The masayendisiti akakurumbira kupfuura zvenyika uye Russia. Ndiani yakakurumbira musayendisiti munyika?

Biography Musayendisiti ose kunyatsonzwisisa nzira yake kuita zvikuru uye kutarisa zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinhu. Kuti pfungwa nenzira sayenzi kuita, zvakakosha kudzidza zvakadzama kanenge imwe nyaya mashoma nemifananidzo kutungamirirwa.

Rinonyatsooneka nenhamba

In mumwe nomumwe munzvimbo yaunofanira kuteerera masayendisiti inokosha. Saka, chiremba yakanakisisa British aiva Fleming. Anokosha vakatanga Russia - Popov. Leonardo da Vinci, somunhu wechokwadi Renaissance murume, akaratidza siyana matarenda. Pascal, Tesla nevamwe - yakanakisisa mathematicians uye yefizikisi, vane zvipo kuonekwa muupenyu ano. Mumwe wavo - yakakurumbira musayendisiti? Munhu wose akafanirwa ngwariro zvakaenzana.

Alexander Fleming

The ramangwana vakatanga kuti penicillin akazvarirwa August 1881 mune duku wokuScotland taundi Lochfilde. Kugamuchira dzidzo yechipiri, akaenda kuLondon uye akava mudzidzi panguva Royal Polytechnic Institute. On mazano nenyanzvi yefizikisi uye mukoma wake Toma Aleksandr akasarudza kuita sayenzi, uye muna 1903 akapinda kushanda muchipatara St. Mary uye vakatanga tsika pakuvhiya. Pashure pehondo, kwaakanga aona nzufu dzakawanda, Fleming akasarudza kuwana mushonga kuti aizokwanisa kukurira zvirwere. Masayendisiti Famous British zvakashanda panyaya, asi hapana akakwanisa kuwana zvinokosha zvabuda. Chinhu bedzi yave yagadzirwa - akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona, chete akaderedza kudzivirira mashandiro muviri. Fleming akaratidza kuti kurapwa ichi hachisi akakodzera mishonga maronda akadzika. By 1928 akatanga kudzidza staph utachiona kubva mhuri. Rimwe zuva, Ndadzoka kubva kuzororo, Fleming akaziva patafura fungal dzaidzorwa kuti akarova tusingaoneki dzinokuvadza. The musayendisiti akasarudza kukura chakuvhuvhu wakachena chimiro uye kure naye penicillin. Kusvikira forties iye vakwana chimiro chake uye zvangova firimu pamwero mukuru uye akaitwa muzvipatara. Muna 1944, pamwe chete wandaiziva Flory vakagamuchira knighthood. Mazita masayendisiti yakakurumbira vakauya Nobel Committee, uye muna 1945 vakagamuchira mubayiro munyika zvokurapa. The Royal College of Physicians Fleming akaita honorary nhengo. Havasi vose anozivikanwa masayendisiti British anogona pamusoro kubudirira zvakadaro. Fleming - chinoshamisa tarenda uye murume chakafanira panotaurwa chero mazita akanakisisa vanachiremba munyika.

Gregor Mendel

Masayendisiti akawanda anozivikanwa vasina dzidzo kwazvo. Somuenzaniso, Gregor Mendel akaberekwa muna July 1882 mumhuri nyore kuvanhuwo zvavo uye vakadzidziswa panguva Theological Institute. All kwavo zvakadzama ruzivo pamusoro zvipenyu kwayo awana vayo. Nokukurumidza akatanga kudzidzisa, uye ipapo akaenda University of Vienna, apo akatanga kuita remasanganiswa zvirimwa. With kuedza akawanda pizi akapa dzidziso mitemo nhaka. Mazita masayendisiti akakurumbira kazhinji vakakanganisa dzavo zvigadzirwa, uye Mendel ndozvakaitikawo. Gregor haafariri mabasa vomuzuva rake, akasiya basa rake murabhoritari uye akazova abbot pakati wemamongi. The echimurenga hunhu hwake zvakawanwa uye avo zvakadzama zvinoreva akava pachena chete zvinhu zvipenyu pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, pashure pokufa Gregor Mendel. Famous Russian uye nyika masayendisiti vanoshandisa dzidziso ake zvino. zvinotaurwa Mendel kunoita kudzidza panguva inokosha pamwero muzvikoro.

