The Battle of River Kayala rekare. Aripiko rwizi Kayala?

The zita "rwizi Kayala" vanhuwo muverengi imwe Russian basa chete, kureva mu "Lay", iro hwakazara makore masere kubva pakutanga kwayo mashura zvakavanzika uye Puzzles. Monk-nyanduri akanyora hapana anopfuura 8000 mazwi, uye nokukurumidza uwandu mabasa ari dingindira iri kuuya zviuru makumi maviri. NecheSalvic ongororo munyika yose verenga uye kuzodzosera kuriverenga uye vataure neimwe nguva kuunza dzakawanda chakagadziridzwa uye achishaiwa chinhu kucherechedzwa, kunenge nokududzira chekare.

Sei kudzidza ibasa

Sei kudzidza nezvekwakabva chigadzirwa, nzvimbo pakange pakanyorwa, nguva kunyora? Kutarisa zviri mariri, kunzwisisa ayo chaizvoizvo. Enigmatic uye asinganzwisisiki rwizi Kayala. Zvinonzi vanotaurwa mashoko munyori, nguva masere. Historical geographers haagoni yakavimbika kutaura apo rwizi Kayala. Mumakore 70 wacho Ukrainian matongo okupedzisira remakore kubereka zvakawanda tsvakurudzo, asi kuwana aitodada hondo. Kana asina mabasa matatu, hatingambodi tadzidza pamusoro vamwe dzematunhu Prince Igor, zvikuru haandinzwi dzorwizi, pedyo iyo hondo kwakaitika. River Kayala - ichi rwizi Semi-ngano.

okugadzira zvinhu Psychology

Vanyori Russian Old zvakanyorwa kwete oga, asi nenyasha, nokunyengetera. Vaiva zvakasiyana nemafungiro kunyora, ndiro mumongi akadana abbot pakati wemamongi uye akapa kuteerera. Saka munyori "Words ..." - hapana anosara. Chero vanyori vekare havana kuda kupa, kusunda pachavo, uye aida achayerera basa rake. Naizvozvo, Ungangove, hapana achawana zita rake. Asi mwaka yake, iye nokungwarira haana kuvanza. Uye ikozvino zvimwe vanotsoropodza chaiko iri wafambidzana pakati pemakore 1188-1200, uye zvinofungirwa kuti akasikwa, zvichida iri Vydubychi wemamonk muKiev, apo zvakachengetwa Hypation Chronicle, kare zvakanyorwa, umo zvaigoneka kujekesa mashoko. Asi zvinoita sokuti mumongi akanga ubatanidzwe mushandirapamwe uyu, sezvo dzimwe nguva anoisa murugwaro pachavo nefemero.

Uye chii munyori akanyora, "... Shoko"?

Kana kutarira ose ekare mabhuku Russian XI-XII emakore, tinogona kuona kuti iye haazivi kuti nhema. Kayala River, iyo inotaurwa "Shoko", sokuti, muzita ano ane zita zvakasiyana. Academician Dmitry Likhachev akazviona Syuurly rwizi. Uye mudzi shoko chokuita rechiito "kupfidza." Saka nyanduri munyori akataura kurwizi, apo Igor haasi netsaona rakakundikana. Uye, sezvo kuonekwa kubva nyaya, muchinda vaifanira kupfidza. The yekare munyori hwakapararira dzechitendero uye kwokufananidzira mafungiro. dudziro iri zviitiko kuburikidza magwaro Rugwaro. All - zvose mamongi uye nevesangano - vaiva vanhu Orthodox vose vakatarisa, kureva Gwaro, pamwe Providence Divine, kunyanya mamongi. Vaidavira kuti hapana munhoroondo zviitiko, asina kare muBhaibheri. Vakatsvaka kuratidza kuti Orthodox munhu kuponesa mweya wake, kunyanya pamusoro avaida kuguma kwenyika, izvo pamazuva iwayo uchitya kumirira Orthodox uye nevaKaturike. Saka hazvibviri mune evasingatombonamati rokunyika nzira pamabasa aya. Tinofanira kutarisa pavo avo zvinorehwa kuti hunoita munyori. Izvi zvaisanganisira vaongorori, "Mashoko" anenge makore mazana maviri.

Igor kuti rutsigiro

Kamwe muBhaibheri, zvainzi kuti Shemu, Hamu, naJafeti, vanakomana vaNowa vakarurama vakakamura nyika, uye akanga chibvumirano kuti havasi vachidarika pasi mumwe. nyika yavo, uye vachafanira kuva kudzivirira, asi mune zvechisimba mishandirapamwe kuenda zvachose wairambidza. Pano kurambidzwa uye inotyora Igor vake. A gore asati rutsigiro ake yakakundwa Polovtsy. Pamushandirapamwe vaiva vhiki wechipiri muLent. Uye akarwa musi weChishanu, ariwo zuva rokutsanya. Uye Jehovha akavapa kukunda. Prince Igor akanga asingakwanisi kutora chikamu pamushandirapamwe nokuti hosha nemahwanda emabhiza ake akakuvadzwa ari chando. Mauto Igor vakamanikidzwa kudzokera. Haana akahwina ipapo mukurumbira.

