Natural ezvinhu uye mukuru maitiro European vatorwa

Ndima European, riri kunze nyika dzaiumba Kishi, inowanzonzi kunzi "wokumwe Europe." Inoitwa zvina gumi nembiri kunyika, chokuita pamwe achishandisa boka nhoroondo uye enyika ukama. Ndima Foreign mu Europe iri vanenge mamiriyoni 5.4 mativi makiromita, uye vagari - vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 500. Nzvimbo chokwadi mumwe nzvimbo nyika ibudirire, uye kune nzvimbo inokosha munyika zvematongerwo enyika. Nhasi tichataura pamusoro nyaya dzakadai wemauto tsananguro vanorumwe Europe. Grade 11 kwakarongwa kunosanganisira pokukurukura wenyaya. Ngatiyeukei kuti takadzidziswa kuchikoro, uye Uswedere woga chinhu chitsva!

mamiriro

Nharaunda kuti tiri kufunga nhasi, anotambanudza pamusoro 5000? Km kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba uye 3,000? Km kubva kumavirira kusvikira kumabvazuva. Pakati nyika dzokuEurope, pane guru uye svikiro kadikidiki, asi ivo vachiri pasi ari ruzhinji. Somuenzaniso, pane wosekwa kuti wakati nemhepo muBelgium, unofanira kuva nguva kushingirira pamusoro akamedura, zvimwe unogona kudana mumwe State. Fast chitima nomunyika yacho mumaminitsi 140 chete. Nyika yakadaro Europe zvikuru. Ndosaka vakawanda vavo hapana chinhu chakadai avete.

Inoratidza tsananguro mukuru dzimwe kunyika Europe, vari, maererano zveupfumi uye nenzvimbo mamiriro ezvinhu, kuva huru mbiri zvinhu. Chokutanga izvi - nyika pedyo chinzvimbo. Nokuti muduku (tichishandisa kutaura, Chokwadi) kukura ndima dzaro duku "kudzika", inoti vane hurongwa chokufambisa Links zvakanaka kusimbiswa. Chechipiri chine - nhamba huru pagungwa nzvimbo muEurope. Vakawanda vavo vari riri pedyo Neine Basa Chaizvo waterways. Upenyu kunyika dzakadai England, Netherlands, Denmark, Iceland, Portugal, Norway, Italy uye Greece, kubvira kare hunonyatsobatana kugungwa.

Mumazana remakore rechimakumi maviri enyika map Europe kwave kuchiita kuchinja katatu: mushure First uye Second World Wars, uyewo panguva pakuguma 90s. Nhasi mu Europe anogona kuwanikwa mhiri kwemakungwa zvokuvhoterwa, umambo uye unitary uye batana inoti.

Nature uye Resources

Industrial vatorwa Europe akasikwa vakadhakwa dzinongoitika prerequisites, kureva murwiyo zvicherwa. Kuchamhembe (chikuva) uye kumaodzanyemba (akapeta) zvikamu nharaunda zvakasiyana. Kuchamhembe akapfuma esimbi uye Zvisaririra mafuta. Huru ibwe-marasha nembiya ndivo Ruhr (Germany) uye Upper muSilesia (Poland). Pakati mafuta uye gasi madziva ari kupa Gungwa North. Uye pakati simbi - Pool Kiruna (Sweden) uye Lorraine (France).

Kumaodzanyemba nharaunda akapfuma esimbi deposits pakati magmatic uye sedimentary mavambo. Kana nehwemweya peturu nezviwanikwa, havasi kwakaenzana kuchamhembe Europe.

