The chikuru nemamiriro mudzi, kuchinja kubva chikuru kune yechipiri maumbirwo mudzi

The pevhu nhengo dzakawanda yepamusoro spore, gymnosperms uye maruva miti - mudzi. Akatanga kuoneka chikwindi uye anoita kwete chete mashandiro kutsigirwa, asi rinewo zvose nezvimwe zvikamu chirimwa nemvura ukaparadzawo chicherwa munyu. In gymnosperms uye angiosperms vanoumba chikuru mudzi hwapedyo kubva embryonic mudzi. Gare gare kuumbwa midzi, sechivako chiri yakasiyana monocots uye dicots. Munyaya ino tichaongorora nesekondari mudzi anatomical maumbirwo maruva miti vane mbeu vane cotyledons maviri, uye mienzaniso yakananga inoratidza basa chirimwa nyama uye STRUCTURAL zvinhu pachivande chikamu mukuita kushanda kwemuviri chirimwa.

Embryonic midzi yayo kukura

Panguva mbeu imere anovandudza mugove wokutanga musimboti, inonzi germinal nomuzongoza. Inoitwa yedzidzo zvinyama masero - chikuru meristem, apical chikamu anonzi chakaderedzwa mutengo. Munguva mitotic weboka masero ayo constituent inoumbwa mukuru nemamiriro mudzi, iine rhizodermis, chikuru cortex uye axial humburumbira. Ngationei vanogara morphological uye vasiri zvechadenga rejira chikuru rokudzidzisa, riri kumusoro vose embryo midzi, uye mune apical chikamu vaduku nemidzi: huru, lateral uye chishongedzo. Species ainzi vokupedzisira, kunyanya kuwanikwa monocots. Vanokurukura kubva pasi hunde. Ndizvo chakaderedzwa mutengo womunhu kutanga masero. Kukura kwacho, ivo vanoumba chepuraimari meristem. Under kwayo rukoko kunotanga Kusiyanisa foni zvivako inoenda pakuonekwa wakadenha yedzidzo zvinyama anatomic maumbirwo kunokonzera zvikuru mudzi. Chirimwa anochengeterwa kusvikira pakuonekwa yechipiri meristems, akadana cambium uye fellogenom.

Rhizodermis: mamiriro uye zvinoreva

Rizoderma kana rhizodermis ari unhani paiva zvinyama masero dzinongoda pamusoro nechepakati wechiduku mudzi anomuitira kwazviri uye divi mapazi. Chinonyanya kukosha nokuti chirimwa uri chikamu pakavha rejira, riri yakarongwa mudzi nharaunda, achiita Absorção de Água nemvura uye chicherwa munyu. It elongated masero vakaumba rhizodermis mudzi vhudzi. cytoplasm yavo rine vakawanda vacuoles uye masero rusvingo chitete chaizvo, pasina cuticle. Rizoderma ari mudzi mugove mudzi chivharo pamberi lateral mudzi vematunhu, unonzi conductive. It Vakawana kuti nzvimbo mudzi bvudzi noruremekedzo kuti mudzi chivharo riri pamusoro mukuru mudzi, risina kuchinjwa.

Root vhudzi ravo basa muupenyu miti

Tichitarisa nemaziso maumbirwo chezvinhu mudzi, ungawana kuti rizoderma rinobva okumusoro rukoko - dermatogena. It, akavapindurawo, chakaumbwa kugovera chakaderedzwa mutengo kwamakamuri chikuru. Kubvisa mudzi mapazi chinonyanya tisanzwe kuchinja kamwe kamwe ari kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu, saka, gwirikwiti vhudzi anogona kukurumidza wasvava. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru kuti murombo apone yevanhu mizambiringa yakabva kumwe, uye kunyange rufu kwake. Kukura utachiona masero afe uye vari sloughed rizodermy. Nechepasi paiva anodzivirira jira - exoderm aoma anotora rutivi paumbwe kuyambuka zvinhu. Nokuda kwavo mvura kugadzirisa zviri chicherwa yeimwe uye pamudzi bvudzi kupinda humburumbira akabatana, ndezvaiye chikuru nemamiriro mudzi.

It unotora munhu Mucheka conductive umo kuva panguva ontogeny midziyo - the trachea uye nomusero sepombi kubva shamwari-masero. Havasi zvinomera zvose vanoumba tsime kunyatsobudirira hurongwa mudzi vhudzi. Somuenzaniso, murove uye hwemvura mhando hatisi nokuda kwazvo remvura zvakatipoteredza.

Primary meristem - pericycle

mamiriro ichi, riri muchimiro mhete uye anofukidza nechepakati humburumbira yaiva pasi rizodermoy. Inoitwa diki, nokukurumidza unonyatsoruramisa mumasero chinokosha redzidzo uye aripo mune zvose Woody uye herbaceous chirimwa nezvimiro kuti bereka kubudikidza mbeu. nhengo dzose nechepakati humburumbira hwapedyo nokuda masero pericycle.