Leonardo da Vinci

Shoma anozivikanwa masayendisiti sezvo yakakurumbira sezvo Leonardo. Akanga asiri chete chinoshamisa yefizikisi, asiwo musiki, mifananidzo yake uye zvivezwa ruchiri kukangaidza vanhu pasi rose, uye upenyu hwake chaizvo unotikurudzira kuti mabasa: nayo - zvechokwadi zvinofadza uye asinganzwisisiki munhu. Mukuru mufananidzo pamusoro Renaissance akaberekwa muna April 1452. Kubvira pauduku, Leonardo aifarira painting, mapurani uye chivezwa. Rakanga kusiyaniswa anoyevedza ruzivo zvepanyama sayenzi, wefizikisi uye masvomhu. Vakawanda mabasa ake kunge kungoonekwa chete ari remakore, uye vakararama vasingawanzotauri hanya navo. Leonardo Aifarira pfungwa ndege, asi kushandura mabasa akatadza chirongwa. Uyezve, iye akadzidza zvakawanda mitemo Urume uye hydraulics. Famous Masayendisiti Kashoma nomukurumbira uye sei vemifananidzo. Leonardo ari Artist chikuru, munyori akakurumbira "Mona Lisa" uye mifananidzo "The Kwokupedzisira." Akagara pashure pake uye vakawanda manyoro. Masayendisiti akawanda vatorwa uye akakurumbira Russian vachiri kushandisa uchishandisa nguva da Vinci akasika kusvikira 1519 apo akafa apo muFrance.

Blez Paskal

The musayendisiti French akaberekwa muna June 1623 muna Clermont-Ferrand, ari mutongi kumhuri. baba Pascal vake aizivikanwa rudo rwake nesayenzi. Muna 1631 mhuri yakatamira Paris, apo Blaise akanyora bepa yake yokutanga pamusoro ruzha vibrating miviri - Zvino ava namakore 11 chete okuberekwa. Shoma anozivikanwa masayendisiti kubva Russia uye nyika anozvikudza tanga kubudirira zvakadaro! Blaise zvakashamisa vanhu vake kwemasvomhu nemano, akakwanisa kuratidza kuti vakaverenga pamakona ose netriangle akaenzana pamakona maviri zvakanaka. At 16, akanyora bhuku iri Hexagon nokudhindwa denderedzwa. On kwayo hwaro akazozivikanwa theorem no Pascal achatozadzisa kukudziridzwa. Muna 1642, Blaise kwakasimbiswa zvokuimba pakuverenga muchina aigona tiite kushanda Kuwedzera uye kubvisa. Zvisinei, kufanana nezvimwe masayendisiti akakurumbira uye Zvavakawana, Blaise yake "Pascaline" havana kuva anonyatsoziva kuzivikanwa pakati pevanhu venguva yake. To musi, kusiyana ake pamusoro dingindira kadambari michina zvinochengeterwa mudura yakanaka Mumamiziyamu muEurope. Mukuwedzera, mupiro zvikuru pamusoro Pascal zvesayenzi - Masvomhu ayo masayendisiti ano.