General zvechadenga yokumwe Europe maererano simba hunoratidza kuti zvinhu ayo kura kwazvo, asi vari kuwana kunyanya munzvimbo mugomo, zvinoti: Alpine, Nordic uye Dinaric. In yakawanda nyika, zvinhu zviri anenge aneta. Yezvakaita nharaunda runoita kuti kushingaira kurima. Dambudziko chete - kushaya panyika. Small kumahombekombe inoti vari kutambura nayo, kuwedzera kugungwa. Somuenzaniso, chetatu mundima Netherlands akanga "akakundwa" pagungwa nokubatsirwa madhamu. The veko panyaya iyi, achiti: ". Mwari akasika Earth, uye The yeDutch - Netherlands" Izvi angangotadza nyora muchikamu rinonzi "Geography" (mugiredhi wechi11). General zvechadenga vanorumwe Europe zvakadaro haagoni kufuratira chokwadi ichi.

Nharaunda iri mu dzinodziya uye subtropical (rwezasi) zvikamu. In yeMediterranean yakatsiga kurima hazvibviri pasina kudiridzwa. Kumboda zvinokanganisawo Italy uye Spain. The yakanakisisa mamiriro ezvinhu Finland uye Sweden kuzvirumbidza nokuda foresitiri. Ndosaka pane kutaura: ". Finland pasina musango, bere pasina bvudzi" Natural uye kuzvivaraidza zvinhu zviri pamberi kwakawanda zvakakwana.

Zvino yava nguva yokuti inotevera chinhu kukurukurirana pamusoro wenyaya "General maitiro vemamwe Europe."

The Vagari wokumwe Europe

National sezvamunoita iri chaizvo rekuchikoro. Vazhinji marudzi ndezvaJehovha Indo-European mhuri. Chikuru chitendero chiKristu mudunhu. Zvisinei, kumaodzanyemba iri kurerekera dzeRoma, uye kuchamhembe - kuchiPurotesitendi. International Europe anonzi imwe yenzvimbo dzine vakawanda kumatunhu Nyika. Vagari arambe achirema pano vanhu vanopfuura 100 paminiti 1 mativi kiromita. Achiisa rinorondedzera vainyanya geography avanhu. Maererano padanho urbanization Europe uyewo pokutanga-. Mumaguta, avhareji nevanhu vanenge 78% vemo. Kune nyika umo nhamba iyi kunosvika 90%.

Over achangopfuura makore, vagari Europe akatanga kuchiwedzerawo zvishoma nezvishoma. Muna 15 inoti pane kwevanhu kuderera. Uyezve, zviri kuchinja kwayo sezvamunoita - vakawanda vanhu vakwegura. Izvi zvakakanganisa nharaunda mugove munyika yose mashandiro nechitarisiko yokutama. Zvishoma nezvishoma vatorwa Europe iri kuva nemadzinza zvesimba kuenda kumwe. Pano, pane vashandi vanenge mamiriyoni 20 kubva kunze kwenyika. miriyoni vavo vanorarama muGermany 7.

General zvechadenga emari European vatorwa

11 kwakarongwa kirasi anoongorora nyaya dzakadaro zvechipameso, isuwo kubata pamusoro pavo zvizere. Sevanhu nharaunda, vatorwa Europe ine nyika ushasha-pamwero kunze kwenyika, kukura maindasitiri kugadzirwa uye kukura ushanyi. simba zvoupfumi yokutanga munzvimbo anozorora pane nyika dzakadai France, Britain, Italy uye Germany. Over gumi adarika, mutungamiriri quartet uyu Germany, ane upfumi yava kukura. "Workshop hwenyika" - United Kingdom, akatanga kutora nzvimbo yavo. mukuru uremu pakati dzimwe nyika vari: Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Spain neSweden. Ivo, kusiyana "mana makuru" Kusimbisa munhu maindasitiri.

indasitiri

The vaitungamirira bazi yokumwe European indasitiri - zvokuimba mapurani. Nezvokuvandudzika chetatu nharaunda haisi uye vaviri pavatatu kunze kwenyika. Hazvina chakavanzika kuti Europe ndiyo inozivikanwa motokari yayo. Chokutanga, michina ruchigona maguta makuru, kusanganisira guru. Panguva iyoyowo, sezvo mutemo mumwe nomumwe Sub-kwemauto nezvatinovavarira mune imwe nzvimbo ehurumende.

