The Popular Front muFrance: nhoroondo uye zvinoreva

The Popular Front muFrance aiva mumwe enyika nechepakati mauto pamberi Second World War. Nezviito mubatanidzwa leftist mapato kukanganisa remangwana France uye Europe. Vakawanda Zvaitongwa Paramende akaronga French nzvimbo pamberi nechisimba Nazi. Sezvo pfungwa pamusoro mabasa zvakanyanyisa polar mberi, vanyori venhau dzakaitika uye vezvematongerwo enyika vachiri Chavanoitirana nharo pamusoro tinyatsonzwisisa enyika masimba.

prerequisites

The Popular Front kuFrance, akauya simba pamusoro sefungu echimurenga pfungwa mu Europe. Kunyange pakutanga ramakumi remakore, vazivi uye vezvematongerwo enyika akatanga vanoshingaira kukurukura political itsva maitiro - gutsaruzhinji. Takatanga kuumbika neshamwari uye mapati. Pakutanga vakanga vasina enyika zvakakomba simba uye vaipfuura zvishoma mabhuku makirabhu. Zvisinei, nhamba vatsigiri leftist pepfungwa ikakura roga gore. Chinonyanya Masangano kukuru vaishandisa nemagandanga nzira hondo kuzorwa bourgeoisie. Pausiku First World War akanga atova akasika mapati akawanda, izvo, Kuwedzera kutungamirira zviito, akatanga kumedura mu parliaments dzavo. France, Russia, uye Ireland akasika yakakura yechiKomonisiti pasi pevhu. Zvisinei, Socialist urongwa hwakavhiringidzwa yokutanga War World. vanhu French ainetseka kudzivirira nyika yavo uye kusimbisa vakakomba hurumende. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi, hondo yakanga yapera.

Urombo, urovha, mumagariro Mipata pakati vashandi uye bourgeoisie rakaramba. Somugumisiro, izvi zvakaita kuti vakawanda okutsutsumwa uye nenjodzi. France agara zvakurukurwa nyika nokumukirana. Rakanga pano kokutanga chakawa Mhedziso umambo uye akazivisa zvokuvhoterwa.

Pakusikwa Popular Front muFrance

Revolution muna Russian Empire uye kuziviswa nehurumende yeSoviet pavakayambukira Socialist rose. Zvino gutsaruzhinji necommunism vakanga kwete chete papepa, asi muupenyu. The Communist International hwakagadzwa maviri. mamiriro ichi inodzorwa leftist mauto pasi pose. Zvino paiva kuwedzera sefungu, vazhinji vachishingaira muchirongwa zviito vaKomonisiti. Naizvozvo, nzira kubatanidza zvose kuruboshwe-bapiro masangano mumubatanidzwa yambokurukurwa. Asi zvino paiva paradzanisa. The Popular Front kuFrance yakaguma kuva mumwe. Vakomonisiti kubatanidzwa Socialist uye vapanduki havana kuda pamwe "vezvematongerwo." Zvisinei, zvose zvakachinja zviitiko muGermany. National Socialist vakauya simba uye vakava nzira kutyisa kudzvinyirira kuruboshwe-bapiro kurovedzera.

Tikatora mubatanidzwa

Mugore matatu namana yeutongi International anodzokororwa kwayo pfungwa. The Popular Front kuFrance, vakatanga kuungana zvakare. Unosanganisira ose makuru zvokutengeserana mibatanidzwa kuruboshwe-bapiro mubatanidzwa. The ngozi Fascism aita pamwe boka motley boka rive chete mubatanidzwa. Popular Front kunyange collaborated pamwe zviduku-Bourgeois kumapati, uyo akamira Anti-yechiFascist nzvimbo. VaKomonisiti uye Socialist zvakatanga vakaungana pashure vanorambana iri kuratidzira uye kuratidzira. Mukusiyana, yakakura kodzero-bapiro mauto akatanga kuronga pogroms uye mhirizhonga. Paris aiva pakati remota. In yechando, matatu-chechina, papiwa kutyisidzira kurudyi, General Confederation of Labor akazivisa hombe-pamwero ranwa. It chakatsigirwa vaKomonisiti. Papera vhiki yose nyika yakanga yakafukidzwa nezvatinoita ichi. Shure kwaizvozvo ratidziro kufamba chete akakura. Sezvo chiito waifarirwa tinorwisana fascism, kuti Popular Front pakupedzisira akabatanidzwa kuva enyika simba.

kukurumbira

Makumi matatu nezvitanhatu, kuwedzera kwekuratidzira of Popular Front kuFrance kwakatungamirira yayo guru vakawanda pakati yevagari. The mubatanidzwa akahwina kupfuura mavhoti musarudzo. Sezvo Socialist Party akagamuchira kupfuura chikamu yose sarudzo, hurumende itsva rinotungamirirwa mumiririri wavo. Asi nesananguro nechemberi hazvina kumisa ratidziro kufamba. Mukupesana, vava kunyanya vanoshingaira. Parinouya rakapararira France.

