Chii chifukidzo jira? The pabutiro jira: mashandiro uye STRUCTURAL zviri masero

Jira - chine masero, vakabatanidzwa yakafanana marongerwo uye mashandiro, uye intercellular fuma. Kubva micheka vakaumba miviri, izvo zvaizoitawo vanoumba muviri hurongwa. Most zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvinenge ine marudzi akawanda tishu.

kusiyana

Sayenzi kuti vanodzidza zvinyama (histology), unoratidza vazhinji vavo mhando.

Mhando munyama mhuka :

• Junction;
• tsandanyama;
• huta;
• chifukidzo rinenge (epithelial);

Mhando chirimwa munyama:

• DZIDZO (meristem);
• parenchyma;
• raifukidzira jira;
• zvemaziso;
• excretory;
• conductive.

Imwe neimwe mhando rejira rinobatanidza zvakawanda siyana.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana connective tishu:

• makobvu;
• anongoremberera;
• reticular;
• shwashwa;
• pfupa;
• mafuta;
• rwekenza yelymphoma;
• ropa.

Mhando tsandanyama tishu :

• chechetere;
• striated;
• mwoyo.

Mhando rejira edzidzo :

• apical;
• divi;
• intercalary.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana conductive jira :

• xylem;
• phloem.

Mhando zvokuimba tishu:

• kolenhima;
• sclerenchyma.

About mhando, marongerwo uye mashandiro anoita raifukidzira chaionekwa mhuka uye zvinomera ichakurukurwa zvizere pazasi.

Zviri nemamiriro unhani jira. Vhuṱanzi

Zviri nemamiriro unhani jira nokuda kwayo kuenda. Kunyange kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana izvi mhando zvinyama, ivo vose zvakafanana.

Nguva dzose vakawanda masero uye zvishoma intercellular fuma. Structural nezvimedu dziri pedyo nepedyo. The nemamiriro unhani jira uye nguva dzose dzinopindura zvakajeka wezwi masero ari muchadenga. Ekupedzisira vane okumusoro chikamu uye yokumusoro chikamu tinongogara riri pedyo muviri pamusoro. Chimwe chinhu, iyo inozivikanwa nokuda nemamiriro unhani rejira, ndiko kuti zvakanaka regenerated. masero awo pfupi. Vanokwanisa kukurumidza kugoverana, nokuda izvo zvinyama rinogara achiudza.

Shanda bemhapemha micheka

Kutanga vatambe unodzivirira basa, raiparadzanisa dzomunyika ezvinhu kubva kwokunze nyika.

Ivowo vanoita exchanges uye excretory mabasa. Kazhinji, nechifukidzo jira inopiwa ne pores kuitira ichi. Wokupedzisira chikuru nerevane - Kanotokonya.

Imwe mhando unhani rinenge kwemhuka - glandular epithelium - anoita secretory ushande.

Bemhapemha chirimwa tishu

Kune mhando nhatu:

• chikuru;
• yechipiri;
• More.

The chikuru pabutiro nyama iri miti anosanganisira Epiderme e exoderm. Anotanga pamusoro pemvura mashizha uye muduku madzinde, uye wechipiri - pamidzi.

The yechipiri bemhapemha jira - periderm. Iye kwakafukidza akura madzinde.

Uyezve raifukidzira jira - goko kana ritidom.

The Epiderme e: marongerwo uye mashandiro

Chinangwa chikuru chemusha ichi mhando rejira - kudzivirira zvinomera kubva kupwa kunze. Iye akaonekwa zvinenge mangoti vakauya kumhenderekedzo. Nokuti algae, asi Epiderme e achiri asipo, asi rine spore-miti yatova chipo.

A Sero pabutiro chaionekwa ichi mhando ine thickened rwokunze. masero All vari pedyo kuonana nomumwe.

In yakakwirira miti, pepasi akafuka cuticle rinenge - paiva cutin wakisi.

The nemamiriro chirimwa pakavha jira inopa rinokosha refu - stomata. Ivo zvinodiwa mvura, gasi Exchange netembiricha murau. Stomatal midziyo chakaumbwa kushandiswa masero: maviri kazhinji akazaruka uye akawanda divi. Guard masero vakasiyana nevamwe nhamba yakawedzera kubva chloroplasts. Uyezve, kwemasvingo avo vanoiswa thickened. Chimwe chinoratidza sechivako masero murindi - kuwedzera uwandu mitochondria uye leucoplasts vane mamwe muviri.

Stomata mu dzakakwirira zvinomera dziri pamusoro mashizha, kazhinji musi underside rutivi, asi kana mvura chirimwa - kumusoro.

Chimwe chinoratidza Epiderme e - kuvapo vhudzi, kana trichomes. Vanogona kuva sero kana vakawanda imwe chete. Vhudzi angava glandular sezvo Somuenzaniso, kubva yorukato.

periderm

Izvi mhando pabutiro jira runozivisa dzakakwirira zvirimwa vane Woody madzinde.

Periderm ine matatu akaturikidzana. Middle - phellogen - kunokosha. Kana vachigoverana masero ayo zvishoma nezvishoma akaumba rokunze rukoko - fellema (chubhu) uye dzimwe - phelloderm.

The chikuru mashandiro anoita periderm - ndiyo inodzivirira miti pamusoro zvokuimba kukuvadza, ari kupinda pakati pathogenic zvipenyu, uyewo pakupa kuipa tembiricha. Zvapedzisira basa inopiwa rokunze rukoko - fellemoy nokuti masero ayo akazara mumhepo.

Nerevane nemamiriro goko

Inoitwa akafa ganda masero phellogen. Uyezve raifukidzira jira riri kunze, vakakomba periderm.

The chikuru kushanda goko - kudzivirirwa zvinomera muchiwirirana uye hwakanyanya tembiricha.