Alexander Popov

Masayendisiti akawanda akakurumbira Russian vakaita nokugadzirwa, iyo yava kushandiswa yose. matambudziko aya uye Alexander Popov, musiki redhiyo, uyo akazvarwa ari Ural mumusha mupristi mhuri. dzidzo First vakagamuchira akanga pachikoro yechitendero, achibva apinda chebhaibheri. Kuenda University of St. Petersburg, Popov akanga zvatiomera zvemari, saizvozvo zvakafanana pamwe zvidzidzo aifanira kushanda. Alexander akava kufarira wefizikisi uye akatanga kudzidzisa muna Kronstadt. Kubva 1901 akashanda ari purofesa Electrical Engineering Institute muSt Petersburg, uye vakazova kwayo Rector. The chikuru mubereko hwake hwakaramba zvigadzirwa uye kuedza. Akadzidza remagetsi mafungu. Muna 1895 iye akapa kuruzhinji redhiyo. Kubva 1897 aishanda ari nani zvayo. Popov vabatsiri Rybkin uye Utatu akasimbisa mukana kurishandisa kuitwa panguva kunzwa chiratidzo. Popov akaita yokupedzisira okunatsiridza, uye nokudaro kusika mudziyo, iyo zvino iri anenge ose musha.

Nikola Tesla

musayendisiti Izvi akaberekwa muAustria-Hungary. Kufanana Popov, Tesla aiva mwanakomana womupristi. Muna 1870 iye sekondari uye vanyoresa kukoreji, uko akafarirawo magetsi mapurani. Makore mashomanana aishanda somudzidzisi chesekondari, ipapo akaenda University of kuPrague. In zvakafanana, Nicola akashanda kambani neteregirafu, uye ipapo - Edison. All makore kurovedza akaedza wekuvamba chinhu electric motor kuti Anomhanyira rakatumbuka iyezvino. Akatamira US, apo akapedza inobudirira basa kuvandudza motokari, akasikwa Edison. Zvisinei, Tesla haana kugamuchira mari kubva, uye ipapo kurega uye akatanga rabhoritari hwake New York. Pakazosvika ramakumi remakore, Nikolai akanga atova patents akawanda - iye tega munhu kakawanda mita uye magetsi mita. Muna 1915 akanga nominated nokuda Nobel Prize. Handina kumborega kushanda uye akaita rakakura nesayenzi, akafa muna 1943 mushure mutsaona - Tesla kutsikwa nemotokari uye mbabvu akaputsika zvakatungamirira zvakaoma nemabayo.

Friedrich Schiller

Sezvo vose vanoziva, anozivikanwa masayendisiti anogona kuva kwete chete pasango sayenzi chaiwo. Muenzaniso wakanakisisa nokuda ichi ndicho Friedrich Schiller - wenhoroondo uye muzivi wakaita mugove munzvimbo dzavo zivo uye akaita nomupiro chaizvo kuti mabhuku nhaka. Akaberekerwa muna 1759 muna Hutsvene hweRoma, asi muna 1763 takatamira nemhuri yake Germany. Muna 1766 aiva Ludwigsburg, kwaakanga kudzidza kubva rorusununguko Medicine. Schiller akatanga kuita zvakawanda zvatinokanganisa, uye muna 1781 mumutambo wayo wekutanga akasunungurwa uye akagamuchira kuzivikanwa zvakadaro rakatevera gore kufanorongwa ari yemitambo. chidimbu ichi ichiri kunzi rokutanga uye kupfuura uspehnyh melodramas mu Europe. Muupenyu hwake hwose, Schiller vakashanda, kushandura mitambo nezvimwe mitauro, uye vakadzidzisa panguva mumayunivhesiti nhoroondo uye uzivi.