rinoita nadzurudzo

Vashandi vakabata emakambani, mabhizimisi makuru zvikuru mitero. Pakazosvika zhizha of Popular Front hurumende muFrance vakarambidza yechiFascist mapato ose. Ipapo akatanga pamwero mukuru kuchinja. In zvido vashandi wakatangwa fanira wepagore akaripa pazororo. Mitemo ichikutadzisa uwandu maawa vakashanda pavhiki. Zvisinei, kufadza bvumidzwa nguva yezuva kusuduruka haina vasarudzwa, sezvo zvakaitika Soviet Union. Sezvineiwo akawedzera kodzero dzevakadzi.

nationalization

Akanyatsosiyana zvakachinja wepamutemo nehwaro ukama pakati vashandi uye vashandirwi. Paramende akaita vakasuma purogiramu fanira munharaunda basa. Zvakatanga socialization indasitiri (kunyanya uto). Akanga nationalized chose Railway. Vanochinja uye dzidzo. Year kwakatora nguva rokubva dzidzo. It akasikwa yoga Ministry of Culture uye Sport, kunobva Academy of Arts.

Kuwedzera kune rushoma nationalization kweuto emakambani, kuzodzosera chirongwa rakazoshandiswa. Kushandura mutero hurongwa. madiki kubhadhara maviri muzana purofiti, uye makuru - matanhatu. Kutaura zvazviri, akanga nationalized bhengi French, kunyange of jure akanga kumbobvira wakaiswa. Tax ari kuzviuru sechinhu chikuru pfuma uye anodzokera shareholders. Kukosha Popular Front muFrance, zvakanga zvakaoma kuona. Kutaura zvazviri, havana aidzora vakawanda nzvimbo hurumende. Vasingatyi Kuchinja vachifarirwa panoonekwa vashandi, mukurumbira nehurumende kwakawedzera.

Pokuwa mubatanidzwa

Zvisinei, pasinei ose zvinhu, paramende ndiyo inenge kudzora chikwereti uye zvemari mashandiro. Big capitalists vaityira kwavo mamiriro nokuda kuchinja basa mutemo uye zvitsva mutero hurongwa. Naizvozvo, kuwana pfuma yake yakatanga goho rayo kunze. Gore mari water drainage matatu namanomwe kwaingova hombe. Mitengo akatanga. Production vakawa. Somugumisiro, hurumende yasvika pakugumisa kuti zvinokosha kunetesa kuchinja kwacho. Leon Blum akasiya. Asi dambudziko anoramba.

The Radicals, ane kukwikwidza akatungamirira paramende kudzipinza purogiramu austerity, izvo hatina mhinduro. Somugumisiro, vari zvakare kubviswa simba. The Kuderera zvakare akabata pamusoro uto indasitiri. The Popular Front muFrance uye Spain akaumba sungano. VaKomonisiti uye radicals aida kutsigira mauto kuti Republicans. Zvisinei, Parliament akanga atsausa kuti zvematongerwo enyika.

End okutonga

The yokurega muparamende wechipiri kwakaita kuti kudzoka Leona Blyuma kusvikira pambiru musoro wehurumende. Iye akataurazve kudana kwake kuumba mubatanidzwa simba kukurira dambudziko. Socialist kunge purogiramu itsva, waiva kuunza France kubva upfumi mugomba. Kuwedzera austerity matanho, chinosanganisira zvinhu kuwedzera guru mitero yakakura uye neHurumende pamusoro wayo goho kunze. Asi pakanga masimba anoshamisa hurumende zvinodiwa kuti danho rakakomba kudaro. The Seneti akaramba kupa chero. Vamwe okunyanyisa zvinhu zvaipiwa zvechiuto uye kurwisana zviyero vachiri kuvaparadzanisa yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita itsva, iyo, chokwadi, kwaireva iya akananga udzvinyiriri. Leon Blum akasiya danho iri. Somugumisiro, akanga sacked zvakare, uye musoro hurumende yakanga Édouard Daladier. The zvaparadzanisa iri mubatanidzwa yakawedzera. VaKomonisiti chaizvoizvo akatanga zvingarwisana Daladier. A nhamba dzake kuchinja dzakagadzira kukunda makumi matatu navatanhatu. Yepamusoro yokusagutsikana raiva gore matatu namasere. Nepo Hurumende French akaita akasaina asiri utsinye chibvumirano Hitler. Asi Communist Party yakarambidzwa papera gore.

Kukosha Popular Front muFrance haagoni dzakanaka. The mubatanidzwa haana kupa vaNazi kuzotora simba, sezvo zvakaitika muGermany uye Italy. Zvisinei, kushaya kudzora kufamba guta kunyimwa yake mukana kuita kuchinja.