Russian chitundumuseremusere "Rokot": tsananguro, maitiro uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

The chitundumuseremusere "Rokot", - yokuRussia inotakura chitundumuseremusere, rinogona kurwira kuti muchadenga chiedza uye unosvikirwa payload. On yokumusoro Danho "kamhepo-KM ', hunoratidza kuti 2150 makirogiramu pamusoro payload kuti kukwira pamusoro 200 km.

History chokusika

Ndechipi mutakuri chitundumuseremusere "Rokot"? Kwakavakirwa intercontinental ballistic chombo muUri-100N, aizivikanwawo SS-19 Stiletto. MuUri-100N budiriro rakatanga muna 1970 nechinangwa kuvandudza yakatya pakagadzirwa zvombo zveICBMs muUri-100 uye kuumba ndege guru kuti anogona kusimudza kwakanyanya mitoro.

Flight nemiedzo yaiitwa munguva kubva 1973 kusvika 1975, uye hurongwa vakava operative muna 1974. Pakazosvika 1978, akanga aita zvachose uwandu kuti 190 zvombo. The nani shanduro, rinonzi muUri-100UTTH, paakatumwa muna 1979 uye chakatsiva akare yokutevedzera, richisvika vaifanira rwemhuri 360 dzakabatana.

The renyukireya nhoo

zvombo muUri-100 anogona kutakura nhanhatu dzakazvimirira vakazvimirira targetable warheads ane zvakawanda 10,000? km. Vanogona kuva vakagadzirira kumhanya kwemaminitsi 25 chero-gore 22 pasherufu upenyu. Intercontinental ballistic chombo muUri-100 uye vachiri mubasa.

Pashure kuguma kweHondo Yemashoko muna Khrunichev Khrunichev zvombo vakange pakanatsiridzwa uye vakapakata avionics ano uye yokumusoro Danho "kamhepo-KM ', izvo akamutendera kushandisa sezvo nzvimbo kanda nemotokari. NGOs "Engineering" uyewo revolutionized ari muUri-100 kanda motokari, asi pasina zvinokosha okunatsiridza, kutanga zvishoma kuchinja, asi kudhura midziyo chokubvisa payloads duku munzvimbo yakaderera Earth muchadenga. In configuration ichi, inozivikanwa se "Arrow".

Kubva Baikonur cosmodrome muna Plesetsk

Kushanda "Rokot" kanda yokutanga yakaitwa November 20, 1990 kubva kuna Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan. Yokutanga orbital ndege kwakaitika musi December 26, 1994. Uye muna 1995, boka Eurockot, achibatsirwa izvo Russian akaendesa chitundumuseremusere "Rokot" yakaumbwa akaiswa pamusoro musika zvebhizimisi chinonyengera.

The kambani awana 45 chitundumusere-musere. Muna 2000, Astrium akanga atenga 51% rokutambudzikira Eurockot. The yasara 49% anazvo Khrunichev. Muna May, 2000 kubva cosmodrome "Plesetsk" "Rokot" kwakatangwa kwete kubva kwangu, sezvo zvakaitika "Baikonur", uye nyika zvifambiso mugaba.

The chitundumuseremusere "Rokot": Features

The chitundumusere-musere iri miviri-padanho "kamhepo KM" Zhidkotoplivnyy booster inowanzopiwa vakagadzirira pamwe yokupedzisira pachikuva, rinogona vazopa payload anosvika 2140 makirogiramu yakaderera pasi muchadenga uye 1200 makirogiramu zuva-synchronous.

Zvakakurukurwa mutakuri chitundumuseremusere "Rokot" ndeinotevera:

• kukwirira 29,15 m,
• chikuru dhayamita pamusoro 2.5 m,
• kutanga kurema 107 000 makirogiramu,
• Chinotsva - unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (heptyl) uye senitrogen tetroxide.

Danho rokutanga

Danho rokutanga mutakuri chitundumuseremusere chiedza kirasi "rwakafanana" ndiyo 17.2 M refu uye 2.5 M dhayamita. Tank pamwe senitrogen tetroxide riri kumusoro mudziyo pamwe unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine. Two zvakafanana tangi akaparadzaniswa pedyo partition. Nokusimudza uremu - 77.200 makirogiramu, 5700 makirogiramu inertnaya-.

Zvinhanho zvitatu zvokutanga anoshandiswa RD-0233 uye RD-0234 chete. Dzavo mano zvakafanana, asi RD-0234 ine kupisa exchanger kuti anopa compressed gasi kuti huni Matangi kuchengeta navo inodiwa nevezera yose wokutanga chokutambudzika kutiza.

All injini - turbine pumps pamwe Akanyatsovharwa loop. Mumwe anopa 470 kN amusunga kuti vanosvika 1.870 kN kana 190.700 makirogiramu. Vacuum Rod Danho rokutanga - 2070 kN (211.100 kg) injini 520 kN.