Abraham Maslow

Abraham Maslow - kunoratidza kuti chinozivikanwa masayendisiti havasi chete mathematicians uye yefizikisi. Pfungwa yake kuzvidzora actualization anoziva zvose. Maslow akaberekwa muna 1908 muNew York. Vabereki vake vakanga kubatwa uye anyadziswa munzira dzose naye, uye mavambo ake vechiJudha chaiva chikonzero antisemitsskih antics nevamwe vake. It yakatanga duku Abrahams uduku yakaoma, nokuti zvaakanga akavanda muraibhurari uye vakapedza mazuva ake mabhuku. Gare gare, akatanga zvishoma nezvishoma vakagara muupenyu - kutanga chikoro chesekondari, kuita siyana netsvimbo, uye ipapo pamukova rorusununguko Psychology, apo akagamuchira muna 1931 dhigirii tenzi wacho. Muna 1937, Maslow akava nhengo mano kukoreji kuBrooklyn, kwaaishanda kupfuura hwake. Kana hondo yakatanga, Maslow yakaratidza kukodzera basa, asi panguva imwe chete akadzidza zvakawanda kubva ichi chiitiko reropa - nayo kukanganiswa tsvakurudzo ake mumunda dzavanhu zvepfungwa. Muna 1943 Maslow yakatanga yake yakakurumbira dzidziso chido ari munhu, umo akati kuti mumwe munhu ane chepiramidhi zvinodiwa kuti zvinoda kugutsikana kuzvinzwira actualization. Muna 1954 akabudisa bhuku "Motivation uye Unhu", apo mukuru oudzame akatsanangura dzidziso yake uye kuikurukura.

Albert Einstein

Chero nhaurirano pamusoro dingindira "masayendisiti nomukurumbira uye Zvavakawana" wakakwana pasina kutaurwa Alberta Eynshteyna, iyo shasha yefizikisi ari pamukova kwakabva ano pamuviri sayenzi iyi. Einstein akaberekwa muGermany muna 1879, nguva dzose ave mukomana mwero uye kunyarara, haana kumira kunze zvichienzaniswa nevamwe vana. Yakanga chete kana kure nokuda Kant kutakurwa, Einstein akaziva tarenda rake nesayenzi. Izvi zvakamubatsira kuti abudirire chikoro chesekondari, uye ipapo Polytechnic pamusoro Zurich kuSwitzerland, apo Zvaaifamba. Tadzokera kukoreji, akatanga kunyora nyaya siyana uye mamwe mabasa, kuita tsvakurudzo. Zvechokwadi, pakupedzisira kwakatungamirira akatevedzana zvakawanwa kuti vanozivikanwa pasi pose - dzidziso relativity, ari photoelectric chaizvoizvo Brownian inofamba , uye zvichingodaro. Kwapera nguva, Einstein akatamira kuUnited States, vakagaramo kushanda pana Princeton uye akaisa chinangwa - kushanda rakabatana dzidziso pamusoro rinokweva-remagetsi munda.

Andre-Marie Ampere

Anozivikanwa masayendisiti munyika ivo vakashanda mune wefizikisi, hakugumiri ne Einstein. Somuenzaniso, Andre-Marie Ampere akaberekwa muna 1775 mu France. baba vake havana kuda mwanakomana wake akanga centralized, saka akadzidzisa pachake, uye akabatsira mubhuku rino. Ampere akanga chaizvoizvo ndakarerwa pamusoro mabasa Rousseau, izvo zvakakanganisa basa pashure ake. Mushure Revolution uye rufu Amper baba akawana uye anodzokera dzose. Anoramba kudzidzisa uye akava mudzidzisi wemasvomhu uye kemisitiri pane imwe zvikoro 1802. Zvisinei, panguva imwe chete, waanoitisa tsvakurudzo pamusoro yake yakakurumbira dzidziso mukana, nokuti iro ari Paris Academy uye akanyora rimwe mabasa ake kupfuura kuzivikanwa - ". The kwemasvomhu dzidziso mitambo" Muna 1809 Amps anogamuchira musoro purofesa, uye muna 1814 vakava nhengo Academy of Sciences. Pashure paizvozvo vakatama kutsvakurudza mune electrodynamics, uye muna 1826 akasika yake yakakurumbira zvikuru basa - ". Scientific gadzira pamusoro kwemasvomhu dzidziso electrodynamic mananara"