Munzvimbo wechipiri makemikari indasitiri. Zvizhinji kubudirira mirayiridzo iyi yakasiyana Germany. Makemikari Indasitiri munzvimbo pamberi Hondo Yenyika II rinotarisa kunonyanya pamusoro marasha (vatema uye shava), munyu (tafura uye potassium) uye pyrite. Zvino kwaiva reorientation pakati Mahydrocarbon indasitiri. The petrochemicals pakukura riri estuaries iri Seine, ivo Thames, Elbe, Rhine uye Rhone. Pano indasitiri iri zvakanyatsobatana oiri.

Negasi uye mafuta anobudiswa muGungwa North, vanotumirwa kunyika dzakasiyana pamusoro guru hunde Mapaipi hurongwa. Gas kubva Algeria zvifambiswe mu kwematangi methane vatakuri. A guru basa iri kuridzwa ne Russian gasi, izvo vakatenga munyika 20 European.

Next pamusoro rapanzvimbo indasitiri - simbi uye simbi. It yakaumbwa pano pamberi kutanga p. Iron uye simbi indasitiri zvikuru kwazvo yakatanga muna Germany, England, Spain, France, Czech Republic uye Poland. A guru mugove anoshayisa aruminiyamu uye non-ferrous simbi. Aluminum iri vainyungudutsa kwete chete munyika tinazvo rakakura matura bauxite, asiwo yemhando kugadzirwa magetsi.

Sango indasitiri iri pfungwa kunyanya Finland uye Sweden, uye chiedza - iri kumaodzanyemba kweEurope. Italy ndiyo nyika yechipiri munyika nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi shangu, pashure China. Uye Portugal anonzi mukuru "zvokusona" mudunhu. Munyika dzakawanda nhasi zvichengetedzwe tsika yenyika nokuda pagadzirwe zviridzwa, fenicha, magirazi zvigadzirwa.

kurima

General zvechadenga emari Europe pakarwiwa vatorwa yepamusoro ikozvino kutaura zvizere. Vazhinji zvigadzirwa pachavo zvokurima mabasa munzvimbo vanopa zvakazara uye kushingaira vanowatengesa kunze. Mushure Second World War, nharaunda zvasvika kubva madiki kurima kune specialized mukuru-ukoshi. The mapazi - zvirimwa uye zvipfuwo, anoparadzirwa Europe yose uye vari pedyo pedyo zvakanyatsobatana mumwe. Natural uye nhoroondo ezvinhu akaita kuti paumbwe pakubhadhara izvi zvokurima: Nordic, Central European uye South European.

Nordic kurima anowanika Finland, dzekuma Scandinavia uye muUK. Iye kunoratidzwa ndichibvunza romukaka kurima, uko Serviced kuburikidza zvirimwa wachena chingwa uye zvezvipfuwo zvirimwa. Mugore Central European mhando chikuru basa reDare nyama uye dheri mombe uye yehuku.

Southern European mhando yokusafa predominance zvirimwa kugadzirwa. Zvirimwa Anonyanyowanika kutaurirwa zviyo, asi international specialization kumaodzanyemba Europe anonzi kuva kugadzirwa mazambiringa maorivhi, maranjisi, fodya, nzungu uye efironosov. Mukuru "bindu" muEurope - yeMediterranean. Kazhinji, mumwe mamiriro ane yayo specialization zvokurima. Somuenzaniso, Holland ndiyo inozivikanwa kuti kurima maruva, France uye Switzerland - kugadzirwa chizi, uye zvichingodaro.