Control inopiwa munhu gimbal kuturika nerimwe injini mana. Maawa - 121.

The kuparadzana rinoitwa munyika inopisa ezvinhu. Vernier injini rechipiri chikuva dzakaparira pamberi nekupatsanurwa danho. Madhoo akatuma ina ndege mokugezera panze. Pashure pokutanga pyrotechnic vernier chiutsi mashandiro kusandudzira apedza Danho rokutanga. Uyezve, zvinonzi vakapakata ina hwakasimba chitundumuseremusere Motors vari dzakaparira pashure kuparadzana kubvisa kuti ngozi kure.

Danho rechipiri

Danho rechipiri iri 3.9 M refu uye 2.5 M dhayamita. kurema kwayo 1,500 makirogiramu ndinoiitawo 10.700 makirogiramu peturu. Tank ane oxidant uye mafuta tangi riri kumusoro uye vakaparadzaniswa parutivi zvakafanana partition.

Chikuva vakapakata Turbo michina namahwindo kutenderera: mukuru RD-0235 uye RD-mana chambered vernier 0236 kudzora kutungamirirwa kutiza.

RD-0235 ane Vacuum chezita chezano kN 240 (24,470 kg), nokuti nokupa kupomba kuti 320 p.

RD-0236 kunopa traction 15,76 kN (1,607 kg) uye 293 unoshanda. Imwe neimwe mokugezera mana injini kubudikidza gimbal anogona kuzununguswa pamwe chete akabatana kungotaurwa kudzora chombo zvevhiki panguva danho rechipiri ndege. Pane unoshandiswawo hurongwa inopisa gasi kusika zvakafanira kumanikidzwa vari matangi.

yokumusoro Danho

"Kichiku" The chitundumuseremusere iri vakagadzirira pamwe rokumusoro pachikuva, chine chikuru zvikamu zvitatu - injini, encapsulation pamusoro nhumbi mupanda uye zvenguva mupanda, akanamatira rechipiri pachikuva.

"Kamhepo KM" iri 2.6 M pakureba, 2.5 M dhayamita uye guru 1320 makirogiramu. Heptyl tangi iri pamusoro mugaba ane oxidant. Ekupedzisira ane conical chimiro uye rusesi pokugara huru injini. "Kamhepo KM" anobvumawo 1665 makirogiramu uye 3310 makirogiramu UDMH oxidant. Kuti tirambe runodiwa kumanikidzwa ari matangi pneumatic kuzvidzora pakushandisa yakakwirira kumanikidzwa nehelium.

The nechepakati Chikamu chinhu chinogumbura rine mudziyo ane oxidant, dzinongoda pamusoro mafuta mumota. Both Matangi vari vakapakata hydraulic uye pneumatic hurongwa, uye dzimwe baffles kudzivirira mvura kurova madziro mamiriro. Vane toroidal chimiro aine rusesi nechepasi nekuda huru propulsion gadziriro, vachibvumira kurerutsa urefu kwechikuva. Pasi kamuri ane huru propulsion injini uye Kudzikamiswa uye dzidziso, uye idenderedzwa dzehondo pamwe nehelium uye mupopotedzane. Equipment akafukidzwa kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye kudzivirira kunyanya kutonhora chinotsva inochinja viscosity kwayo, uye kungaita kuti kuoma nechando pamusoro nenyere uye dzehondo.

midziyo Bay

In yokumusoro chikamu chinogumbura muimba inverted truncated cône iri midziyo mupanda zvinosanganisira mapuranga, ichipa kugadzwa akasiyana controllers, telemetry modules, mabhatiri uye kutaurirana enyika. Zvinowirirana adapters kuti 2,49 M dhayamita.

Nechepasi 60 CM adapteri unobva "kamhepo KM" rechipiri pachikuva, uyewo kupa vanomhanyisa ari fairings.

Ari mune chikwata maviri mafuta enyika vari chinozoiswa: kamari kumanikidzwa kuti huru injini uye yakakwirira kufurirwa injini Kudzikamiswa uye dzidziso. In vaviri vakashandisa chetyrohokis unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine uye senitrogen, izvo dzakaparira pakarepo pashure kuuya neZvapupu mumwe.

Engines booster

Mafungiro kuzvidzora injini inoshandiswa 'kamhepo KM "vari 17D58E rokuremekedza uye achipa aizviti chezano 13.3 N. nerimwe anovhara ane kureba masendimita 14, uye inorema 550 d Reactive micromotor ari kushanda pane imwe kuvhenganisa nhamba 1: 1,85 uye aizviti chiyamuro kundimanikidza 14.7 bhaa, asi anokwanisa kutsungirira dzakakwirira zvinetso siyana 7.8 kusvika 34.3 nomuzariro. Nokuti maonero kuzvidzora propulsion gadziriro yaishandiswa pulsed muoti pamwe risingamboshandisi uchishandisa nguva 0,03 s, asi 17D58E vo vanopupurirwa ushande kuramba kusvika 10,000 seconds. The Injini angakudzivisai 450,000 zvinogara.

