Dmitrov porcelain Factory: nhoroondo, tsika, modernity

Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva wokuRussia porcelain wakatangwa regal ruoko Peter I. Mukutonga kwake, ndiro vaitenga kubva Europe, kuwanika mufaro kwakadaro kwakanga vanhu vakapfuma chete. Papera chinguva, porcelain rinovira vakanga anounzwa chipo chinokosha. Mushure China, chinokosha zvikuru vaiva pezvitsiga European (Sevres, Meysensy) kuti waka- kwavo akapedzerwa hombe mari yakawanda, kuti akanga asina chikonzero. Muna 1744 Empress Elizabeth akarayira kuvaka "porcelain Manufactory" pedyo St. Petersburg, sezvo nguva Russian porcelain. Dmitrov porcelain Factory akaita nhoroondo sezvo wokutanga fekitari private.

Franz Gardner uye imupota kuzvitsinhanisa

Kwenguva refu, porcelain kugadzirwa raiva chete hurumende hwaHerodhi, asi pane dzose private muridzi anoda kukwikwidzana kana mukasandizivisa, zvino kuti kambani changamire mabhizimisi. Muna 1766 iri wokuEngland Frants Yakovlevich Gardner, pahwaro yaivapo Urusova fekitari akazarura yayo chirimwa. Chinonyanya kukosha basa ive entrepreneur chaiva chido kukwikwidzana pamwe European chiratidzazvizhinji ose porcelain, uye kudziona pamusika, kutsiva mumhuri unhu zvigadzirwa. Achitaura zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe ano, akasarudza "importozamestit" zvinhu European uye kuedza akabudirira.

Nokuti sangano bhizimisi panzvimbo yokutanga waida pakugadzira zvinhu, uye Gardner, iye vakatenderera rinenge yose nyika, akawana dhipoziti ivhu chernihiv (Little Russia). Kuita promashek uye kwete reinvent vhiri, akavhomora nyaya nyanzvi - Franz Gattenberga (University vokuGeneva muzvinafundo). Zvino akaenda saka zvakanaka kuti kubvira 1777 kusvika 1783 panguva fekitari vakasunungurwa mana menduru basa Empress Catherine II uye vakanga vachipisira kwaari. Zvakaitika raiva kubudirira, muridzi fekitari vakashanyira soro vateereri mumuzinda wamambo, pashure yaakanga kodzero kuisa tsikisa mufananidzo nguvo maoko Moscow, rakanga akafanana unhu chiratidzo.

muzvinabhizimisi aibudirira

Franz Gardner, pamwe chidimbu nenhumbi, wakatanga kurwisa vakawanda kugadzirwa porcelain tableware. vashandi vokutanga vakanyengerwa kubva nyanzvi European uye unyanzvi, nhamba yakakurumbira Meissen. Russian porcelain hakusi akasiyana zvikuru kubva European iri yepamusoro uye zvinoyevedza kuita, asi mutengo yakanga zvikuru inokwanisika.

Russia vanokosheswa zvigadzirwa fekitari uye kufara kutenga zvose avo vasingakwanisi kuuya kuva vagadziri European. Muna 1771, vashandi vanenge makumi manomwe vakanga basa mukugadzira, nhamba yavo yakawedzera nekaviri mumakore 10. mabasa All rakazvipira nenyanzvi Russian, chete achitarisira emhizha uye takasunungurwa kubva kunze kwenyika.

Franz Gardner akakwanisa kuwana ake Style pachake ari kugadzirwa porcelain, nhamba mimwe castings mazana. Kuwedzera ndiro pano hwakabuda uye dzakapendwa porcelain Salon rakasiyana zvivezwa, vanyori izvo zvainyatsozivikanwa vemifananidzo.

In Kuznetsovsk vemunharaunda

Pashure wendarama afa, Dmitrov porcelain fekitari kwainzi zvakanakisa private mafekitari Russian. Nyaya akaiswa pamusoro venhaka: pfupi nguva asati afa, kambani akanga achiparidza mukuru mwanakomana wendarama, uye mukadzi wake. In ake ari fekitari chakarasikirwa zvinenge zvose chinzvimbo kwayo, asi pashure nyaya akatora vana vake, kurimwa akanga rakandiponesa. Rakanga Inoziva mukugadzira Michina wevhu. Muna 1829, ndarama kurimwa akave nokugamuchira First Industrial Exhibition. Muna 1855 akagamuchira kodzero kugadzira zvigadzirwa kupfeka pachena rusarura pakati gondo kaviri vakananga.

