Peloponnesian War: zvinokonzera kurwisana pakati Athens uye Sparta

The Peloponnesian War - uto kurwisana, wakange nemigumisiro, pakati vaAtene Empire, anozivikanwa somunhu Delian Symmachus, uye Peloponnesian League rinotungamirirwa Sparta. Pairi pane zvakawanda munhoroondo zvipupuriro vezera, asi chinokosha basa pakati pavo ndiye "History" Thucydides. Vazhinji kwekuva mutambo wa Aristophanes, umo akasekwa zvimwe vemauto uye nezviitiko akanyorwa panguva iyi.

Atene uye Sparta - maviri simba guta-inoti - vaiva vatsigiri panguva yeGirisi Persian Wars (499-449 Makore BC.). Zvichitevera shure wePezhia, Atene vakawedzera simba ravo kwete chete muna reAegean neGungwa Black nharaunda, asi aida atonge yose Greece.

Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti Peloponnesian Hondo payakatanga nokuti kutya Sparta kuti kuwedzera simba Athens, izvo zvakawanda uye yoga zvikuru vari vakwikwidzi dzavo. Zvose inoti vaiva nesimba uye aigona kutyora yekare mitemo inifanduri yetsiva. Akatsigira anenge 200,000 helots vaishanda mumapurazi uye Massena Laconia Spartans akaisa hoplites vakanga kurovedzwa shasha zvechiuto. Vakanga ichinyatsozivikanwa ushingi hwavo, unyanzvi mune unarmed muhondo uye kunogumbura nzira yacho yakagadzirwa, inonzi phalanx inotungamirwa. Izvi nzira itsva kwave aibudirira panguva Hondo Marathon muna 490 BC uye Plataea muna 479 BC, pashure hondo Greek yekare yakapera mukukunda vaPezhiya.

Mushure shure Persian, Atene haarambidzi kushandisa trireme nekusiyana, havana yekudyidzana kwakawedzera zvikepe zvavo. Wakamutswa mutero muranda guta-inoti iri pazvitsuwa uye pamhenderekedzo kuGungwa reAegean, mutemo rava rudzi "mapurisa akanaka", kutungamirira pasi dzavo vatsigiri. Mumakore gumi akanga awana simba mukuru pamwe (kana Delian Symmachus sezvo huru rinodzora raiva pachitsuwa Delos).

Other inoti munyaya pamwe, anonyatsokwanisa novimba Athens, uye zvakawanda chete mari yezvipo. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuva nevakawanda papfuma zvaparadzwa kungobva vomuAtene zvirongwa pane kudzivirirwa reIonia uye reAegean makungwa kubva zvinogona nechisimba zviri pamberi Pirates uye zvakafanana navaPeresia. Kazhinji Pericles akatambura pfuma kubva Delos kuAtene, mari akatanga kushandiswa mari dzakawanda kuvaka ashandiswe navo, kunyanya, ari Parthenon.

Sparta kudisa akatarisa sezvo hurumende, Confederated, ukamubvundisa motokari dzavo, uye Atene ikava nepagungwa umambo. Kuwedzera simba ravo, vakakwanisa pakushora Lacedaemonians, anozivikanwa somunhu Spartans, mutungamiri mumwe mubatanidzwa, iyo refu akaramba chete simba kuGreece zvikuru muchiuto. Sparta aro nevatsigiri, kunze Corinth, akakwanisa kurwisa pasi mauto. Asi kwaiva nehondo asingakundiki chaizvo. Saka, masimba maviri yaisakwana hondo kusarudza uye kugumisa gakava "rimwe zuva."

The Peloponnesian hondo zvakatanga nokuda vakawanda nezviito chaizvo pamusoro chikamu Athens, semubairo iyo vatsigiri Sparta vakatambura. VomuAtene rengarava zvakadzivisa muKorinde dzinoumba nyuchi muna neCorfu, mukuwedzera, hwacho akatora upfumi zvirango zvayakatemera Megara, izvo zvinogona kuva nengozi kwavari.

The Peloponnesian War, iyo yakatanga muna 431 BC, rwakatora kwamakore 27, ane makore matanhatu chibvumirano pane imwe nzvimbo iri pakati iyi, uye hwakaguma kupa veAteni muna 404 BC. Mumwe refu zvinokonzera pokukundwa masimba raireva zvakonzerwa yaizotangira denda 430, dzikavauraya Pericles uye kwete isingasviki kota vemunyika. Inenge makumi matatu vagare kwakatungamirira kusauka umambo, mauto dzikaziya uye mwoyo.

Peloponnesian Hondo yakapera pamwe kugumiswa ariko vaAtene simba wengarava. Sparta aro nevatsigiri vakatanga Pan-ndero sangano enforcers kwose kwose oligarchic utongi.