Simba zvitengeswa hurongwa booster

"Kamhepo CM" iri vakapakata yayo simba wedzerai gadziriro ina bhatiri uye simba kuparadzira hurongwa kuti zvinopa maawa 7 kushanda pechikuva kuti muchadenga. Instrument mupanda zvinosanganisira telemetry Namano zvinotakura uye antennas, uye tepi kuti mashoko okuchengetera uye hutachiwana. nhungamiro, kufamba uye kuzvidzora ndiye anokonzera kutiza pa mumatanho zvose. It ine uriri ane inertial kutungamirirwa zvinosanganisira ane 3-akabatana gyroscope pamwe onboard makombiyuta. The Hurongwa ane redundancy katatu chete ruzhinji sarudzo. Zviri zvizere zvionera uye hazvigoni kudzorwa kubva kunze.

cowling

"Rokot" chombo iri vakashongedzerwa ane fairing, iyo yakagadzirirwa uchikumbira zvebhizimisi shanduro chitundumusere-musere. Zvinonzi akagadzawo ari chiridzwa mupanda repamusoro Danho. Inoitwa zvidimbu zviviri 7.8 mamita pakureba, iyo pamwe chete vane elliptical chimiro 2.5 kusvika 2,62 mamita ari dhayamita. Uise payload iri 5,9 mamita kureba.

The fairing inodzivirira chitundumusere-musere kubva aerodynamic, chafariz uye acoustic Kuchinja kwakakonzerwa paari panguva kutiza mumhepo. Kana anosiya chitundumuseremusere fairing iri asunungurwa nokuvhura zvokuimba nokukiya, iri fastening maviri hafu-anoshongwa pamwe hunyambiri mutsetse kuzvitsaura pedyo pyrotechnic zano wakaiswa mumhino yacho fairing. Zvino nezuva chinjikira mutsetse kuzvitsaura kupfura putika nekiyi akawanda, kubvumira fairing yokubudisa laterally kuburikidza tsvimbo yechirimo. Loop mujinga kutenderera nenzira motokari uye yakajeka kuparadzana.

Storage uye kanda hurongwa

Kusiyana SS-19, izvo zvichaita kutanga kubva mumigodhi, kushanda mutakuri chitundumuseremusere "Rokot" anogadzirwa kubva chokufambisa uye kanda mugaba panguva cosmodrome Plesetsk, Russia. The zvombo zvinochengeterwa kwenguva refu, zvinoda kudzorwa okunze uye tiine senitrogen mhepo. Transportation uye kugadzwa panguva kanda ikanyanya vaberekawo mugaba. Uyezve, mudziyo unotora nzira pre-kanda kugadzirira uye kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza.

Asati atanga zviri kuwedzerwa, uye panguva booster wakaisa payload, rokumusoro chikuva uye fairing. Kubatanidza mudziyo kuti refueling interfaces uyewo simba uye mashoko waya. In akarurama nzvimbo chitundumuseremusere "rwakafanana" hunogara Zamok pazasi mugaba. Panguva yasimuka discontinuous netambo dziri akochonorwa zvemaziso gadziriro. Munguva kushanda mudziyo anotungamirirwa njanji maviri. The mudziyo kunodzivirira kanda ikanyanya pamusoro injini choutsi, uye rinoshandiswa kamwe.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Nezvekutanga zvitundumuseremusere "Rokot" ichavharwa muna 2017 mushure Implementation chawakaronga yeUnited uye zvokutengeserana chinonyengera.

The zita SS-19 Stiletto - NATO ndiro zita hworudzi urwu ICBM. SS inomirira hurongwa "pasi-pasi," uye nhamba 19 uye zita "Stiletto" basa iri mhando intercontinental ballistic zvombo. MuRussia, mukuru zita SS-19 - RS-18 uye reUri-100N.

Chinhu chakanakisa pamusoro muchadenga chitundumuseremusere "Rokot" anodaro rakavimbika, izvo kunosimbiswazve nemashoko 27 chinonyengera vakabudirira kubva 29. Pakati 150 anotangazve SS-19 3 chete vaiva kubudirira pakutanga kushanda muna 1970. Test chinonyengera pakati SS-19 "Rokot" inoitwa gore negore senhengo pakuongorora kuvimbika pamusoro chitundumusere-musere uye nedzidziso yepasi pose mauto.