ushanyi

General maitiro vemamwe Europe haagoni kuita pasina ushanyi. Europe yakanga, uye achava chikuru nzvimbo dzakawanda ushanyi. Pano runoratidzwa zvose kumativi. Chinonyanya mukurumbira vari France, Italy, Spain, muUK uye dzimwe nyika zvikuru. Uye munyika duku dzakadai Andorra, Monaco nevamwe, tourism ndiyo valyutoobrazuyuschey indasitiri. The Mhando chikuru Tourism dzimwe Europe - gomo uye gungwa.

kutakura

Nhasi, tiri kupa vakawanda characterization vanorumwe Europe, uye hazvibviri pasina nezvifambiso zvinosvika. Europe muduku kuna chokufambisa kure America uye Russia, asi ndiko mutungamiri munyika pakufamba Network kuchengeteka. The arambe achirema rwemotokari chaizvo. A kukonzera chokufambisa kutakura uye nenhumbi kubudikidza mugwagwa senga dambe. The njanji samambure dzakawanda inoti uchipinda ipfupi.

Land chokufambisa samambure ane yakaoma configuration. Its chimiro mugwagwa índico uye latitudinal mirayiridzo, iro rine huwandu dzakawanda kukosha. Waterways dziri pfungwa munzvimbo idzi. A rinokosha iri kuridzwa ne rwizi Rhine. Pairi pagore kutakura matani anopfuura mazana maviri mamiriyoni nhumbi. Munzvimbo umo nyika uye waterways piringisha chero kuyambuka kuti akatendeuka pakupedzisira kupinda chaiyo portovopromyshlennye zvivako. Somuenzaniso, chiteshi chengarava reRotterdam pagore zvikepe matani mamiriyoni 350.

Western Europe muenzaniso sei hombe dzinongoitika zvipingamupinyi hausisiri chipingamupinyi kune nezvifambiso zvinosvika. Rail uye mugwagwa nzira, uyewo mapaipi kuyambuka Alps zvose zvakafanira nzvimbo. Nemahombekombe kuBaltic, muMediterranean uye Gungwa North akasungwa ferries.

General zvechadenga vatorwa Europe: sayenzi mari

In Europe nhasi pane Techno zhinji, kuiita mumwe nyika nzvimbo nesayenzi. Remasangano navo dziri pedyo Munich uye Cambridge. Uye akaumba munhu "yepamusorosoro mugwagwa" iri kumaodzanyemba kweFrance.

MuEurope, pane mugove mabhanga kupfuura munyika weshumba. Standard rwezvemabhengi aiva Switzerland. Mune hwakavigwa mumakamuri ane dzarwo akaramba vanenge 50% of kuchengetedzeka pasi pose.

Kudzivirira zvakatipoteredza

General maitiro vemamwe Europe chinoratidza kuti ari munharaunda zvawo resonance ndiyo kudzivirira zvisikwa. Nokuda mukuru hwevanhu arambe achirema uye zvinoshingaira kukura maindasitiri mu Europe zvave kare nemamiriro zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza. Vamwe vavo chokuita dzokubudisa uye kubudiswa marasha. Vamwe - zvakawanda petrochemical uye simbi zvinomera mumaguta makuru. Vamwe - ane kuwedzera motokari mumigwagwa. Chechina - pamwe kukura tourism, zvinoita kuti kudzikisirana hwezvisikwa. Zvichingodaro.

All nyika vari munharaunda andave kwezvakatipoteredza negwaro. Somugumisiro kutora kutora matanho akaomarara: kusimudzira nemabhasikoro uye motokari yemagetsi, zvinoshingaira apiwa zvinomera uye zvichingodaro.

mhedziso

Nhasi, nyaya dzedu kukurukura waiva mukuru hunhu dzimwe Europe. 11 kirasi - nguva chikoro inowira pamapfudzi mutoro hombe, saka dzinokosha zvinhu zvakawanda kurerutswa. Tinoyeuchidzwa zvose zvingave kukanganwika, uye ndikadzidza chinhu chitsva pasi "General Zvinoitwa yokumwe Europe." Mharidzo (Grade 11) nokubatsira ino ichava nyore basa kuti chero mudzidzi.