Welsh nhoroondo uye unhu

mutauro Welsh - mumwe mumanyoro Celtic Brythonic boka. Zvinonzi ainyanya richiparadzirwa kumadokero chikamu UK kutarisira kuti, muna Wales, apo kutaura vanenge 659,000 vanhu.

Nhoroondo chidzoke uye kukura

Zvinozivikanwa kuti mutauro uyu akatanga kubuda kubva VI remakore ndokuva hwaro yeBritain. zita raro rinobva pashoko Walha, rinoreva "mumwe kutaura." chikoro wokutanga kudzidzisa Welsh yakatangwa Aberystwyth muna 1939. Munguva yedu, izvozvo akazarura kupfuura 500 zvikoro, apo kudzidzisa nevamwe zvachose muna Cymric (saka inonzi vezvenhau pachavo).

The tanga Mienzaniso chaiko, izvo zvinoshandiswa kunyora mutauro Welsh anogona kunzi Taliesin nhetembo uye poemu "gododdin" Aneirin munyori uyo akarondedzera kurwa-gore 600 pakati Northumbrians uye vaCelt. Musi chaiwo uye kurekodha mabasa aya Hazvizivikanwi kuti munhu. Kusvikira nguva yavo pakuonekwa ose mabhuku mabasa anowanikwa munyika, zvakanyorwa Latin.

dzakasiyana mashandisiro

Achitaura pamusoro yanhasi Cymric munyika yakafara mupfungwa, zvakakodzera kutaura kuti rakakamurwa huru zvikamu zviviri: rinotaurwa uye mabhuku. Kusarudza chokutanga rinoshandiswa hwezuva nezuva kurongwa pakutaura, iro nokukurumidza kuitwa dzakabudirira uye akavandudzika pasi mitemo yanhasi. Mukuru Kuchinja kuitika muna duramazwi: kunyangarika mashoko anoratidza zvinhu izvo hatichisiri kushandiswa, uye nekusiyana, pakasvika itsva, kukamura uchishandisa mashoko.

Welsh mabhuku mutauro kushandiswa pane vanhu uye zvitupa. Iye anoramba pedyo kweBhaibheri muna 1588.

topicality

Welsh haisi akafa, nokuti mazuva ano pane vakawanda TV hova uye nhepfenyuro kuti kutepfenyurwa muna Welsh iri zvakakwana kana runonyanya. Uyezve, nyika yasvika akabuda pavhiki uye pamwedzi mabhuku, uye yakabudiswa mabhuku anenge 500 pagore. Vana vane makore 5 kusvika 16 makore kudzidza Welsh Chirungu muzvikoro sezvo huru munyika kudzidza.

Muna 2001, mushure okuverengwa akaratidza vasanyanye nhamba vagari vari kutaura Welsh, kuti mutauro yakaguma zano. Asi, yaiva pambiru Commissioner kuti mutauro Welsh. Its chikuru basa ndiko kuti kukonzera kakawanda kushandiswa Welsh. Mabasa Commissioner rinoshandisa nheyo maviri:

• mutauro State Welsh anofanira ezvinhu nenhanho kushanda Chirungu;
• kuvapo vezvenhau zvinhu muna Welsh, iyo ichashandiswa yevagari, kana vakumbira.

Kutanga nzvimbo yaigarwa M. Hughes, uyo akanga kare mutevedzeri mukuru Language Board. Kwapera gore, reVanodzika vakapfuura mutemo maererano iyo tsika kunodiwa ushande kwete chete muna Chirungu asiwo Welsh.

Uwandu vakurukuri

Mukutanga XX remakore, hafu yevagari kushandisa mutauro Welsh iri dzichikurukura zuva nezuva, uye pakazopera remakore nhamba vatakuri wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika 20%. Vagari Verenga muna 2001 kwakaratidza zvinotevera nhamba: 582.368 vanhu vanokwanisa vari Welsh chete kutaura, asi 659.301 vanhu. zvinogona kuverengwa Welsh uye kuchishandisa mutauro unotaurwa uye zvakanyorwa. Inenge 130,000 motokari vanogara UK, hafu izvo anogara Greater London. Statistics muna 2004 kwakaratidza kuti nhamba yevanhu vanotaura mutauro wehurumende, yakawedzera 35 zviuru. Man.

Bazi remutauro uye madudziro emazwi

Pasinei chokwadi kuti England, Wales, Ireland uye Scotland tiri chikamu chete State, mitauro yavo yepamutemo vakasiyana mumwe. Ngatidzokerei kune nzira vanoshandisa mutauro Welsh. mutauro chaiko ane tumitauro siyana dzakawanda kuitira zvataurwa. Izvi imhaka yokuti zuva rinoshandiswa zvikuru kakawanda kupfuura wevakadzidza ukuwo, pachava chikamu, inova zvikuru kushandiswa. Somugumisiro, nomutauro chaiko kuti zvaikosha kuchinja kuchengetwa.

Ataurwa tumitauro akakamurwa kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe. Kusiyana vari pakutsvaga girama, mashoko uye emashoko. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Patagonian Welsh rwechiHebheru, iyo yakaumbwa muna 1865 mushure Welsh vanhu vakatama kuArgentina. dudzirachiito ichi akakwereta Spanish mashoko akawanda anoratidza vemo zvinhu.

General unhu

Cymric - self yaizivikanwa kwatiri shoko 'Welsh ", iro rinonzi rokuti Cymru (Wales), verenga se" kemri ". Ndezvenguva Indo-European mhuri, negadziriro tsamba earufabheti - Latin. Vanhu vanotaura Welsh, anogona kuwanikwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo munyika dzakadai Argentina (Patagonia nyuchi), muUnited States, Canada, Scotland, New Zealand, Australia uye England. Wales ndiyewo nzvimbo mutauro une pamutemo chinzvimbo.

Hwaro tsamba yaiva arufabheti Latin, uwandu tsamba iyo vakaenzana 28. Letter J dzinowanzotsigi- kushandiswa Chirungu loanwords: garej, jamhu, etc. Sounds Cymric vari atypical kuti mitauro yokuEurope Somuenzaniso matsi sonants ... Kana dzokuAustralia, ari polysyllabic mashoko wakawira Penultimate mabhii.

Subject - rechiito - mukwanisi - iri fanira nzira nokuda zvikamu kutaura mumutsetse. Preverbal siyana verbs uye inoramba anoshandiswa pachinzvimbo zvisazitasingwi mune omurume clauses.

Welsh Chirungu ane dvadtsatirichnuyu kuverengwa hurongwa, kureva nhamba 40 pamwe Welsh shoko shoko Russian rinoshandurwa se "kaviri maviri", uye, somuenzaniso, 39 chobva "gumi nemapfumbamwe maviri ndinoiitawo." Nzira iri kunyanya kushandiswa kureva zera uye musi, nomuzikamwi grade hurongwa rinoshandiswa mune dzimwe nguva.