Hove mhou

Superclass mhou hove ndorwevaya boka vertebrates, uye zvinosanganisira makirasi maviri. Mumwe wavo chinomiririrwa hove ranzi-finned. Inoitwa mirairo zvinopfuura 30 uye 500 mhuri. Second - lopastoperye hove (lungfish uye crossopterygian).

hove mhou kurarama zvose Mvura Earth - mune wakawanda uye yakachena, kubva maviri matanda uye neequator. Ivo sehwakajairika mhenderekedzo, uye kupfuura dzisingambosvikiki pakadzika yamakungwa uye nyanza. Sezvinoitwa pfupa, uye kubva hove cartilaginous vane zvimbi, kuti aiwanzopiwa wokushanda maoko nemakumbo. Zvisinei, pfupa uye hove cartilaginous vane zvinokosha zvinhu. Chokutanga, hazvina chokuita marangwanda nomusoro ivo, nhengo idzi zvachose mafupa. Zvakangofanana, nechifukidzo hove idzi - chikero vakaumba mhou mahwendefa.

Mhou dakashwa Maberere hove (mbiri yavo shanu) dziri kumativi ose pharynx. Ivo vari muchimiro gills vachirembedza petals. Mhino - aiwanzopiwa wokushanda, munzeve ane migero semicircular (vatatu vavo). Sechivako nehove superclass ichi chinosiyanisa dakashwa mhango, akafukidza mhou Gill viomak. Swimbladder iri mukati mumuviri, mune aro okumusoro chikamu. Kunzwisisa shaya meno kuti vaumbe muromo. Kureba hove idzi dzinosiyana, kubvira 70 kusvika 500-700 masendimita ukuwo, avo uremu dzinosiyana kubva kilos shoma matani gumi.

hove mhou kuoneka makore anenge mamiriyoni 400. Apfuura. Zvishoma nezvishoma, sezvinotaurwa ichienzaniswa nedzimwe hove uye vertebrates vanogara panyika, vakanga kubudirira siyana mukurusa. Zvikurukuru, hove mhou vane chimiro muviri nowenyika imwe Avangard. Asi pane hove museve serin'i (saury, garfish, barracuda, Pike), bhendi-zvakaumbwa (vogmery, moray eels, tsepoly, mburwa) uye idenderedzwa (Kuzovkov, monkfish, puffers). A gungwa bhiza uye panguva dzose afanane pezvakaita wechesi knight. Zvimbi aiwanzopiwa wokushanda uye unpaired, zvinobatsira hove kuchinja muviri chinzvimbo. The chikuru muviri kufamba kwavo - ndiwo muswe. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe hove (somuenzaniso, mwedzi, pipefish, triggerfish) kuchinja nzvimbo nokuda undulations ari unpaired zvimbi. Mumusoro uye kumativi maviri muviri hove mhou vane inonzi lateral mutsetse - vasanonoka nhengo vakagadzirira pamwe mugero pore. Iye inoitika chete nemhuka kurarama mumvura. The lateral mutsetse kunovabatsira kunzwisisa simba uye mirayiridzo kuyerera. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, kunyange vakapofumadzwa hove anokwanisa kudzivisa zvipingamupinyi ukabata nezvavakatapa.

The musana ndiye anenge ose nhengo superclass iri mavara zvasviba kupfuura mativi uye dumbu - the lightest nharaunda pamusoro muviri rehove. ruvara ichi ane unodzivirira basa. Dark shure zvakaoma kunzwisisa pamusoro mvura pamusoro, kana ukatarira kumusoro, kubva mumhepo. Uye kana vakatarisa hove kubva pasi, kurutivi denga, hazvisi nyore kuona yakajeka dumbu. Makara zvinoenderana kupi uye sei yakadzika nehove kurarama. Kazhinji, ruvara rinodzokorora zvakavapoteredza. Panewo imwe mhando rokudzivirira coloring: inopenya yeChina, kurohwa pamusoro muviri, asi nzvimbo dziri muswe kuti akafanana maziso. Zvose izvi uye Inovhiringidza muvengi nezvavakatapa, sezvo chimiro muviri rehove nemaziso akaremara, contours awo akavhuniwa zvidimbu. Mukuwedzera, kupenda inzira kuziva vanhu kwemarudzi, kusanganisira aroorane.

Vamwe hove mhou vanogona kusvetuka kubva mumvura, kubhururuka mumhepo panguva iyoyowo vanopfuura zana mamita. Vakawanda vavo vari dzinoshambira dundira kana dakashwa mhango varipo kunyange vamwe namano kuti kuvatendera nyorovera achitsva mhepo refu zvakakwana kugara akabuda mumvura. Uye polypterus uye lungfish dzinoshambira dundira rinoumbwa masero. Kufanana ichi chiedza dzinovabvumira mweya mumhepo mhepo.

hove mhou kuridza basa rinokosha rinoshanda upenyu. Munyika dzakawanda, hove - mumwe chikuru sectors hwenyika. Hove - zvinobatsira kwete chete uye zvinonaka chikafu. It anoshumira chakanakisisa mbishi mashoko kugadzirwa munhu medicament (mafuta) zvokudya nokuda yehuku uye zvipfuwo (inosimbisa kudya), fetiraiza nyika (tuki), guruu, zvekushandisa mafuta nezvimwewo zvinogadzirwa zvinoshandiswa zvokudya uye chiedza Mazinga.