zvisingakoshi kwidza

Uye ikozvino anokushuvai nayo, uye akaputsika Cumans simba, havagoni angamudzivisa. Ari vasingaratidzi pfuura nyika vamwe vanhu haina kudzivirira, asi kuhwina nepfuma, uye nokukudzwa, uye nokubwinya. Mumwe kwatova zvakaipa uye zvinopesana mirairo yemubhaibheri, ndiko kuzvikudza - chivi chikuru. Zvino Mwari anoipa chiratidzo - kurega, otendeuka. It anotumira uzere kuora kwezuva. Ichi chakakwana kuti zuva vari chete Nyeredzi kuoneka mudenga, uye zuva hunoratidzika nhete kirisendi. Saka rinotsanangura Laurentian Chronicle. Asi Igor ave kunyange izvi hazvina kumira. Iye ichimhanyira refract pfumo, kunwa mvura nengowani, ndiko kuti ndiwane Polovtsian nyika. Anoda kuratidza kuti gore rapera akanga asingatyi ake ekare vatsigiri Polovtsian uye nguva ino, pasinei nezvose, iye achizova zvose kuti ndiye akashinga murwi. Uye boyars ake sezvineiwo akarembera misoro yavo. Vanonzwisisa chii muedzo vachawira. Kayala rwizi ivo chete havazodyari.

mberi kwidza

Uye anoona uye Igor, uye munun'una wake, Vsevolod, inova yava pasi Igor uye mwanakomana wake Vladimir, uye muzukuru wake, Prince Svyatoslav, sezvarondedzerwa nomudetembi, hondo, akafukidzwa maumi. Asi Igor anoramba. Iye unotenda zviri nani kufa. Ngazvive hondo kurwizi Kayala pane kumirira kutya Polovtsian vachirwisa, agere pamba. "Ndinoda, - anoti - kana kuisa pasi musoro wake, kana kukunda Polovtsy." Hongu, muchinda akatendeuka udyire mweya ukaadzadza neshamwari dzake. A chiratidzo Mwari zvose yakakura uye yakakura. Russian chiedza nyika akasara pavo. Night kuchema dutu, shiri akamuka, sokunge kuedza Igor akafunga, pasi squirrels, uye ivo muridzo. zvisikwa zvose kunoita kurega Igor nenzira yake, pakupera inova rufu.

March mukurasika

Izvi zvinotyisa uye zvinotyisa nezviratidzo kusimbisa pfungwa ramangwana kwete vakawanda Mugumisiro wakaipa Igor mauto. A vanotyisa mapere vabatsiri Polovtzy atova kugara mumipata, vakamirira vanhuwo nezvavakatapa, magora muhondo pakati pemiouki vagere, achimirira pickings. Zvakaratidza kuti inowanzorimwa mhuka wambonzwa Russian, mwoyo yavo, vanotyisidzira ivo uye tsamwisa. Chokwadi, nyika yakanaka chiedza Russian akasiyiwa kare shure zvikomo - mberi rima chete. Small, zviuru zvishanu boka kusvika Don, kwose Kayala-rwizi runoyerera. Vaverengi Modern ona mu mudzidzi Kayala Potudan, iyo inoyerera kupinda Don.

Tmutarakan

Nzvimbo iyi iri munzvimbo magetsi Taman. Panguva Byzantines, rainzi zvakasiyana - Tamatarkha. Asi XI remakore yaiva Russian kwavabati huru Russian vakawanda uye anodzorwa namachinda Chernigov. Hazvinyaradzi nekuda kwake, Igor akaona magumo ake, ake "dzemadzibaba", nechisimba abvarura kure Polovtsy, izvo ichizodzoka. Pamusoro chaitika Makomo eCaucasus, vari mumipata, zvichida mavambo rwizi akatora Kayala. Uyu paakanga, kubudikidza tsanangudzo, mudetembi, kutsanya. A pachena uye Prairie nzizi dzose unoyerera, anononoka-runoyerera, uye hondo akatora nzvimbo parwizi Kayala naye, neburnom chokubuda nyarara.

The usiku pamberi muhondo

Long rinooma usiku kumirira hondo Igor kundorwa. Munyori Zvakakodzera vakataura kuti nokusarara usiku muchizvidya nguva dzose sokuti inorwadza refu uye zvinovhiringidza. Night wakadzika zvishoma nezvishoma mangwanani akasvika ... Chinojeka, mambakwedza rinobuda, chiedza chawo madonhwe. Minda akanga akafukidzwa mhute. Nightingales vakanyarara. Jackdaws vanopeputswa. Mupfungwa yokufananidzira pano nezvokuchinja usiku kusvikira zuva, nekuti Nightingale - shiri usiku, uye Chough - zuva. Uye varwi Russian kare mangwanani yabuda kuitira rehondo. A polovtsy vakakurumidza kukuru, kure-munzira, kuburikidza anezvimiti uye gatyam wakanyatsokodzera hondo Igor. Kuda kutanga hondo kurwizi Kayala (gore 1185 mushure Kristu).

