Upenyu Panyika ari Cretaceous nguva

Cretaceous kumwedzi ndicho yaitonga, rokupedzisira Mesozoic yaitonga. Iye akatsiviwa nokuda Jurassic, maererano Masvomhu pakati Vanodzidza, makore panenge mamiriyoni 145 akapfuura uye kwemakore anenge mamiriyoni makumi masere, pashure izvo pakutanga Tertiary kumwedzi yakasiyana, iyo Cenozoic, paraiitwa - ". Nenguva upenyu hutsva" Zita iri mudariro nani refu okukura Nyika akagamuchira maererano chokwadi raakabva isu nhaka simba choko deposits pakati marl uye jecha. Kunyange mumakore aya makore mamiriyoni makumi masere Pasi haana kuitika chero njodzi pamusoro yemapuraneti scale, uye naizvozvo, kutsakatika vakawanda chirimwa uye mhuka duku, asi kufamba tectonic ndiro, kuchinja pose wegungwa uye mamiriro shanduko akaita yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita mubishi yemhindumupindu zvipenyu .

Cretaceous kuva dziya mu Sub-zvikamu: rezasi uye yokumusoro nesuko. Kuti tinzwisise kuti upenyu hwakavapo nokushanduka-shanduka mumakungwa, panyika uye mhepo iri nguva, unofanira zvishoma munguva ndima, sezvo Jurassic Danho tectonic orogenic kwendangariro. In rezasi cretaceous nguva Gondwana uye Laurasia akaramba kuenda kure nomumwe. chete muitiro chaizvo chakaitika pamwe Africa uye South America. Nokudaro, Atlantic Ocean ari kuramba zvaizivikanwa kwatiri zvino ataure. Asi kumabvazuva Gondwana izvozvo akabatanidzwa Laurasia. Australia aiva kupi anogara, uye ikozvino, asi mvura ndokumuka chete chetatu munharaunda varipo.

Upper Cretaceous kunoratidzwa chokuti iri kuchamhembe hemisphere gungwa mumatunhu akatanga kumuka, uye nzvimbo yakakura Eastern Europe, Western Siberia, rose Arabia, uye vanenge vose Canada ano dzaiva pasi mvura. Zvisinei, pakazopera wenyika Cretaceous nguva Nyika yakatanga zvifanane ayo chimiro ano yose.

Mugore Cretaceous nguva rakachinjwa uye okunze. Iye, Chokwadi, akanga inodziya zvikuru kupfuura ano. Space nhasi Europe akazadza dzinopisa musango. Zvisinei, panguva yakakwirira latitudes kunge alternated nemwaka, uye chando rakanaya chando. Kwakadaro kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze chamuita kuti chokwadi kuti, pamwe spore uye gymnosperms yakaonekwa zakrytosemennye zvinomera. Miti akadaro Beech, Birch, dota, walnuts, akazviratidza Nguva Cretaceous, rakapona kusvikira nhasi pasina chero kuchinja. Land akawana yokutanga maruva miti - kutanga magnolia, ipapo akasimuka. In maruva yakanga mukana kuti mukume yavo yakatakurwa kwete chete mhepo, asiwo zvipembenene. Fruit miti, vachiisa mbeu muchero kupararira Via mhuka anodya muchero. Saka, zvibereko uye maruva miti zvikazara yose nyika.

Zvakachinja nemiti iri Cretaceous nguva kwakakonzera kwaita itsva mhando fauna of. Mudenga Steel flit shavishavi wokutanga uye kubhururuka nenyuchi kupa dakunanzva maruva. Gungwa anouya kwaizoita foraminifera, akafa uye anopararira goko randakapiwa zita zvose izvi Geological nguva. Pamwe navo pane dzimwe mollusks, vaAmoni. Hove umambo hunodzorwa Sharks uye nehove mhou. Mhuka Mesozoic yaitonga - kupfuura zvose, zviri dinosaurs uye mangwanani mhuka - norugare "vakatama" kubva Jurassic kusvika Cretaceous. Asi pamusoro choko wandei vakafa-kuguma nebazi birdlike dinosaurs kufa kunze, akadai archeopteryx. Asi pane shiri - madzitateguru ano shiri, plovers, duck uye loons.

The Mesozoic Era (Jurassic nguva zvikurukuru), maererano yakakurumbira firimu, inonziwo yaitonga ari dinosaurs. Kazhinji, mutemo dinosaurs yekare vakachengetedzwa muna nesuko. Asi pamusoro okupedzisira nguva, Stegosaurus haazombotaurwi kubva pachiso chenyika, uye ake niche pakati Tyrannosaurus. Rich kasvisto vakabatsira kuti chidzoke pakubhadhara itsva iri herbivorous dinosaurs: Triceratops, Iguanodon ankylosaur uye nevamwe. Tinogona kutaura kuti vari Cretaceous munguva dainoso marudzi kusiyana kwakanyanyisa. Uye panguva ino, achihwanda pavarefu vari burrows that dzavo, vakararama uye ramangwana vatongi Earth - mhuka. mhuka idzi, sezvinoita makonzo Kashoma kusvika mita rimwe pakureba, vakawanda mhando vakanga maduku egglayers, marsupials mhuka testaceous kana chiduku, rairema kusvika 500 g. Asi shure kwavo kwaiva remangwana.