The chikuru maumbirwo pamudzi mumwe bipartite chirimwa inosimbisa chokwadi kuti kurutivi Tabs uye adventitious nemidzi kuruvazhe paiva chaionekwa dzidzo - meristem. The vamiririri dicotyledonous miti enzvimbo mhuri Rosaceae, bhinzi, Solanaceae, zviri ipapo kutendeuka kune yechipiri marudzi, zvakadai phellogen kana cambium. Mugumisiro mitotic weboka pericycle masero ndiyo chitarisiko homogeneous marongerwo uye kushanda embryo zvinyama munyika dzine ramangwana - periblemy, iyo yakaumbwa kubva chikuru cortex uye dermatogena, yaibvumira kutanga chezvinhu apical meristem.

chikuru cortex

Izvi mudzi mugove anomiririrwa kuitwa zvinhu zvakadai sekuimba parenchyma masero. Part chirimwa rinenge yakabatana rhizodermis inonzi exoderm, pakati rukoko chezvinhu cortex - mesoderm. Tichitarisa chikuru nemamiriro mudzi nemaikorosikopu, nzvimbo idzi dzinogona kuwanikwa yakawanda intercellular dzezvimwe. Vanoshanda senzvimbo makopi okisijeni uye carbon dioxide, uye nokudaro kubatanidzwa gasi exchange. Yomukati mugove ine sero mapoka akarongwa zvakasimba beach.

Pashure pokuparadzwa rhizodermis vakaisa migove pachena exoderm, ipapo oprobkovevayut mu lateral mudzi mapazi uye zvadaro kuita unodzivirira basa. Mushure zvose zvitatu akaturikidzana ose cortex radially uchifamba mvura mamorekuru uye achamhanyira midziyo nechepakati humburumbira pamudzi. Maererano naye, nemhaka kumanikidzwa mudzi transpiration, mvura uye zvicherwa zvinogadzirisa wakamutsa hunde uye mashizha. Uyezve, makemikari yeimwe zvakadai starch kana inulin anogona kuunganidza mu chikuru cortical parenchyma masero ari mesoderm.

nechepakati humburumbira

Tichitarisa nemaziso maumbirwo chezvinhu pamudzi mumwe bipartite chirimwa, panowanikwa maumbirwo yakadai, sezvo Dombo rekare rakanyorwa nezvokukunda. Izvi mugove axial unotora munhu muzvizhinji pakati anatomical hurongwa kuti aite basa iri zvinhu. Zvinosanganisira chikuru zvinyama - xylem uye kuumbwa conductive okunze, zvakadai midziyo (trachea). Solutions kuti shuga uye mamwe makemikari yeimwe vanotama kubva mashizha uye pemashanga pamudzi nomusero sepombi riri cortex, uye mvura uye zvicherwa zvinhu nemidziyo (tracheas) zvinobva mudzi kusvika humburumbira axial vegetative chirimwa nhengo.

Cambium basa mudzi kukura

Kuchinja kubva chikuru kune yechipiri nemamiriro mudzi kunoitika panguva seedling rwakazara uye kwakaratidzwa kuonekwa rejira edzidzo - cambium. Mumwe rwaro aumba kubva protomeristemy vascular mwanda.

Uyezve, pane nzvimbo nemwaranzi cambium. Vose emarudzi aya yechipiri meristem cambium batanidza kuva nevakawanda mhete, riri pakati cortex uye nechepakati humburumbira. Nokuda vanoshingaira mitosis, cambium masero zvinoumba akaturikidzana mbiri yechipiri Micheka conductive: yomukati rinotungamirirwa kurutivi Dombo rekare rakanyorwa nezvokukunda - xylem uye distal akatarisa endoderm - phloem. Somugumisiro kwemasayendisiti pamusoro apa, mashoko axial humburumbira anova yechipiri marongerwo cho zvose nemidzi dicotyledonous zvirimwa.

Zvii zviri kuitika munyika chikuru cortex

The kwaita yechipiri anoitisa munyama - xylem uye phloem kunokonzera kushanduka uye pericycle. masero awo, unogovera nokuda mitosis, kuti aumbe paiva Cork cambium - phellogen, uyo, uyewo, anoumba periderm. Chezvinonhuwira Sero wayo Periclinal anotanga kugovera, zvinoita kuti voga chezvinhu cortex kubva axial humburumbira, uye zvakare - wayo kutsakatika. Zvino, chokunze paiva mudzi yechipiri ndiwo periderm pamwe vasara zvikamu phelloderm uye pericycle. Sezvaunogona kuona, chikuru uye yechipiri nemamiriro mudzi ndiwo zvikuru vakasiyana mumwe. kusiyana izvi chokuita ose madhipatimendi zvayo, kusanganisira cortex uye nechepakati humburumbira. Ndivo kunyanya kuoneka mune anatomical nemamiriro dzidzo uye kufukidza nzvimbo dzomuviri. Chinonyanya kukosha pezvakaitwa kuitika midzi munguva kukura, tinogona kufunga chitarisiko cambium uye yechipiri Tab micheka conductive. Zvinotevera Sub-rokuremekedza, isu funga navo zvizere.

Nesekondari maumbirwo mudzi

The kusiyana Morphology uye vasiri mashandiro nezvokunyanya mudzi ane bipartite chirimwa chinogona kumiririrwa mu patafura:

Kuwedzera tafura kucherechedza kuti yechipiri thickening midzi mudzi pa dicots akatsanangura mitotic basa cambium masero uye midzi kukura pakureba Rinobatanidzwa updating uye anozunungusa apical meristem uye mudzi chivharo masero muvhu. Upper nechepakati mudzi chinokunda kurwisa pasi migove zvakasimba nokuda yakakwirira nokuwedzera simba, saka midzi yemiti angiosperms panguva kumera rinokwanisa kusvika kunyange Asphalt.