble pedestal yakaiswa muna 1930 - kuvakwa kwakabviswa zvachose. Izvo zvakaitikawo zvinosuruvarisa zvakawira Cathedral Epiphany Cathedral, nokuti izvo zvaaifunga kuti zvakanga zvakasiyana nemafungiro eMarxism-Leninism. Ukuru hwekereke inopupurirwa nemashoko anotevera: kureba, kusanganisira mhepo - mamita 66; Nhamba yepamusoro yevaparidzi, iyo yakagadzirisa nzvimbo - 4,5 mamiriyoni. Iko pfungwa yekudzorera kereke yezvakaitika kare haina kurasikirwa nesimba rayo ikozvino.

Panzvimbo yezvivako zvakakoromorwa pamwe nekuvakwa kwechechi yepamusoro muna 1930, mutungamiri mukuru wegranite yakavakwa. Munguva yemitambo yemitambo yakagadzirirwa kubudirira kwekuvandudzwa uye simba reSoviet, vatungamiri venyika vakamira pairi vakaona zvikamu zvevashandi nemauto ehondo. Muna 1957, nzvimbo yeguta reYekaterinburg yakanga yakashongedzwa nechitubu chemutungamiri wehurumende, VI Lenin.

Zita remazuva ano

Zvisinei, nguva yekupera kwema20 uye kutanga kwema30 yakaratidzwa kwete chete nekuparadzwa kwezvivako zveushe hweRussia hwakanga hwawa panguva yezhizha. Zviratidzo zviviri zvakaonekwa, zvitatu zvakare zvakapedzerwa pane zvekare zviripo pasi peNew Gostiny Dvor. Kubva muna 1947 kusvika muna 1954, kuedza kwemuumbi weG.A. Chivako cheGolubev chakashandurwa zvakanyanya, kusanganisira kukwirira kukuru kwechivako; Iyo shongwe dzakavakwa nemhepo yakasvibiswa pamusoro penzvimbo, kubva mukati mehondo ye chimes yakanzwika; Pamusoro pedenga redu pamativi ekuyerera kwegypsum takarongwa .

Ndinotenda kuchiteshi chemasitraiti ane zita rimwechete rokuti Square Square (Ekaterinburg) yakavakwa muna 1994, kushanyira kunzvimbo yakawanda kwakanyatsogadzikana. Mukurangarira zviitiko zvekuvandudzwa kwe 1905, zita remazuva ano rakabata. Yekaterinburg iri kukura gore negore. Iyo kamera ("Area 1905" nerubatsiro rwayo inogona kuonekwa kubva kumakona ese enyika uye kwete chete) inobatsira kudzivirira kusagadzikana uye zviitiko zvisingafadzi.