Mutemo Kirchhoff mune elekrotehnike

Mune Masvomhu ose dzemagetsi nematunhu AC uye DC kunze akakurumbira payakavakirwa Ohm anoshandawo mutemo Kirchhoff vake. Murume, ane basa riri chokuita magetsi engineering, vanofanira kunyange usiku pasina kumbozengurira kupa tsanangudzo nomumwe mitemo miviri. Kazhinji hazvisi zvakakodzera kuita Masvomhu sezvinongoitawo nekuda kunzwisisa kwendangariro.

Kare muna 1845, ari yefizikisi yokuGermany Gustav Kirhgof kwakavakirwa Maxwell kuti mabasa (kuchengetedza muripo, uye zvivako zviri pakati electrostatic munda) akagadzira mitemo maviri chaiyo ukama pakati voltage uye kuitika mu namahwindo magetsi vematunhu. Izvi zvaiita kuti kugadzirisa chero dambudziko chikumbiro chokuita nemagetsi. mutemo Kirchhoff raMwari rinoshandiswa kuverenga Linear yemagetsi redunhu, runoita kuti vawane dzekare gadziriro Linear equations kuti kufunga voltages uye dzenzvimbo kuti akazozivikanwa pashure basa.

Mashoko acho anoratidza kushandiswa mashoko zvemagetsi "redunhu raiva pedyo nebundu uye davi." Davi - iri chero kaviri vanototsigira redunhu nzira, ane zvemasanga kureba kwaro. Dunhu - hurongwa mapazi vanyanyisa, kureva kutanga mupfungwa kufamba chero pfungwa chero bazi, pakupedzisira vachiri kupinda panzvimbo sangano rakatanga. More zvinonzwisisika Bazi rinonzi "mupumburu pamusoro", kunyange izvi handizvo zvachose. Raiva pedyo nebundu - pfungwa pane izvo zviviri kana kupfuura mapazi.

1 mutemo Kirchhoff ndiko nyore chaizvo. Zvinonzi papfungwa inokosha mutemo kuchengetedza muripo. mutemo Kirchhoff yokutanga rinoti: Verengai dzenzvimbo (algebraic), anomhanya pasi mapazi kune rimwe raiva pedyo nebundu akaenzana razero. Kureva, I1 + I2 + I3 = 0. Nokuti Masvomhu zvinofungirwa kuti kukosha dzenzvimbo inoyerera kupinda raiva pedyo nebundu ane "+" chiratidzo uye zvichizoita "-". Saka nzira anova rakawedzerwa maonero I1 + I2 - I3 = 0. Nemamwe mashoko, uwandu ano inoyerera kupinda raiva pedyo nebundu akaenzana nokuwanda effluent. mutemo Kirchhoff uyu unokosha chaizvo kunzwisisa pemisimboti magetsi. Somuenzaniso, anotsanangura sei apo unobva electric motor windings ari "nyeredzi" kana "Triangle" hapana interphase pfupi vematunhu.

mutemo 2 Kirchhoff iri aiwanzoshandiswa kuverenga namahwindo loop neumwe mari mapazi. Zvinonzi correlated zvakananga mutemo wechitatu Maxwell (chenguva remagineti). KwoUmambo rinoti kuti algebraic Verengai voltage anodonhedza pamusoro nechimwe redunhu mapazi akaenzana Verengai emf tsika dzaona kuti mapazi ose redunhu. Zviri pachena kuti pasina munhu namahwindo redunhu Magetsi panobva (EDS), kunoguma voltage donhwe achava razero. In zvakawanda nemashoko nyore, panobva simba iri chete kutendeuka kuti vatengi, uye anokanda panguva vodzokera yepakutanga kukosha kwayo. Tichishandisa mutemo uyu ane nhamba features, sezvinowanzoita yokutanga.

Kunyora redunhu mukana wokuti vanhu vanga zvinofungirwa kuti nhamba kukosha electromotive simba rine chiratidzo akanaka apo akagamuchira nhungamiro iri pakutanga yokunzvenga redunhu (kazhinji Kutenderera) rinobatana mirayiridzo yaro, uye akaipa kana mirayiridzo vari pakatarisana. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune resistor: kana kutungamirirwa ano kwakafanana kuti ari yasarudzwa yokunzvenga, ari voltage donhwe pairi iri anonzi "+" chiratidzo. Somuenzaniso, E1 - E2 + E3 = I1R1 - I2R2 + I3R3 + I4R4 ...

Somugumisiro, yokunzvenga zvose mapazi enzvimbo kutenderera zvinoumba ezvinhu ose Linear equations, nekugadzirisa kuti, zvinokwanisika here kudzidza matavi kuitika zvose (uye muzvikamu). Rwakapedza noukama vakawana ne nzira loop dzenzvimbo.

Zvakaoma kuona kukosha mitemo Kirchhoff nokuda magetsi mapurani. Vakasununguka kunyora equations uye mhinduro kwavo nzira dzekare nemasvomhu vaiva chikonzero kuti rakafara kushandiswa.