kokutanga

Asi regai kubatwa takarivara Polovtsian. Uye Igor unotara pairi. Igor Mauto yabuda muhondo kuti. Four vakanga zvinokosha. Pakati - chehondo kubva Igor, kurudyi - chehondo Vsevolod akasiya - Sviatoslav muzukuru Igor mberi - Vladimir, mwanakomana Igor. Iye, Sezvineiwo, makore 14 okuberekwa. Uye akanga ari wokutanga kutora brunt. Mberi rakanaka akamira pasi, zvakanakisa regiments ravanofura nouta.

Kurwa akatanga

Short Kutaura Igor akakurudzira mauto ake uye machinda. Kurwa vakatanga kurwizi Kayala (musi - May 5, 1185, Chishanu). Polovtsi akavakawo dzavo uta. Ivo airamba ari volley chemiseve uye vakamhanya shure. Polovtsian rwisana hurongwa yapambwa. Advanced regiments vakavadzingirira. Igor uye Vsevolod, zvishoma nezvishoma, akafamba, anochengeta kurwa hurongwa. Luck Chishanu navo. Vakatora vasungwa uye akakunda Polovtsian anongofamba panogara pamusoro zvingoro. Part regiments Vakadzingana kuchena refu kupinda usiku uye akadzokera zvizere. Maererano ari Ipatiev Chronicle, Russian pashure wokutanga skirmishes vakatora akapfuma zvakatorwa nechisimba. Vaiva vakapfuma rejira Byzantine, vanokosheswa kwose kwose, magumbeze bedspreads, outerwear, mudungwe pamwe makushe zvinodhura uye yakafukidzwa Micheka vapfumi, dzakarukwa nendarama shinda, namapfumo, uye horsetail - ponytails padanda, chiratidzo simba. Bunchuk bvudzi akanga kupendwa mu tsvuku.

Wechipiri newechitatu zuva

Zvokudetemba munyori ichirondedzera richibva mugungwa makore matema. Dimikira iri rinoshandiswa chevarwere nhetembo chiratidzo pedyo muvengi. Izvi makore dutu vanoda kufukidza machinda edu vakashinga uye nehondo dzavo. Uye mumakore anodedera, ikapenya, nokumhanyisa zvitema-Violet mheni. All vakaunza mhute. Battle, senguva dzose, akatanga kure firefight uta vari kutamira mberi kuvaka. Kupfuura mhepo kubva pagungwa, semakore, akapa Polovtsy zvinobatsira. Miseve yavo akarova zvakarurama kupfura, apo varwi Russian nendege zvose mirayiridzo chero. Sechiratidzo kusuruvara nyanduri zvinoratidzira mufananidzo kuitika madhaka nzizi turbid zvavo repamusoro kunosvika pamusoro inorema mvura. Izvi mvura madhaka zvichireva anotambudzika kusuruvara mune chevarwere nhetembo, chinofananidzira mufananidzo nezvedambudziko nenjodzi. It portends Igor kukundwa panguva Kayala rwizi. Uye guruva vzmetaetsya mu inowanzorimwa zvakakangwa pamberi dutu Swirl. "Rinokwira Silushka zvakaipa, zvakaipa." Polovtsev aiva mugove. Vakakomberedza shoma bhendi sezvo musango, rin'i gobvu, kuburikidza icho zvaisaita kupaza.

Zvinosuruvarisa magumo

Mazuva matatu kuedza kubuda Igor Donets. Nyota vanhu vakatambura, uye kunyange zvakawanda namabhiza. Vazhinji vakaurayiwa uye akuvadzwa ari echiShinto Russian. Green papolomoy, kureva nhema mariro jira, kufukidza akafa, asi pano tine mupfungwa kuti akafukidzwa uswa.

Kubva mangwanani kusvikira manheru nokugogodza hondo. Kurwisana varwi uye usiku wechipiri, uye vakadedera Covo (Turkic voumhare vaigara hugota pamusoro Chernigov) mambakwedza. Igor yaisakwana navo. Uye munzira shure akanga akabatwa. Akaona kurwa munin'ina wake Vsevolod, uye akakumbira, maererano enhoroondo rufu, kwete kuona kufa munin'ina wake. Vose mauto Russian akaponesa gumi nevaviri vanhu. Vamwe vakanyura.

Kokutanga mauto Russian nedambudziko rakaipisisa kukundwa. Ino chaiyo dambudziko akasungwa kuteerera zvikuru kuti danidziro Igor. Uye nyaya yaiumbwa inowanzorimwa kufora muchinda Russian. A hwakanyatsorwisa Kayala rwizi vanofanira kunzi kwayo kutsvaka - basa geographers dzekare uye vematongo. Zvichida, uye zvisaririra nawo aenda, aenda kufanana nzvimbo Igor pakurwa.