Panguva yose anova mumwe bhizimisi kusvikira paakaenda dare remakore rechi19 Dmitrov porcelain Factory kunosimbisa risanyatsobuda basa inoratidza, kubva 1856. Pakupera kwezana remakore venhaka akatengesa kambani Matvey Kuznetsov. Akawana inogadzirwa Zvivako kwete chete asiwo muunganidzwa maumbirwo zvose, mapatani uye zimbabwe garderovskih vanodhirowa makuru.

Kuznetsovsky kumwedzi

Dmitrov porcelain Factory (Verbilki) akasimuka magnate Kuznetsova vashoma vachatorerwa kubwinya, asi pamwe hwakasimba turnover. Pakazosvika nguva nepaitengwa fekitari yaibereka zvinhu 208 zviuru rubles pagore, uye uwandu vashandi kupfuura mweya 700. Kuznetsov akashandisa zvose yake pfuma nhaka uye remakore nehafu nhoroondo, nokuti zvizere kumutsidzirwa kubwinya kwayo.

Nyaya yave akawedzera mutengi nechigadziko kwave zvachose vakachengetedzwa, nemhaka chisarudzo kushandisa kupiswa kuti Dmitrov chirimwa pamusoro zvigadzirwa zvose. Muridzi mutsva ndisingadi vavandudze kuwanda mishonga kuti vakanga vasina chokwadi. Uwandu zvinhu zvenyika totaled vanopfuura mamiriyoni 4 vamapoka yakakurumbira midziyo uye zvivezwa. Okupemberera panguva chirimwa chinoratidza kusunungurwa oga kuunganidza. Saka yakanga mucherechedzo rechi100 gore hondo Borodino, ari 300th gore rokutonga pakati Romanovs.

Soviet porcelain

Mushure nationalization, gadzira vakava pamutemo sevatsigiri Dmitrov porcelain Factory. Mugore post-echimurenga nguva goho akaramba zvinokosha, uye izvo anogadzirwa, akanga nomwero akashongedzwa decals (decal) kana anomiririrwa manyepo nyaya.

Most wakakurumbira, muna 1930, ini ndakagamuchira basa Dmitrov porcelain "Humpbacked Bhiza" hwomuti, uyewo mamwe mabasa nokuda matarenda muvezi SM Orlov bhurasho Panguva Great Patriotic War porcelain kusunungurwa kunoderedza zvinokosha, asi nguva kwakaratidzwa nemabasa yakajeka. basa "Battle nokuda Motherland" (by A. Chechulina) yakabudiswa boka mifananidzo pamwe vemauto kukuru "Suvorov", "Alexander Nevsky", "Kutuzov", anoteya pamwe mufananidzo Soviet muchiuto utungamiri mibayiro (auth. Demorrey T.) akasikwa.

ano kugadzira

Muna 1991 Dimitrov porcelain fekitari akava pamwe wemari kambani, mukuru zita: CJSC "porcelain Verbilok". Kubvira muna 1995, anodawo subsidiaries kuti 'kucheka Verbilok ". The itsva Zvivako kutarisira uye mudonzvo vakabatikana kumutsidzirwa kwetsika vakaisa pasi havaoni hwomuti.

Muna 1996, boka vakagamuchira mibayiro panguva dzakawanda kuratidzira muBirmingham, uyewo Mexico. Kubvira 2007, chirimwa anogovera zvigadzirwa zvayo Kremlin senhengo nhengo iri neboka revanhu vaipfura Purveyors. The kambani yava kunzi "Gardner Manufactory", asi nokuti vazhinji vanoziva zita yekare Dmitrov porcelain fekitari. Products yakabereka collectible mutsetse wandei.

Collection "Frants Gardner" ichiraramisa chinyakare siyana makore 19-20 porcelain. Company Wizard anoita chaizvo zvakanyorwa chipo zvinhu (tii mbiri, nenguo, zvivezwa). Uyewo rinowanika ndiro mhuri pairi vemifananidzo kunyora crests mhuri, monogram kana vakasarudzwa muenzaniso. The kambani unobereka anogadza kuti zvakasiyana zvinangwa, tea kofi mbiri, nokuti michero, vases, nevana rinovira.