The masero zvinyama vasingazokwanisi kugoverana. Masero sezvo dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri mukati yakakamukana. Zvishoma nezvishoma goko wakatandavadza, nokudaro kuwedzera dhayamita womuti hunde. Zvisinei, jira ichi ane zvakakwana pasi elasticity nokuti masero ayo nhaka vanachandagwinyira chaizvo cornified mahamvuropu. Panyaya iyi, kuti goko anotanga kutsemuka nokukurumidza.

The pabutiro jira iri miti nemhuka zvakazonaka

Mhando pechifukidziro nyama yemhuka zvakawanda siyana kupfuura miti. Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

Zvichienderana nemamiriro govera kwemarudzi aya pechifukidziro munyama kwemhuka: rimwe-rukoko uye multi-rukoko epithelium. Pezvakaita Sero rokutanga rakakamurwa cubic, flat uye cylindrical. Zvichienderana mashandiro anoita nyama uye zvimwe zvinhu zvayo mamiriro kusiyanisa glandular nehanya, ciliated epithelium.

Pane imwe kupatsanura pakati Epiderme e - zvichienderana zvinyama kubva icho kuumbwa panguva pakukura embryo. Maererano nenheyo iyi vangazivikanwa epidermal, enterodermalny, tselonefrodermalny, ependimoglialny uye mhando angiodermalny pamusoro epithelium. Origin aumba kubva ectoderm. Kakawanda zviri multi-layered, asi zvinoitika uye multilane (pseudostratified).

Enterodermalny aumba kubva endoderm, zviri chete-rukoko. Tselonefrodermalny aumba kubva mesoderm. Izvi rudzi chete-rukoko epithelium, zvinogona cubic kana sandarara. Ependimoglialny - inokosha epithelium kuti mitsetse yacho in wouropi. Zvinonzi aumba kubva embryo Neural chubhu iri imwe rukoko, flat. Angiodermalny aumba kubva mesenchyme, riri pamusoro romukati divi mudziyo. Vamwe vaongorori vanoti izvi varege epithelial zvinyama, uye kune chokuita.

Mamiriro uye basa

Properties yokunamisa mhuka rinenge nhema yokuti masero dziri pedyo chaizvo mumwe, anenge asina intercellular fuma.

Chimwe chinhu - kuvapo bhesimendi membrane. Zvinonzi inoumbwa nezvebasa masero uye connective tishu viomak. Ukobvu basal Kamudzira anenge 1 micron. Inoitwa pamahwendefa maviri: chiedza uye kwasviba. Chokutanga chinhu amorphous zvinhu ane yakaderera mapuroteni kugutsikana, mupfumi karusiyamu ions, izvo zvinopa kutaurirana pakati masero. Dark ndiro rine vakawanda fibrillar collagen nedzimwe nhengo zvinopa simba kuti membrane. Uyezve, mune ndiro rima rine fibronectin uye laminin, izvo zvinodiwa patsva zviri epithelium.

Stratified epithelium ane zvakawanda kunzwisisa chivakwa pane rimwe rukoko. Somuenzaniso, nemvumi epithelium ganda chinosanganisira shanu akaturikidzana: basal, spinous, granular, kupenyerera uye horny. Masero neimwe rukoko dzakasiyana yakarongeka. Mumasero basal rukoko akasiyana cylindrical chimiro, spinous rukoko - iri polygon chimiro, granular - rhomboid, kupenya - Flat stratum - masero scaly akafa yakazara puroteni.

Mashandiro anoita epithelial zvinyama - ndiko kuti kudzivirira muviri zvemaziso uye chafariz kukuvadza kubva kupinda pakati utachiona. Dzimwe mhando epithelium vane zvakananga mabasa. Somuenzaniso, glandular basa secretion pamusoro hormone zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai earwax, ziya, mukaka, uye vamwe.

Isa rakasiyana-siyana epithelium mumuviri

Nokuti Kuziviswa dingindira iri tafura.

mhando epithelium	kwaunenge
pamhama	Oral mhango, nasopharynx, yegurokuro
cylindrical	Kurutivi romukati mudumbu, ura
cubic	itsvo tubules
nzwisisa	nasal mhango
ciliated	Airways
glandular	mumasero
multilayered	Upper ganda rukoko (cuticle, Epiderme e)

Vamwe Miti ava zvakananga mabasa. Somuenzaniso, kubata Epiderme e, iyo iri mhino, ndiye anokonzera imwe pfungwa shanu - kunhuhwidza.

zvakawanikwa

The kufukidza jira kunoratidzwa zvose zvinomera nemhuka. Yechipiri, ivo zvikuru siyana, vane zvakawanda kunzwisisa marongerwo uye kuita mamwe mabasa.

Bemhapemha chirimwa rinenge muri mhando nhatu: chikuru, yechipiri uye zvakare. The chikuru hunhu zvinomera zvose, kunze algae, yechipiri - nokuti avo chokumisa pamwe achiomesa, zvakawanda - zvinomera pamwe zvakazara oderevenevayuschim hunde.

Kuvanza munyama mhuka dzinonzi epithelial. Kune akawanda classifications kwenhamba akaturikidzana muchimiro masero, mashandiro, maererano kunobva inotungamirwa. Maererano wokutanga kupatsanura, pane imwe-rukoko uye multi-rukoko epithelium. Wechipiri pfungwa flat, cubic, cylindrical, ciliated. Third - nehanya, glandular. Maererano wechina, pane epidermal, enterodermalny, tselonefrodermalny, ependimoglialny uye angiodermalny epithelium.

Chinangwa chikuru emhando dzakawanda unhani machira uye mhuka uye zvinomera - kudzivirira muviri upi urongwa zvokunze kwezvakatipoteredza, tembiricha murau.