Uzivi New Age

Mukuru nguva kuti uzivi dzazvino - eto17-18 remakore. Nokuti Danho iri kukura kwepfungwa kwouzivi kunoratidzwa kuvapo nzvimbo dzinoverengeka. Izvi Chirungu muzivi womuzana remakore rechi17 (empiricism), akatungamirirwa Fr. Bacon (1561-1626), Gobbs, Locke; rationality rinotungamirirwa Descartes (1596-1650), Leibniz Spinoza; Remakore rechi18 uzivi Kujekerwa (Voltaire, Montesquieu, Diderot, Rousseau); pfuma French ramakore rechi18 (La Mettrie, Holbach, Helvetius).

Uzivi dzazvino zvavo zvatariswa anogona kupiwa mhosva. The ndichibvunza kukura sayenzi kunotungamirira kuunganidza zvinhu, neatly vaziva mitemo. Mumwe nomumwe Sciences nemaonero ayo pasi, matambudziko, kutsanangura ayo chaizvoizvo uye hunhu. Itsika anova kunyanya kuoneka kuparadzana sayenzi uye uzivi.

The chikuru dambudziko sayenzi kuziva hunhu. Science rinotanga kuongorora nyika, iyo iri kunzwisisa sezvo hunhu, huripo pasi mitemo. In uhwu yachinjwa kuva muviri zivo pamusoro nyika, kugadzira uye kunozarura mitemo chaiyo muviri mananara. It akatendeuka kuva experimental nesayenzi. Social uye sayenzi chimurenga vakabatsira kuti paumbwe munzvimbo huru mbiri, iyo vanoumba muuzivi dzazvino: empiricism uye rationalism.

Empirism uzivi nhungamiro anomiririrwa nzvimbo cognition dzidziso izvo anoziva kukosha kutsinga dzinouya ruzivo sezvo kwainyanya zivo.

Uyewo, mukati empiricism vaiva mirayiridzo dzakadai rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma uye pfuma empiricism. Idealist empiricism rinotungamirirwa George. Berkeley (1685-1753), Hume (1711-1776). Maererano kutungamirirwa ruzivo vanowanzochema akagadzirwa pfungwa, manzwiro, uye mutengo akaenzana kukosha nyika ruzivo. The mirayiridzo wechipiri mukati empiricism akanga pfuma empiricism, akatsinhira kuti Bacon uye T.Gobbs. Vamiriri ichi muitiro vanodavira kuti anopa vanhu zvakaitika kwokunze nyika.

Rationalism kuoneke ari musoro musimboti nesayenzi, ruzivo anokonzera uye chikuru chokuratidza chokwadi inonzi pfungwa.

Rationalist muuzivi dzazvino vaivawo ari mukuru kutungamirirwa nomunhu Rwako anoverengeka. Pfungwa zivo inonzi epistemology. Rationalism zvoruzivo ano kwakavakirwa pfungwa iyi. Murume ari ake nyika isu kumativi inoshanduka. The Company zvinoreva nyika kubva rinoshanda pfungwa maonero. Man zvake kuitwa vanosungirwa kuchinja nyika zvakamupoteredza. kuchinja uku zvakanga chimiro, rinofanira kudzorwa ruzivo.

Epistemology vanofanira kujekesa hunhu ruzivo kwevanhu, ayo mitemo, zvinangwa uye nemikana. Iye ari kudzidza nzira dzose zvishande basa, rinoongorora ruzivo nemamiriro, basa mumagariro uye zvipenyu zvikonzero zviri cognition, etc. Epistemology chokuita zvepfungwa, cybernetics, zvemutauro sayenzi nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Saka, ano uzivi kokutanga nokuenzanisa gangaidzo nesayenzi kuburikidza epistemological hurongwa empiricism uye rationalism. Science akatanga kunzwisiswa se kwegadziriro zivo iyi yechokwadi. Empiricists vakaona kwaibva ruzivo mune ruzivo, pfungwa - mupfungwa. Synthesize maonero aya Kant vakaedza.

Panguva nenguva itsva tenzi chirongwa akanga Arayirwa inductive nzira ruzivo. Pakati uzivi uye nesayenzi mazuva ano kuti kutanga pedyo chaizvo ukama, izvo zvakazoita kuti paumbwe uzere nesayenzi mufananidzo wenyika.

Science kubva iyi inova huchashandiswa muuzivi kuzvizivawo nyika. Zvava chinokosha nyaya mafungiro ouzivi. Naizvozvo, zvakachinjira mufananidzo wenyika, munhu uye zvesayenzi. Science anozivisa kuvanhu zvakasikwa uye anobatsira kukura yebudiriro rose.